Improving Open Spaces for a Sustainable City

The feasibility of city living with nature as a way to restore the balance between human uses and natural processes is the focus of this paper about the city of Maringa in Southern Brazil. This urban form, a planned new town founded in 1947 upon a previous, comprehensive British land-development scheme, originally offered a friendly interaction between urban settlement and nature. Hence, this paper outlines how open spaces can be enhanced as an ecological structure, bringing parks, squares, gardens and urban farming into a productive system, both for nature＇s and for people＇s sakes. Following a morphological study, the proposed ecological structure will maintain ecological processes within the urban grid and help to preserve historical and social values, by linking a wide variety of natural and restored ecosystems and landscape features. The adoption of this kind of ecological planning will certainly result in an increase of the urban landscape quality, changing actual planning paradigm and preventing the city from environmental quality decrease.

Evaluation and Promotion of the Service Capacity of Urban Public Open Spaces Based on Improving Accessibility:A Case Study of Shenyang City,China

The service capacity of urban public open spaces is an important indicator of the justness and soundness of the allocation of public space resources,such as parks and green spaces,in the process of urban development.Improving the service capacity of urban public open spaces is conductive to healthy,sustainable urban development.In this study,taking Shengyang City,China as a case study,a Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method(2 SFCA)is used to calculate an accessibility index and identify residential areas with a poor accessibility to urban public open spaces.Then,a particle swarm algorithm(PSA)is used to optimize the locations of new open space developments.Finally,the optimization results are verified using the analytic network process(ANP).The results show that the service capacity of public open spaces in the center of Shenyang City(covering six districts)is relatively low and exhibits an uneven spatial distribution.In the service scope of the existing urban public open spaces,the accessibility for 48.6%of the residential estates is moderately poor or poor.The layout is optimized when the number of optimization points is set to 8.These points are mainly located in old town areas such as the Tiexi,Huanggu,and Dadong districts.The optimization increases the green space area accessible by motor vehicles(60 min),bicycles(60 min),and walking(30 min)by 4.67%,5.38%,and 8.03%of the study area,respectively.Finally,green space planning recommendations are offered from two perspectives:spatial layout and transport system optimization.

IMPORTANCE OF THE RESIDENTIAL FRONT YARD FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY:COMPARING SENSE OF COMMUNITY LEVELS IN SEMI-PRIVATE-PUBLIC OPEN SPACES

Sustainable design is emerging as an increasingly important concern for the global urban population.Usually sustainable design is associated with economic,ecological and social aspects with the importance of the physical environment often ignored,particularly in the social sciences.However,the physical and social dimensions should be inseparable in the sustainable development agenda.Increasingly,urban designers are emphasizing the link between physical design and sense of community in public open spaces,but there is limited research on the importance of residential streets and associated semi-open public spaces,such as verges,and private spaces,like the front yard.Using the case study method,including observation and a survey in the suburb of Subiaco in Perth,Western Australia,this article explores the significance of residential streets and the space typology of front yards in comparison to other outdoor open space types.The analysis of the front yard’s contribution to the street and community can inform designers,developers,planners,policy makers and residents to achieve a more attractive inner city living environment.

Human Behavior in Downtown Public Spaces during Cooling Periods in Winter Cities

There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urban design that promotes activities in these spaces is required for winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between outdoor environmental conditions and the behaviors of people in outdoor public spaces. This six-month study conducted a field survey in six kinds of public spaces in downtown Sapporo and analyzed the changes of microclimates and sitting behaviors in these spaces. The analysis revealed that sitting behaviors decreased with temperature drops during the cooling period （20 ~C-8 ~C）, that sunlight could suppress the reduction in the number of sitting behaviors, and that wind speed could suppress the reduction in the duration of sitting behaviors.

