A novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on Schottky-type p-GaN diode

In this work,a novel one-time-programmable memory unit based on a Schottky-type p-GaN diode is proposed.During the programming process,the junction switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state through Schottky junction breakdown,and the state is permanently preserved.The memory unit features a current ratio of more than 10^(3),a read voltage window of 6 V,a programming time of less than 10^(−4)s,a stability of more than 108 read cycles,and a lifetime of far more than 10 years.Besides,the fabrication of the device is fully compatible with commercial Si-based GaN process platforms,which is of great significance for the realization of low-cost read-only memory in all-GaN integration.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of One-Time Endodontics in the Treatment of Chronic Apical Periodontitis with Sinus Tract in Pediatric Deciduous Teeth

Objective:To observe the effectiveness and safety of one-time endodontics in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in pediatric deciduous teeth.Methods:109 cases of children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract in the deciduous teeth treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and grouped by the randomized numerical table method,with 54 cases in the experimental group and 55 cases in the control group.The experimental group was treated with one-time endodontics and the control group was treated with conventional endodontics.Results:After the treatment,the total effective rate of treatment was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse events was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the satisfaction of the children's family members was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05);the pain duration was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the experimental group,children with chronic apical periodontitis with sinus tract of the deciduous teeth were given one-time endodontic treatment,and the results of its implementation were relatively good.

PhishGuard: Integrating Fine-Tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) into Password Management

In the digital age, phishing attacks have been a persistent security threat leveraged by traditional password management systems that are not able to verify the authenticity of websites. This paper presents an approach to embedding sophisticated phishing detection within a password manager’s framework, called PhishGuard. PhishGuard uses a Large Language Model (LLM), specifically a fine-tuned BERT algorithm that works in real time, where URLs fed by the user in the credentials are analyzed and authenticated. This approach enhances user security with its provision of real-time protection from phishing attempts. Through rigorous testing, this paper illustrates how PhishGuard has scored well in tests that measure accuracy, precision, recall, and false positive rates.

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor,nutrients,and management)mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing,high density,and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction.However,it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice.A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1),5(FT2),10(FT3),15(FT4),and 20(FT5)days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6),making six treatments altogether.Cotton growth period,biomass accumulation,yield,and its formation were quantified.The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6,however,the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter.FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1396 kg ha–1),which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments,and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage.Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated.FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1)and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1)rates during the fast biomass accumulation period.These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom,and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.

One-time sintering process to modify xLi2MnO3(1-x)LiMO2 hollow architecture and studying their enhanced electrochemical performances

To solve the critical problems of lithium rich cathode materials, e.g., structure instability and short cycle life, we have successfully prepared a ZrO2-coated and Zr-doping xLi2MnO3·(1–x)LiMO2 hollow architecture via one-time sintering process. The modified structural materials as lithium-ion cathodes present good structural stability and superior cycle performance in LIBs. The discharge capacity of the ZrO2-coated and Zr-doped hollow pristine is 220 mAh g-1 at the 20th cycle at 0.2 C(discharge capacity loss, 2.7%)and 150 m Ah g-1 at the 100 th cycle at 1 C(discharge capacity loss, 17.7%), respectively. However, hollow pristine electrode only delivers 203 m Ah g-1 at the 20 th cycle at 0.2 C and 124 mAh g-1 at the 100 th cycle at 1 C, respectively, and the corresponding to capacity retention is 92.2% and 72.8%, respectively.Diffusion coefficients of modified hollow pristine electrode are much higher than that of hollow pristine electrode after 100 cycles(approach to 1.4 times). In addition, we simulate the adsorption reaction of HF on the surface of ZrO2-coated layer by the first-principles theory. The calculations prove that the adsorption energy of HF on the surface of ZrO2-coated layer is about-1.699 e V, and the ZrO2-coated layer could protect the hollow spherical xLi2MnO3·(1–x)LiMO2 from erosion by HF. Our results would be applicable for systematic amelioration of high-performance lithium rich material for anode with the respect of practical application.

