我国高质量教育资源供给机制创新与路径研究——来自美国“#GoOpen”计划的启示

数字化是当下教育改革的重点,也是未来教育发展的趋势。无论是作为“十四五”规划中的战略举措,还是党的二十大中提出的必然要求,构建数字化教育资源为主体的高质量教育资源体系在当下具有必要性与迫切性。美国#GoOpen计划自实施以来,在教育资源数字化、个性化、均等化三个方面均取得了一定成果。通过对该计划官方文件与政策进行解读,对其内涵与特点进行分析,我国在进行高质量教育资源建设及其供给路径探究过程中应当重视统筹规划,循序渐进,同时完善多重考核与评估机制,结合社会多方力量,保证每个学习者的享有权利,最终走向教育公平,共同发展。

Exclusive Fibula Osteosynthesis for Treating Open Fractures Gustillo I-III B of the Distal Half of the Leg Bones in a Resources-Limited Setting

Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the treatment of open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones as a therapeutic option in our context. Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, multicenter study of 30 open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones treated with exclusive fibula osteosynthesis, conducted in 3 hospitals in the DRC from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016. Results: The age range of 20 to 40 years grouped 22 (73.4%) patients, the sex ratio was 1:1 and the unemployed were the most involved with 16 (53.3%) cases. The Gustilo II, I, III B and III A types represented 40%, 33.3%, 20% and 6.7%, respectively. The fractures were located in the distal third in 12 (40%) cases, in the middle third in 11 (36.7%) cases, and in both malleoli in 7 cases (23.3%). Osteosynthesis of the fibula by screw plate was applied in 22 (73.3%) patients and pinning in 8 (26.7%). Satisfactory reduction of the tibial fracture site was achieved in 29 (96.7%) cases and 100% bone healing was achieved within an average of 10 weeks. Four (13.3%) loss of alignment, 1 (3.3%) infection, 1 (3.3%) skin necrosis and 2 (6.7%) ankle stiffness complicated our fractures. Conclusion: Exclusive osteosynthesis of the fibula as a common technique for fractures of the distal half of the leg bones allowed us to reduce, immobilize and consolidate the tibial fracture in the required time and to preserve the mobility of the ankle.

基于OpenVPX标准的异构融合处理模块软硬件协同设计研究

随着计算机软硬件技术的持续进步,机载计算平台集成的任务功能日益增多,导致平台内部的计算需求在规模和复杂性上不断攀升。面对智能化应用的迅猛增长,传统的单一处理器架构已不足以应对多样化的复杂任务。为此,基于OpenVPX标准,定义并设计了一种符合硬件开放式架构的3U异构融合处理模块,以适应多种复杂任务的需求。文中还提出了一种异构计算资源池化技术,旨在实现多类型任务应用的快速部署和高效运行,同时降低通信延迟,显著提升计算平台的处理能力和适用性。最后进行了实验验证,结果表明与多CPU架构相比,文中所设计的异构融合处理模块在执行特定神经网络算法时,处理时间缩短了约4.8倍,证明了其在性能上的显著提升。该研究成果不仅展示了异构融合处理模块在机载智能计算应用中的显著性能优势,而且为航空计算平台的未来发展提供了创新的解决方案和技术支持。

Human Rights and Social Justice through Open Educational Resources and Lifelong Learning

A landmark in the realization of UNESCO’s Sustainability Goals,Education for All(SDG4),was passed when the organization’s Recommendation of Open Educational Resources(OER)was uniformly adopted in 2019.Now it is time to transfer from the consciousness of OER to their mainstream realization at all levels,micro,meso,and macro,including all stakeholders,such as governments,institutions,academics,teachers,administrators,librarians,students,learners,and the civil service.The OER Recommendation includes five areas:building capacity and utilizing OER;developing supportive policies;ensuring effectiveness;promoting the creation of sustainable OER models;promoting and facilitating international collaboration;monitoring and evaluation.OER are valued as a catalyst for innovation and the achievement of UNESCO’s SDG 4,education for all,lifelong learning,social justice,and human rights.The OER Recommendation will be a catalyst for the realization of several other SDGs.Because access to quality OER concerns human rights and social justice,this Recommendation is vital.In 2020,the effects of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic clearly demonstrated the importance of opening up education and the access to internationally recognized,qualified learning resources.This article describes and discusses how the promise of resilient,sustainable quality open education can be fulfilled in the new normal and the next normal.