The Assessment of Depok as Age Friendly City (AFC)

Depok has a big opportunity to become an age friendly city (AFC) because it has a large number of posbindu, increased elderly population, it does not have yet the pension security for the elderly people, and it does not have yet the number of infrastructure and social facilities needed for the elderly. Before Depok City becomes an age friendly city, an assessment of the eight-dimensional indicators of AFC had been carried out by a team of UI researchers from Center of Ageing Studies in collaboration with the Institute for Survey METER in March 2013. One of the main finding was the presence of the three indicators of AFC in Depok which still lack, they are buildings and open space, housing, and civil participation and employment. The purpose of the study was to assess the public’s opinion on the three indicators of AFC that still lack in Depok. The study shows that the majority of people and government as stakeholder assess that Depok is ready to become AFC as long as supported by the government of Depok City with the good coordination with related institutions for the budget and programs prioritizing the interests of the elderly. Moreover, the existence of Komda (Comission Area) of Elderly Depok City can support the establishment of a friendly city towards the elderly. The community prefers to choose the indicators of buildings and open spaces as a top priority for elderly-friendly city rather than chooses the indicators of housing and civil participation and employment for the elderly people. Therefore, hopefully Depok City Government with related institutions can build the building which is elderly-friendly as well as AFC socialization to the government and private sectors in order to achieve rapid implementation of Depok as an AFC.

Urban Space with Instant and Ubiquitous Access Technologies

According to the United Nations, the world will need to build new cities and/or expand existing cities to accommodate about 1.6 billion additional urban residents by 2030. This rapid trend is the result of many complex socio-economic and political factors, and poses unprecedented challenges to the functioning of cities and the quality of life for urban dwellers. The resources needed for accommodating new urban dwellers will be enormous. Can emerging information, communication and ubiquitous access technologies help us to achieve a sustainable global urban system in a ubiquitous technology space, mitigating the consumption of scarce resources?

基于在线地图路径循迹的山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性衰减

【目的】精准客观地评估山地城市绿色开放空间的步行可达性,揭示实际可达性与理论可达性之间的衰减状态,为山地绿色开放空间服务能力优化提升提供依据与参考。【方法】以重庆市渝中区为研究范围,依托ArcGIS平台和高德地图应用程序接口(application programming interface,API),引入路径循迹法,从实际步行路径出发量化可达性,并通过对比实际可达性与理论可达性来分析城市整体及绿色开放空间的可达性衰减状态。【结果】1)渝中区绿色开放空间步行可达范围整体衰减面积比为43.19%,且5 min、10 min、15 min阈值内可达范围的衰减面积比分别为32.12%、46.49%、46.30%;2)绿色开放空间衰减程度不均衡,衰减程度大于60%的绿色开放空间有16个,衰减程度最高为87.71%;3)山顶、各级台层和滨江楔形绿色开放空间的高衰减比例相对更高。【结论】进一步从选址、环境和本体3个方面总结衰减原因,并从步行可达性视角提出增量、串联、渗透的山地城市绿色开放空间优化建议,为客观评估山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性提供思路,对山地城市绿色开放空间服务效能提升具有重要的现实意义。

山地城市老旧社区公共空间老年人社交活动特征与可持续更新思路:基于社会网络分析

在人民城市理念背景下,针对山地城市人口老龄化趋势与老旧社区公共空间适老化更新的现实困境,需要更加长期、动态、准确地理解社区老人的社交需求与活动特征,进而结合地方自然、经济和人文特征,提出长效的可持续更新思路。运用社会网络理论和方法,选取山地城市老旧社区特征显著且老龄化严重的重庆市渝中区凉亭子社区为研究区域,以居住在该社区的老年人为研究对象,通过长期实地观察、访谈和对调研数据的分析,厘清各类社群关系下老年人的活动空间分布及活动类型特征,剖析老年社群—社交空间—社交活动的整体关系,进而明确社区公共空间适老化更新的问题与目标,提出因地制宜的可持续社区更新思路。对于突破山地城市老旧社区适老化更新的社区资产认知、持续改善和提升社区公共空间品质、整体构建和谐的社区社群关系具有参考意义。

