Comparative Experiment of Ground Cucumber Varieties for Open Field Cultivation

Seven ground cucumber varieties were cultivated in open field for the comparative experiment. The results showed that Texuan cucumber and Yantai ground cucumber had good commodity characters,good taste and high yield,and their output value exceeded 16 000 yuan/666. 7 m2,so they are more suitable for open cultivation in Yantai region. The next ones are Meiyu Diguawang and Aweishi ground cucumber.

Comparison of Cold Tolerance in Three Ground-cover Chrysanthemum Cultivars during Wintering in the Open Field

[Objectives]Among many chrysanthemum types,the ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivar group has the characteristics of dwarf plant,long flowering period,rich color and strong resistance to stress.This study aimed to screen out cultivars with strong cold tolerance in order that they can be used for planting in urban green space and economic forests in northern cold areas,so as to enrich the plant community structures of landscape in cold regions.[Methods]Three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars,i.e.,‘Meiaihuang’,‘Xinhong’and‘Zixunzhang’,were selected as the experimental materials.During the wintering period in the field in Beijing,they were observed and measured for the changes of the morphological manifestations and the physiological indices,and the relationship between the indices and low temperature was analyzed.The cold tolerance of the three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars was also comprehensively evaluated.[Results]During the open-field overwintering period,the root activity of the three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars increased slowly with cooling,decreased at the freezing low temperature,and then increased again in early spring.With natural cooling,the membrane injury percentages(MIPs)of the leaves and foot shoots increased significantly,and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)increased;the contents of soluble sugar(SS)and proline(Pro)gradually accumulated,and the contents of SS and Pro in foot shoots increased significantly in late winter;and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity showed a similar trend of rising slowly at first and then increasing significantly.There were correlations between MIPs in the leaves and foot shoots of the three cultivars and other physiological indices:a significant negative correlation with MDA content,and a significant positive correlation with SS content,Pro content and SOD activity.[Conclusions]Combining the morphological manifestations and physiological indices,the cold tolerance of the three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars was evaluated by the subordinate function method.The results showed that the cold tolerance of the three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars ranked as‘Meiaihuang’>‘Xinhong’>‘Zixunzhang’.The strong cold tolerance of foot shoots and roots was the main reason that the three ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivars could overwinter in the open field.

宁心解郁胶囊对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠Open-Field行为的影响

[目的]探讨宁心解郁胶囊的抗抑郁作用及可能的机制。[方法]以孤养加慢性轻度不可预见性应激方法建立大鼠抑郁模型,用Open-Field方法进行行为学评定,观察模型大鼠给药前后的行为学变化。[结果]经过孤养加慢性轻度不可预见性应激方法造模后的大鼠,Open-Field行为学评定中模型组大鼠的总路程、平均速度、中央活动路程、中央活动时间、各角的活动路程和时间均较空白组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗后大鼠的总活动路程、平均速度、中央活动时间、中央活动路程、下边活动路程、下边活动时间、各角的活动路程和时间均较模型组有统计学差异(P<0.05),活动路程较模型组增加,活动时间较模型组增加,且以中剂量组效果显著。[结论]宁心解郁胶囊具有抗抑郁作用,对大鼠抑郁行为有明显改善。

Life cycle assessment of open field and greenhouse cultivation of lettuce and barley

In the present paper,a life cycle assessment(LCA)study regarding barley and lettuce production in Spain(Barrax and Santomera regions)and Italy(Albenga region)in both open field(OF)and standard greenhouse(GH)cultivations was performed in order to evaluate energy consumption and environmental impacts.The study examines also the impact of the use of compost produced from agricultural wastes(AW).In this context,a detailed life cycle directory was created,based on site-specific experimental data,and used for a holistic cradle-to-gate LCA analysis using the GaBi 6 software package and specific related databases.In order to reveal the importance of system boundaries,factors that are often excluded from LCA studies,such as agricultural machinery manufacture,nursery production,waste management and raw materials transportation have been considered.According to the results of this study,the use of compost for fertilization of both crops is considered a good agronomic and ecological strategy in order to maintain productivity in terms of yield,especially in the case of greenhouse cultivation,and improve overall sustainability in the agricultural sector.Moreover,the phases of compost production,irrigation system,and greenhouse construction and operation were identified as the three main‘‘hotspots”with the highest environmental impact and energy contribution in all studied cases.Finally,improvements to reduce those impacts were proposed.