Cryptanalysis of the One-Time Proxy Signature Scheme Used in Mobile Agents

We ayptanalyze Kim et. al's one-time proxy signature scheme used in mobileagents, and then a successful forgery is introduced It is showed that a dishonest customer cansuccessfully forge a valid one-time proxy signature by impersonating the stiver Furthermore, he canrequest the server with responsibility for the forged bidding information.

Design of 32 kbit one-time programmable memory for microcontroller units

A 32 kbit OTP(one-time programmable)memory for MCUs(micro-controller units)used in remote controllers was designed.This OTP memory is used for program and data storage.It is required to apply 5.5V to BL(bit-line)and 11V to WL(word-line)for a OTP cell of 0.35μm ETOX(EEPROM tunnel oxide)type by MagnaChip.We use 5V transistors on column data paths to reduce the area of column data paths since they require small areas.In addition,we secure device reliability by using HV(high-voltage)transistors in the WL driver.Furthermore,we change from a static logic to a dynamic logic used for the WL driver in the core circuit.Also,we optimize the WD(write data)switch circuit.Thus,we can implement them with a small-area design.In addition,we implement the address predecoder with a small-area logic circuit.The area of the designed 32 kbit OTP with 5V and HV devices is 674.725μm×258.75μm(=0.1745mm2)and is 56.3% smaller than that using 3.3V devices.

One-time Shaping Technological System of Lightweight Roof Greening

Lightweight roof greening is an important way for improving urban ecological environment and has good ecological and social benefits, but the investment is- too-high for the investors. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the system of lightweight roof greening. This study introduced a lightweight roof greening mode with low cost, simple construction, rapid formation, good economic benefit and convenient curing.

Effect of Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization of Tailings Glass Ceramics Prepared by One-time Sintering

Glass ceramics was made by the one-time sintering method using the main raw material of iron tailings. On the basis of quaternary system of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, using DTA, XRD and SEM, the effects of different nucleating agents and mixing amounts as well as heat treatment on the crystallization of railings glass ceramics were studied. The experimental results show that, nucleating agent and heat treatment are two necessary conditions for one-time sintering preparation of tailings glass ceramics namely, only adding nucleating agent or experiencing heat treatment, the quaternary system can not crystallize. The composite nucleating agent consisting of Cr2O3 and TiO2 can further lead to the crystallization of the CaO-MgO-A1203-SiO2 quaternary system at the lower temperature, with the major phase of diopside. In the range of mass content, 0%-4%, crystal intensity and crystal content grow. But when mass content is more than 4%, the crystal size will become coarser and the crystal distribution will be less regular. Different heat treatment regimes do not change the composition of the crystalline major phase in the glass ceramics crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 system. In the range of 30-60 minutes, with the extension of nucleation and crystallization, crystallization degree enhanced, but if the holding time surpasses 60 minutes, the crystallization is worse.

A One-Time Pad Encryption Scheme Based on Efficient Physical-Layer Secret Key Generation for Intelligent IoT System

The one-time pad(OTP)is an applicationlayer encryption technique to achieve the informationtheoretic security,and the physical-layer secret key generation(SKG)technique is a promising candidate to provide the random keys for OTP.In this paper,we propose a joint SKG and OTP encryption scheme with the aid of a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)to boost secret key rate.To maximize the efficiency of secure communication,we divide the process of secure transmission into two stages:SKG and then encrypted packet transmission.Meanwhile,we design an optimal algorithm for allocating time slots for SKG to maximize SKG efficiency without security risk.Furthermore,we design a key updating protocol based on our SKG scheme for OTP encryption.Simulation results verify that our scheme can generate keys securely and efficiently,and significantly improve the secure communication performance in an intelligent IoT system.