自贡市古镇开敞空间分形秩序特征研究

开敞空间是古镇空间的重要组成部分,文章基于古镇边界形态量化分类结果,分别选取团状古镇、指状古镇、带状古镇为研究对象,运用计盒维数法,分析其开敞空间分维值和分形秩序。研究结果表明:古镇开敞空间分形秩序特征具备层级连续,面积递减;层级数量指数式迭代增长;古镇空间自相似性高,形状边界与自然环境紧密相关等特点。古镇总体分维值较高,是良好的分形体,则它们的分形秩序特征具备一定参考性,基于此,提出古镇开敞空间分形秩序优化建议。

基于可持续性量化系统模型的城市空间设计应用研究

城市空间建设的高质量发展对中国式现代化具有重要的促进作用。本文从空间设计策略出发,建立可持续性量化系统模型(Sustainable Systems Integration Model,以下简称SSIM)对城市空间设计方案进行系统性评估,实现由“盲目无序建设”向“科学定标量化”的方式转变。以天津生态城作为研究对象,首先重构空间设计指标系统。其次,对建立的空间情景系统进行优化组合,经过经济测算形成初选方案。再次,利用测度算法对关键指标进行评价,最终形成空间设计优选方案。结果显示:优选方案符合城市规划逻辑,符合地域振兴的演化策略。说明可持续性量化系统模型对城市空间设计具有较强的应用性。也为区域振兴的可持续发展提供了求解方法和创新思路。

基于儿童友好型视角下城市开放空间景观设计——以中国江西省上饶市经开区铜锣湾儿童乐园为例

近年来,社会的不断进步与城市化的迅速发展,使城市开放空间的设计和规划愈加重要。为落实国家“十四五”规划《纲要》,《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年)》等相关要求,深入推进城市儿童友好空间建设,论文以江西省上饶市经开区铜锣湾儿童乐园儿童设计为例,以儿童友好型的视角,以安全性、通用性、趣味性为原则,从街区层面研究探讨城市开放空间景观设计中儿童友好空间规划设计的基本原则、策略方法,以及建设要点,助力儿童友好型城市建设。

公共开放空间的公共性演变研究

公共性是影响城市公共开放空间品质与活力的重要指标。随着人民城市理念的提出,公共开放空间的价值内涵从注重物质功能向普惠公共群体转变。以公共开放空间为研究对象,探究概念的理论内涵。参考哈贝马斯的“公共领域”理论,基于历史维度分析中西方公共开放空间公共性的历史演变进程,总结公共开放空间公共性演变的特征,透过比较视角得出中西方规划实践中公共开放空间所体现的公共性呈现“殊途同归”的趋势。既丰富了对公共开放空间理论层面的研究,同时对有效实施城市更新行动具有积极意义。

开放共享的城市公共绿地养护管理探讨

以公共绿地为研究对象,从公共绿地养护、管理现状等方面展开分析,提出公共绿地的养护建议:开放共享绿地的养护重点在于有效措施的落实,养护单位与管理部门应全方位提高养护技术、管理技术、自身专业能力。养护管理单位应用现场巡查、问题抄告、整改回头看、技能培训、以赛代评等措施,督促养护单位落实养护目标。养护单位应提升自身综合实力,树立以经济效益为基础,以社会效益、生态效益为首要任务的绿地养护管理意识。管理单位和养护单位共同形成合力,实现公共绿地养护的生态化、精细化、数字化,从而使得公共绿地的服务功能得以实现。

城市更新背景下公共开放空间营造实践

随着人们对居住环境的要求不断提高,如何切实有效营造公共开放空间成为研究重点。以钟祥市公共开放空间景观改造提升项目为例,阐述设计原则,从场地类型出发,根据区位及形态划分为点、线、面状公共开放空间,提出相应的设计策略,以期为同类型公共开放空间营造提供参考。

碳中和背景下城市绿地的发展:从“城市森林”到森林城市

在碳中和的时代背景下,城市绿地作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,正经历着从“城市森林”到森林城市的深刻转变。文章通过分析具体案例和数据,探讨了城市绿地在提升碳汇能力、改善生态环境、促进社会经济可持续发展等方面的积极作用,旨在为其他城市的绿地发展提供借鉴和参考。