Suitability of open-field autorefractors as pupillometers and instrument design effects

AIM：To determine the agreement and repeatability of the pupil measurement obtained with VIP-200（Neuroptics）,Power Ref II（Plusoptix）,WAM-5500（Grand Seiko） and study the effects of instrument design on pupillometry.METHODS：Forty patients were measured twice in low,mid and high mesopic.Repeatability was analyzed with the within-subject standard deviation（Sw） and paired t-tests.Agreement was studied with Bland-Altman plots and repeated measures ANOVA.Instrument design analysis consisted on measuring pupil size with Power Ref II simulating monocular and binocular conditions as well as with proximity cues and without proximity cues.RESULTS：The mean difference（±standard deviation） between test-retest for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.09（±0.16）,-0.05（±0.18） and-0.08（±0.23） mm for Neuroptics,-0.05（±0.17）,-0.12（±0.23） and-0.17（±0.34） mm for WAM-5500,-0.04（±0.27）,-0.13（±0.37） and-0.11（±0.28） mm for Power Ref II.Regarding agreement with Neuroptics,the mean difference for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.48（±0.35）,-0.83（±0.52） and-0.38（±0.56） mm for WAM-5500,-0.28（±0.56）,-0.70（±0.55） and-0.61（±0.54） mm for Power Ref II.The mean difference of binocular minus monocular pupil measurements was：-0.83（±0.87） mm;and with proximity cues minus without proximity cues was：-0.30（±0.77） mm.CONCLUSION：All the instruments show similar repeatability.In all illumination conditions,agreement of Neuroptics with WAM-5500 and Power Ref II is not good enough,which can be partially induced due to their open field design.

Positions Open in the Field of Plasma and Fusion

Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), one of the most important laboratories on magnetically confined fusion in China and the Nuclear Fusion Research Center of the World Laboratory, is searching for 5 senior and 10 junior scientists of plasma and fusion in the following superconducting tokamak research areas: theory and simulation, diverter and edge physics, plasma diagnostics, electron cyclotron resonant heating, ion cyclotron resonant heating, lower hybrid wave, neutral beam injection, reactor design, fusion material, superconducting engineering.

Positions Open in the Field of Plasma and Fusion

Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), one of the most important laboratories on magnetically confined fusion in China and the Nuclear Fusion Research Center of the World Laboratory, is searching for 5 senior and 10 junior scientists of plasma and fusion in the following superconducting tokamak research areas: theory and simulation, diverter and edge physics, plasma diagnostics, electron cyclotron resonant heating, ion cyclotron resonant heating, lower hybrid wave, neutral beam injection, reactor design, fusion material, superconducting engineering.

Positions Open in the Field of Plasma and Fusion

Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), one of the most important Laboratories on magnetically confined fusion in China and the Nuclear Fusion Research Center of the World Laboratory, is searching for 5 senior and 10 junior scientists of plasma and fusion in the following superconducting tokamak research areas: theory and simulation, diverter and edge physics, plasma diagnostics, electron cyclotron resonant heating, ion cyclotron resonant heating, lower hybrid wave, neutral beam injection, reactor design, fusion material, superconducting engineering.

Experimental Measurement of Minority Carriers Effective Lifetime in Silicon Solar Cell Using Open Circuit Voltage Decay under Magnetic Field in Transient Mode

This manuscript presents a simple method for excess minority carriers’ lifetime measurement within the base region of p-n junction polycrystalline solar cell in transient mode. This work is an experimental transient 3-Dimensionnal study. The magnitude of the magnetic field B is varied from 0 mT to 0.045 mT. Indeed, the solar cell is illuminated by a stroboscopic flash with air mass 1.5 and under magnetic field in transient state. The experimental details are assumed in a figure. The procedure is outlined by the Open Circuit Voltage Decay analysis. Effective minority carrier life-time is calculated by fitting the linear zone of the transient voltage decay curve because linear decay is an ideal decay. The kaleidagraph software permits access to the slope of the curve which is inversely proportional to the lifetime. The external magnetic effects on minority carriers’ effective lifetime is then presented and analyzed. The analysis shows that the charge carrier’s effective lifetime decrease with the magnetic field increase.

Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width and visual field loss in glaucoma:a broken stick analysis

AIM：To determine the Bruch＇s membrane opening-minimum rim width（BMO-MRW） tipping point where corresponding visual field（VF） damages become detectable.METHODS：A total of 85 normal subjects and 83 glaucoma patients（one eye per participant） were recruited for the study.All of the patients had VF examinations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure the BMO-MRW.Total deviation values for 52 VF points were allocated to the corresponding sector according to the Garway-Heath distribution map.To evaluate the relationship between VF loss and BMOMRW measurements,a ＂broken-stick＂ statistical model was used.The tipping point where the VF values started to sharply decrease as a function of BMO-MRW measurements was estimated and the slopes above and below this tipping point were compared.RESULTS：A 25.9% global BMO-MRW loss from normative value was required for the VF loss to be detectable.Sectorally,substantial BMO-MRW thinning in inferotemporal sector（33.1%） and relatively less BMO-MRW thinning in the superotemporal sector（8.9%） were necessary for the detection of the VF loss.Beyond the tipping point,the slopes were close to zero throughout all of the sectors and the VF loss was unrelated to the BMO-MRW loss.The VF loss was related to the BMO-MRW loss below the tipping point.The difference between the two slopes was statistically significant（P≤0.002）.CONCLUSION：Substantial BMO-MRW loss appears to be necessary for VF loss to be detectable in patients with open angle glaucoma with standard achromatic perimetry.

半夏泻心汤对功能性消化不良大鼠抑郁状态及促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子相关通路的影响

目的:观察半夏泻心汤对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠抑郁样行为、下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)及其受体CRF-R1、CRF-R2的影响。方法:48只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、氟西汀组、半夏泻心汤低、中、高剂量组,共六组,每组各8只。空白组正常饲养,其余五组采用不规则喂养+夹尾激惹刺激法造模,造模成功后半夏泻心汤低、中、高各剂量组分别给予0.62、1.24、2.48 g/ml剂量灌胃,氟西汀组给予2 mg/kg氟西汀,空白组及模型组均给予同等容积的蒸馏水,各组连续灌胃14 d。干预结束后采用糖水偏好实验和旷场实验测试各组抑郁样行为;HE染色观察大鼠胃窦组织基本形态;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测大鼠下丘脑中CRF、CRF-R1和CRF-R2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体重、糖水偏好度、旷场实验移动总距离和直立次数均明显下降(P<0.05);下丘脑中CRF、CRF-R1 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显升高(P<0.01),CRF-R2 mRNA和蛋白的表达均明显降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,半夏泻心汤各剂量组大鼠的体重、糖水偏好度、旷场实验移动总距离和直立次数均明显增加(P<0.05);半夏泻心汤各剂量组FD大鼠下丘脑中CRF、CRF-R1 mRNA的表达量均明显降低(P<0.01),CRF-R2 mRNA的表达明显升高;半夏泻心汤高剂量组FD大鼠下丘脑中CRF蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.01),半夏泻心汤各剂量组FD大鼠下丘脑中CRF-R1蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01),CRF-R2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:半夏泻心汤可通过调控CRF通路,恢复CRF-R1和CRF-R2的平衡状态,发挥抗抑郁的作用。

数据要素在医疗健康领域的内涵、价值与应用

十七部门联合发布的《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》引发了社会的广泛关注。本文首先探讨医疗健康领域数据要素的本质、分类及其重要性。在此基础上,提出促进医疗健康数据融合创新的关键策略,包括通过技术赋能医疗健康数据的采集,推动医疗健康数据的整合与标准化工作,促进医疗健康数据的开放和共享,以及加强对医疗健康数据的安全保护。

外场气流场前端测量误差统计方法探讨

外场测试的随机性和有效性需要适用的统计方法进行观察,外场气流场测试通常用于舰船等平台稳定运行时的气流场特性研究,为明确每个测试工况的初始条件,需要对平台的前端流场进行测量,作为对应工况的参考性输入。首先,对测量误差典型方法进行对比,然后利用超声波风速仪作为测试工具,借鉴气象计量的相关标准,提出了外场气流场前端测量误差参数统计的方法,模拟了舰船外场气流场测试的3个典型工况并进行数据采集,对测量数据误差进行处理分析,置信概率大于50%,初步验证了该方法的有效性。