The Research on Open Sharing of Higher Education Park Based on Intelligent Security System

The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, early warning, prevention and control, disposal, etc, for security protection. It is the development trend of security system in the future, and it is also the basis for open sharing between higher education parks and universities. By using content analysis, unstructured interviews and other research methods, this paper deeply studies the feasibility and basic ideas of the construction of intelligent security system in Shahe Higher Education Park, and forms basic experience and typical practices through the project construction, which further promotes the more intelligent, standardized and scientific safety management in colleges and universities. It really provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the opening and sharing between higher education parks and universities.

Discussion on the Construction and Application of Virtual Reality-Based Curriculum Resources for Kindergarten Education

The construction of early childhood curriculum resources serves as a vital vehicle and precondition for the implementation of collective teaching activities in kindergartens.However,traditional curriculum resources based on graphic language or the linguistic descriptions of early childhood educators often fail to provide children with an immersive experience during collective teaching activities,leading to a lack of initiative and interest in learning.This paper discusses the methods for building a kindergarten curriculum resource library and,based on this foundation,employs virtual reality technology for three-dimensional modeling of the library to enrich the curriculum resources in kindergartens.Furthermore,this paper proposes to train early childhood educators in virtual reality technology to enhance their abilities to operate and utilize virtual reality equipment,which can emphasize the children’s central role in the learning process,better achieve educational goals,and improve teaching outcomes.

Digital resources for nursing education:Open courseware and massive open online courses

Open Courseware(OCW)and massive open online courses(MOOCs)are teaching and learning resources that are easily accessible to anyone with an Internet connection.OCW is digitally published learning content including full and partial courses(syllabi,outlines,lectures in pdf or video,slides,reference lists,etc.),simulations,animations,tutorials,drills and practices,modules,podcasts,case studies,and quizzes.This content is free and can be adopted or adapted to the user's needs.MOOCs are online learning experiences taught by university professors using conventional educational tools including video lectures,interactive modules,assignments,study materials,discussion boards,quizzes and tests.MOOCs are offered free or at low cost for personal and professional learning,and as a supplement to classroom teaching.Many MOOCs and OCW focus on topics of interest to nursing,particularly to nurse educators.This article provides the reader with a brief history of the development of OCW and MOOCs,conceptual descriptions,and guidance about how to access and use these new online resources.

The inequality of educational resources and its countermeasures for rural revitalization in southwest China

Equal access to education has long been a global concern and is important for rural revitalization strategy in the new era. However, little is known about the regional differences of educational resources in China, especially southwest China, where the spatial heterogeneity of human and physical geography is extremely significant. Using a dataset of primary and secondary schools of southwest China at county level in 2015, this study builds an index system to comprehensively measure the supply of educational resources, investigates the spatial pattern of educational resources via exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), and explores its influence factors through spatial econometrics. Results indicated that the supply level of educational resources in southwest China was relatively low;the high-high clusters of the supply of educational resources were mainly located in Sichuan Basin and the east of Western Sichuan Plateau, while the concentrated poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou and the border areas of Yunnan-SichuanGuizhou, especially Wumeng mountain area, were characterized by the low-low clusters. Furthermore, this study suggested that altitude, population density, local government revenue and rural residents' income were positively correlated with the supply of educational resources, while the negative influenceswere exerted by proportion of ethnic minority population and urbanization rate. And there were differences in the specific objects of actions of each factor. Ultimately, we proposed that village relocation and combination, as well as sustainable urbanization and regional development were practical paths to optimize the supply of educational resources in rural areas, thus promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside.

Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries:Part Ⅰ—The coming main streamlization of open access resources?

Open access(OA) resources are becoming a main part of scholarly information. The paper summarizes the fast growth of OA journals and OA repositories, the outstanding OA journal impact increase, the rise of mega-OA journals like PLoS ONE, the overwhelming support of research communities to open access of publicly funded research, and the quick building up of OA support structures. These forces work together to push scholarly communications toward a turning point where OA resources occupy a major and increasing share of scholarly research resources and when management of OA resources becomes a strategic, yet unfamiliar, and potentially disruptive task for research libraries. This paper is composed of two parts. The first part will focus on the development of OA resources, while the second part will analyze the challenges in management of OA resources and develop an OA resource strategy exemplified by some of NSL's initiatives.

Using the Technology Acceptance Model to Analyze the Learning Outcome of Open Education Resources

Along with the development of information and communications technology,open educational resources were widely applied in training usage.The use of these resources facilitates the access to knowledge by enabling learners to transcend time and space.In this way,learners are able to obtain new knowledge more actively and efficiently than before.Using Technology Acceptance Model(TAM)as the theoretical foundation,this study aims to explore the learning outcome of using open educational resources with the perceived convenience as the external variable.In this study,the open educational resources were defined as online courses on the Open Course Ware(OCW)and Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs),on which the learners choose courses themselves and study without the impact from people,matters,time,space,and things with the help of the Internet.To achieve the objectives of the study,the researchers conducted a survey with the participants who had already used the open educational resources.In total,124 valid samples were collected.The Partial Least Squares(PLS)statistical method was used to carry out the analysis.Overall,the model of this study has good prediction and explanatory power.After the data analysis,the study found that the perceived convenience exerts a positive impact on the use of the open educational resources.In addition,among the four TAM variables,the perceived usefulness does not exert a significant impact on the behavioral intention to use,but the other three TAM variables all have a significant impact on the behavioral intention.

Online Educational Resources Regarding Cardiovascular Prevention

This paper presents several informative and educational tools aimed to explain some mechanisms of Miocardial Infarction and Stroke, their risk factors and their prevention. Such educational and informative documents are in English and consist of texts, images, videos, animations and games. They are downloadable for free and can be used with the method considered by the teacher as most appropriate. Among the aims of the study is to provide information on the effects which some of our daily actions may have on the circulatory system. The pathological processes affecting blood vessels may start to develop during childhood or adolescence as a consequence of physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and alcohol abuse. Notoriously, unhealthy behaviours learned in early age are very likely to be continued in the adulthood. By the time they can lead to important car-diovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, raised blood sugars and lipids. Some of the documents presented in this manuscript suggest that complying with cardivascular prevention measures may also, at the same time, reduce the risk of other diseases.

Online Informative and Educational Resources on the Benefits That a Lifestyle Aimed at the Primary Prevention of Cancer May Also Provide for General Health

To find stimuli for getting young students interested in the primary prevention of cancer and a healthy lifestyle, internet resources have been searched that may motivate and facilitate this study. Teachers interested in teaching this subject can download for free and use them with the method felt as most appropriate;they consist of text, graphs, tables, images, quizzes and an interactive atlas. According to a personal experience, the use of these educational resources helps teachers in teaching and students in learning about cancer prevention. According to the World Health Organisation, cancer is a leading and growing cause of mortality with 10 and 14 million new cases worldwide respectively in 2000 and 2012. Several risk factors have been identified;if they are avoided, more than 30% of the cancers can be prevented. The five most important modifiable risk factors, among many others, are: smoking, alcohol, overweight, physical inactivity, low consumption of vegetables and fruit. Cancer may also have genetic causes or be related to certain infections that are more common in some areas than in others. According to several documents also quoted in this article, numerous behaviours that reduce cancer risk may, at the same time, help to prevent other important diseases. Some of the documents quoted here show the very great difference in cancer incidence and mortality rates often existing between different geographic areas. For example, prostate cancer incidence per 100,000 persons per year is 104.4 in New Zealand, and 3.9 in Chennai, India. Many studies found an increase over time in the incidence of certain cancer types in people that move from countries where their risk is low to countries where their risk is high, thus suggesting the important role of environmental changes and lifestyle. As an example of this, the risk of breast cancer among Hispanic women migrating to US increases with the duration of residence in the immigration country, and becomes up to 4 - 6 times higher after 3 or more generations. This provides an example of what can happen in transitioning countries as a consequence of some lifestyle changes, unless measures are taken.