口令攻击的集成学习模型构建方法

多年来,研究者们提出了多种不同的口令模型,提高了口令攻击的效率,其中包括基于概率上下文无关模型、马尔可夫模型等不同原理的方法,它们分别捕捉了口令中不同方面的特征,这使得通过这些不同特征结合到一起来提高攻击效率成为可能.另一方面,在机器学习领域被广泛使用的集成学习方法能够整合多种模型来学习数据集中的不同特征,因此本文提出将集成学习应用于口令生成领域.本文提出了可扩展的集成口令攻击方法,并重点描述它的两个实例,通过分析多个重要的影响因素,以及进行大量实验来研究它们对攻击性能的影响.本文提出的集成口令攻击方法可以显著提升攻击效率,实验结果表明它相对于经典口令模型有着更高的攻击成功率,尤其是在跨站攻击的场景中,有近20%的提升.

储粮信息系统弱密码增强多重散列保护方法研究

使用弱密码是计算机信息系统安全的重要漏洞,在粮食储藏信息化应用中亦是如此。单纯的哈希散列加密算法对弱密码存在明显局限性。结合粮库软件系统应用实际,本文提出以哈希散列算法为基础,混入盐值和引入高进制映射等进行增强处理,多次复用散列运算的弱密码保护方法。验证分析表明,方法增加了弱密码的加密值强度,阻断了字典攻击或彩虹表攻击,实现了对弱密码传递和存储的有效保护,且复杂度较低,程序实现难度低,运算耗时均值约2.5ms,对用户无感。方法用于粮食储藏信息化建设管理,可提供良好的安全保障。

基于51单片机的指纹密码锁设计与制作

文章以单片机STC89C52作为指纹密码锁的控制核心,通过4×4矩阵键盘实现按键输入,实现普通密码解锁以及指纹解锁2种解锁方式。在开机初始界面,矩阵键盘输入数字密码则实现普通密码开锁功能,如果按压AS608指纹模块,则实现指纹解锁功能。LCD12864液晶显示屏实时显示密码锁的当前状态。矩阵键盘输入实现人性化按键功能:密码输入实时加密显示输入位数,如果输入出错,则可以实现退格或者返回初始界面功能。密码锁在管理员界面,可以实现录入指纹、删除指纹以及修改开锁密码功能。设计采用AT24C02存储芯片,实现开锁密码的稳定存储功能,利用AS608集成指纹处理模块,实现指纹模板的存储功能。

助记口令创建策略综述

口令身份验证因其简单性和可部署性而成为当今最常见的身份验证方式。随着口令猜测攻击算法的不断改进,对口令强度的要求也越来越高。强口令虽然能够提高安全性,但往往难以记忆,而易记口令则容易受到破解的威胁,因此选择既强大又易于记忆的口令成为一项挑战。随着每个用户的账户数量不断增加,需要记住的口令数量也在增加,这给人类记忆带来了明显的压力,因此寻找生成易记强口令的方法成为必须。在过去的二十多年里,许多研究者提出了基于不同助记工具的助记口令创建策略。故对现有的助记口令创建策略进行综述,首先针对口令创建背景、口令强度进行概况总结,其次根据助记工具的特点,将其分为基于句子、基于单词、基于键盘和其他特殊类型4类,并对每种类型进行了深入综述;最后,对助记口令创建策略进行了总结和展望,并指出了未来的研究方向和发展趋势。

口令猜测技术研究

口令猜测技术常被用于渗透测试、电子取证等领域,是提升系统安全性、电子取证能力的重要手段。为了推动口令猜测技术的发展与运用,采用了理论+实践的研究方法,系统性地研究了口令猜测相关技术和口令猜测工具链。从口令猜测工作实际需求出发,基于口令猜测工具链构建一站式分布式口令猜测系统。最后,以猜测Wi-Fi登录口令为例介绍了口令猜测过程,并证明分布式口令猜测系统易使用、性能强,可实现数百倍的性能提升。