国内儿童友好型城市绿地公共开放空间研究综述

城市绿地中的公共开放空间是儿童健康成长、充分接触自然的重要场所。随着当下儿童友好型城市建设的大力开展,系统全面地构建儿童友好的绿地空间体系,为儿童打造便捷舒适、安全有趣、生态自然、文明友好的城市绿地环境,提升儿童群体在城市中的幸福感、安全感与获得感。文中通过线上收集整理近15年儿童友好型研究等相关领域的文献,依托科学计量分析软件CiteSpace进行可视化分析,对当今国内的研究现状进行探索,分析发现研究热点主要涵盖设计策略、案例研究、评价研究三方面内容。通过对上述内容的分析、归纳与梳理,充分总结当今国内的儿童友好型城市绿地公共开放空间建设倾向,为儿童友好型城市绿地建设与研究提供新的思路。

扬州城市书房对建设章之汶图书馆的启示意义

城市书房是一种新型的,融合了阅读、社交、休闲、艺术等多种元素,且以人为核心的阅读场所。“城市书房”这一称号既体现了城市文化风格,又营造出家庭的温馨气氛。短短十几年,扬州已建成70多家城市书房,其中主城区有53家,广受城市读者好评。2022年至2023年,在走访调研了扬州市二十几所各具特色的城市书房后,该文从标准化建设、24小时开放制、RFID技术管理、社会力量引入等多个方面探讨城市书房对建设南京农业大学滨江校区章之汶图书馆的意义,以期在2024年开馆之际能对章之汶图书馆有所帮助。

住宅园林绿地系统对城市环境改善的影响分析

低碳城市发展是应对当前气候压力和提升城市可持续性的重要策略。本文采用案例分析、模型模拟和问卷调查等方法,通过分析绿地系统在减少温室气体排放、改善城市微气候、提升生物多样性及增强城市居民健康和福祉中的作用,揭示绿地系统对城市环境质量提升的积极影响。结果表明,系统性的绿地规划和管理是实现低碳城市发展的关键途径之一,对促进城市环境的持续改善具有显著效果。

城市地下空间开发利用容量评估的基础研究

该文探讨了城市地下空间开发利用容量评估的必要性,容量评估研究的基本内容及其关键技术。指出当前城市地下空间容量评估基础研究包括指标体系、评估模型、评估平台与评估示范四方面。城市地下空间容量评估研究不仅有利于城市地下空间的合理利用和有序开发,也有利于引导城市地面设施的合理布局与科学规划,对保障现代城市的可持续发展具有重要意义。

基于能值改进的开放系统生态足迹模型及其应用--以深圳市为例

对生态经济复合系统综合评价是实现区域可持续发展首先要面对的科学问题。针对传统生态足迹模型的系统封闭性和空间互斥性等不合理假设,利用从系统论出发并具有基于流量算法优点的能值分析理论,对传统生态足迹模型加以改进,同时将人类劳务纳入系统评价。改进后的模型仍然从供给与需求角度分析区域消费足迹与承载力,强调区域资源进出口,分析开放系统条件下区域发展状况,并将人类的作用纳入可持续发展评价范畴。以深圳市2006年发展状况为例对改进模型进行实证分析。计算结果显示:研究区域具有48.08ghm2的人均潜在生态承载力;在生物生产账户上存在3.60ghm2的人均生态赤字,需进口来弥补,而在工业产品账户上3.14ghm2的人均盈余,可供出口;具有约4.87ghm2的人均净承载力出口,为其他区域的发展做出了贡献;人力资源是深圳市可持续发展的重要保障,至少提供相当5.20ghm2的人均生态承载力;发展高新技术产业、低能耗的清洁工业,产出高能值转换率的产品,实现区域本地产品在能量系统等级的提升,是提升本地承载力的现实途径。结果表明,改进后模型突破了传统生态足迹模型偏生态的弱可持续性评价局限,成为综合反映区域生态经济发展状况的可持续性评价模型。