An analysis on domestic users' awareness towards Open Access resources:A case study of university users in Nanjing

Based on a survey of university teachers and students in Nanjing area of 2007,this article analyzes domestic users' awareness towards Open Access(OA),and the changes by comparing the corresponding data of 2006.The survey shows that the research evaluation system,the quality of literature and the payment for OA publications are the important factors for university users to choose OA or not.The authors finally suggest that the current research evaluation system should be reformed to accommodate OA journals.Meanwhile,great efforts should be devoted to improve the quality of OA literatures,and the governments and research institutions should provide stronger support than before.

数智技术赋能开放教育再开放

在数智技术赋能下,开放教育生态系统正在经历持久性、动态性的演变。然而,关于其最终将演变成何种形态,目前仍存在不确定性与模糊性。本研究从技能本位的学习范式视角出发,探讨了开放教育在数智技术赋能下的革新过程,从目的观、教学观、学习观、空间观、评价观五个方面阐述了数智时代的开放教育观并构建了一个开放教育生态系统框架,涵盖开放学习文化、开放教育资源、开放教学法、开放学习法、开放学习空间、技能本位的开放评估机制等,旨在为开放教育数字化转型提供理论架构,支撑转型中的决策与实践,并呼吁开放教育走向“再开放”。

Spatial Pattern of Compulsory Education Resources in Shijingshan District of Beijing under the Background of Big Data

With the continuous development of promoting high-quality and balanced basic education and the continuous advancement of research on spatial layout of school,it aims to ensure that the public enjoys educational resources fairly.Based on 63 items of POI data of primary and secondary schools in Shijingshan District,Beijing,this study analyzes the spatial layout,degree supply,and coverage of primary and secondary schools in Shijingshan District using three spatial analysis methods:ArcGIS average nearest neighbor,kernel density analysis,and standard deviation ellipse.The results show that the spatial layout of primary and secondary schools in Shijingshan District,Beijing is characterized by overall clustering:the central region is high-density distribution,while the eastern and western parts are scattered.Moreover,this spatial structure continues to develop along the northwest-southeast direction.Although the high-density population areas in the nine streets correspond to the high-density distribution of schools,the service scope of primary and secondary schools does not cover all residential areas,and the distribution of residential areas within the coverage range is uneven.At the same time,the actual degree supply in Shijingshan District is insufficient.

CAS center for water resources opens in Beijing

The CAS Water Resources Research Center (WRRC) has recently been established in Beijing. Its opening ceremony was held on 3 December, 2006, at