基于零信任安全模型的轨道交通数据隐私保护

为解决轨道交通网络数据传输杂乱的问题,提升数据样本的安全性,研究基于零信任安全模型的轨道交通数据隐私保护方法。在零信任安全模型的基础上,分别定义公钥密码与私钥密码模板,建立完整的轨道交通数据隐私链路标签。完善数据样本验证机制以提升数据安全性,通过求解交互认证系数的方式辨别隐私数据样本,结合敏感度指标实现轨道交通数据隐私保护。实验结果表明,在轨道交通网络中应用零信任安全模型,可在保证正序数据传输速率的同时将乱序数据传输速率限制在3.52 Mb/ms以下,能够满足轨道交通数据隐私保护的应用需求。

基于LLM的多粒度口令分析研究

基于口令的认证是常见的身份认证机制。然而,大规模口令泄露事件时有发生,表明口令仍面临着被猜测或者盗用等风险。由于口令可以被视作一种特殊的自然语言,近年来运用自然语言处理技术进行口令分析的研究工作逐渐展开。目前少有工作在大语言模型(LLM,large language model)上探究口令文本分词粒度对口令分析效果的影响。为此,提出了基于LLM的多粒度口令分析框架,总体上沿用预训练范式,在大量未标记数据集上自主学习口令分布先验知识。该框架由同步网络、主干网络、尾部网络3个模块构成。其中,同步网络模块实现了char-level、template-level和chunk-level这3种粒度的口令分词,并提取了口令的字符分布、结构、词块组成等特征知识;主干网络模块构建了通用的口令模型来学习口令组成规律;尾部网络模块生成了候选口令对目标库进行猜测分析。在Tianya、Twitter等8个口令库上进行大量实验,分析总结了多粒度分词下所提框架在不同语言环境中的口令分析效果。实验结果表明,在中文用户场景中,基于char-level和chunk-level分词的框架口令分析性能接近一致,且显著优于基于template-level分词的框架;在英文用户场景中,基于chunk-level分词的框架口令分析性能最佳。

多服务器环境下基于椭圆曲线密码的认证协议

本文研究了多服务器环境下的认证密钥协商协议.通过对Andola等人方案的分析,利用椭圆曲线密码和随机数设计了一种改进的认证密钥协商协议.使用BAN逻辑和非形式化分析方法,对协议进行安全性分析.实验结果表明,所提协议具有更好的安全性和实用性.

格上无非交互式零知识证明的两轮三方PAKE协议

针对现有基于格的三方口令认证密钥交换(PAKE)协议通信轮次较多、执行效率较低等问题,提出一种格上无非交互式零知识证明的两轮三方PAKE协议。首先,利用非适应性近似平滑投影哈希函数实现密钥交换,在不使用非交互式零知识(NIZK)证明的前提下,降低协议的通信轮数;其次,利用哈希值和投影哈希值构造会话密钥,不需要使用随机预言机,避免了随机预言机导致的潜在口令猜测攻击。在标准模型下给出所提协议的形式化安全证明。仿真结果表明,与基于格的三方PAKE协议相比,所提协议的执行时间在客户端缩短了89.2%~98.6%,在服务器端缩短了19.0%~91.6%。验证了所提协议能够抵抗量子攻击,具有较高的执行效率,同时减少了协议通信轮数。

面向申威众核处理器的规则处理优化技术

高性能口令恢复系统是申威众核处理器的重要应用场景之一,规则处理是主流口令恢复工具中被广泛应用的一种口令生成方式.现有相关研究工作缺少对规则处理算法的优化,导致申威处理器上基于规则的口令生成速度成为口令恢复系统的性能瓶颈.通过分析规则处理算法的多层次可并行性,提出了面向申威众核处理器的线程级、数据级优化方案.在线程级优化方案中,探索了规则处理算法的最优任务映射方式,设计了主从核任务分配机制、从核缓冲区配比优化机制、负载均衡机制、变长规则存储机制等技术以提高并行效率;在数据级优化方案中,分析了规则处理算法中规则函数的计算模式,并通过申威SIMD指令集对规则函数进行向量优化以提高执行效率.在SW26010处理器上的实验结果表明,上述优化方案有效解除了规则处理的性能瓶颈,使规则模式下的口令恢复速度提升了30~101倍.