欧盟社会性科学议题开放教学资源的设计与应用——以ENGAGE科学教育项目为例

创新驱动发展是21世纪科学教育面临的重要挑战之一。欧洲教育委员会在“负责任的研究与创新”的价值引领下,开展了一系列基于社会性科学议题教学的相关项目研究,其中ENGAGE项目的影响力最为深远,该项目聚焦6-8年级阶段学生认知,开发了覆盖物理、化学、地理和生物等领域的30个教学案例,结合5E教学模式,关注多维目标整合;重视负责任的科学研究与创新,基于探究实践、论证推理等科学实践活动组织教学内容;在评价上注重学生学习过程的评价。针对我国科学教育义务教育阶段课程标准的要求,在开发社会性科学议题教学资源时需锚定新兴领域,主题筛选聚焦社会性科学议题内涵特征;围绕课程需要制定教学目标,关注大概念和多维探究技能融合;要基于学生认知规律和科学探究组织灵活性、可行性的教学内容;实时做好追踪记录,侧重学生的学习过程评价。同时在借鉴国外开放教学资源时,要根据本土实际作出适合与我国社会主义核心价值体系相一致的调整,有选择性地筛选并能结合本土案例的适宜主题,围绕课程和教学要求制定教学目标和教学策略,合理规划教学实践活动并及时反思改进教学案例。

数字化铀矿勘查服务平台数据资源共享与安全策略

随着“数字核工业”建设的全面铺开,数据资源成为铀矿地质勘查业务中不可或缺的核心生产要素。核工业北京地质研究院基于开源软件架构,研发了基于统一架构、研产一体的“数字化铀矿勘查服务平台”,该平台是基于各类实用型软件功能和丰富的勘查数据资源开展数据共享与应用,在铀矿地质勘查工作中提高勘查效率和准确性的一种服务型软件系统。为了满足铀矿地质勘查不同类型的数据及服务需求,建立了一套较为健全的数据资源和服务体系,提供了一批基础地质、铀矿勘查物化探等相关数据资源,并严格划分数据权限和用户权限,实现根据数据所有权划分审批权限的功能。同时,在国家网络安全和信息安全的要求下,开展了数据安全策略研究,以保障平台安全稳定运行。面向四代勘查项目,面向铀矿地质勘查领域,初步构建了“快速存储、方便查询、灵活调用、共享发布、动态更新、分析应用”的数据资源管理、共享和应用服务平台。

从MOOC到IMOOC再到OMC:数字时代的课堂革命

随着数字技术的飞速发展及其与高等教育的深度融合,“互联网+教育”“人工智能+教育”“元宇宙+教育”等高等教育数字化新形态应运而生。数字技术革命带动着高等教育的改革与创新发展,也改变着大学课程与课堂教学。我国慕课发展的十年历程中,慕课作为“互联网+教育”的产物,在促进教育公平和推动高等教育数字化转型,尤其是新冠疫情防控期间的在线教学中发挥重要作用。在教育数字化转型阶段及中国慕课发展十年之际,研判慕课未来的发展趋势:在人工智能、元宇宙、数字孪生、全息成像等技术支持下,慕课将逐步发展到智能化交互式虚拟慕课(IMOOC),再到开放式元宇宙课(OMC)的新形态与新阶段。据此,描述智能化交互式虚拟慕课的概念及其智能化、交互式、虚拟化、体验性等特点,展示其场景教学示例;提出开放式元宇宙课的概念与沉浸感、虚拟化、交互式、跨时空等特点,阐述元宇宙教育服务空间,并展现相关的元宇宙教室与教学场景。在此基础上,对智能化交互式虚拟慕课与开放式元宇宙课程面临的挑战进行思考和展望。可以预见,“人工智能+元宇宙+服务+教育”将在改变高等教育教与学的方式上提供无限的可能,未来“元宇宙+智慧教育+服务”必将在教育数字化转型中发挥重要作用。

教育数字化赋能乡村教育现代化:应为、难为与可为

在教育数字化转型背景下,加快推进乡村教育数字化转型,不仅是落实国家教育数字化战略的内在要求,也是实现乡村教育现代化的必然选择。扩大优质教育资源覆盖面、优化教研与培训服务供给、推动乡土文化的交流与传播是教育数字化赋能乡村教育现代化的应为之路。但同时也存在平台建设缺乏本土化内容、教师数字化能力亟待提升、数字化教育资源供需错位的难为之境。基于此,依托数字技术共建共享在地化教育资源,发展学校办学特色;构建“任务驱动”培训体系,提高乡村教师数字化素养;推动多元主体互动,强化外来教育信息资源供准。