百合地黄汤对抑郁症大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:探究百合地黄汤对抑郁症大鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法:采用孤养和慢性不可预知性温和应激刺激制备大鼠抑郁症模型,经百合地黄汤给药后,采用糖水偏好试验和旷场试验进行药效学评价,并对大鼠的结肠进行病理学检测;收集大鼠粪便,应用16S rRNA高通量测序技术对大鼠肠道菌群多样性进行分析,并进行功能预测。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量明显降低;给药后,各剂量组大鼠体质量均有增加的趋势。糖水偏好实验结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠糖水偏爱度明显减弱(P<0.01);给药后,各剂量组糖水偏爱度均有增强的趋势,且中剂量组和低剂量组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在旷场实验中,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠自主活动显著减弱(P<0.01);给药后,各剂量组大鼠自主活动均有增强的趋势,且低剂量组与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。病理结果显示,模型组大鼠结肠黏膜遭到破坏,经百合地黄汤给药后,各给药组结肠黏膜损伤均有不同程度的恢复。在菌群多样性方面,经百合地黄汤治疗后,在门水平上,厚壁菌门的丰度明显增加,拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门及蓝藻门的丰度明显降低,其中变形菌门和蓝藻门改变具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在属水平上,降低了norank_f__Muribaculaceae、瘤胃球菌属及粪球菌属等菌属的丰度,升高了乳酸菌属、罗姆布茨菌属、Turicibacter及芽孢杆菌属等菌属的丰度,其中norank_f__Muribaculaceae、罗姆布茨菌属、Turicibacter、norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group、Prevotellaceae_UCG-001及Prevotellaceae_UCG-001的改变有统计学意义(P<0.05)。京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)功能预测显示,差异菌群的功能与氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、神经系统以及神经退行性疾病等相关。结论:百合地黄汤能够调节抑郁症大鼠的肠道菌群进而改善抑郁症大鼠的抑郁样行为。

丘脑连接核通过内侧内嗅皮层调控空间记忆初步研究

目的 初步探究丘脑连接核(thalamic nucleus reuniens, RE)调控内侧内嗅皮层(medial entorhinal cortex, MEC)相关的空间记忆及机制。方法 Retrobeads介导的逆行示踪技术结合顺行示踪技术鉴定RE与MEC脑区之间的形态学联系。利用光纤记录技术,记录并分析小鼠在空旷场探索时投射至MEC的RE神经元的活动特征。采用化学遗传学抑制RE-MEC通路探究对空间记忆的影响。结果 逆行与顺行示踪实验验证了RE发出神经纤维投射至MEC,且主要分布在浅层。光纤记录实验发现投射至MEC的RE神经元在小鼠在站立、抬头行为时活动增强,而在静止和理毛时活动减弱(P<0.01),且这群神经元的钙活动与小鼠运动速度呈正相关(R^(2)=0.077 3,P<0.001)。与对照组比较,化学遗传学抑制RE-MEC通路明显增加处理组小鼠在空旷场中探索的路程(P<0.01),而对中央区的停留时间、刻板理毛行为次数无影响。结论 RE-MEC通路在空间探索行为期间激活,参与空间学习记忆;抑制RE-MEC通路损害小鼠的空间记忆,延长小鼠对新环境空间信息进行表征的探索距离,而对小鼠的情绪无影响。

磷肥减量与有机替代对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的影响

为制定长期高氮高磷投入背景下浙江省露地辣椒产区减肥增效方案,本研究采用田间试验探究了化学磷肥减量与有机肥替代对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的影响。试验以“萧新系列”辣椒为材料,设置5个处理:不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、化学磷肥减量30%(OF)、化学磷肥减量30%+有机肥替代15%化肥氮(OF-15N)、化学磷肥减量30%+有机肥替代30%化肥氮(OF-30N)。结果表明:OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理较CF处理产量分别提高3.20%、14.59%和12.21%,扣除肥料成本的效益分别提高3.37%、15.21%和12.84%;与CF处理相比,OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理辣椒糖酸比提高0.50~2.28,改善辣椒可溶性糖、糖酸比等营养品质指标,尤其在提高钙、镁、铁、锌等中微量元素含量方面效果显著,且OF-15N和OF-30N处理产量品质提升效果优于OF处理;相较于CF处理,OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理的土壤pH值、土壤有机质和全氮均有不同程度的提升,而土壤有效磷供应水平并未显著下降;与试验前相比,OF、CF和CK处理土壤综合肥力指数值(IFI)有所下降,而OF-15N和OF-30N处理的IFI均有所提升,且OF-30N处理的提升效果优于OF-15N处理。综合来看,在化学磷肥减量30%的基础上,通过有机肥替代30%化肥氮处理对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的提升效果显著,可作为露地辣椒的减肥增效方案。

氯氰菊酯在黄瓜中的残留消解特性研究

为了分析有机氯农药残留沉积量受栽培条件和气候微环境影响造成的差异,采用随机区组试验方法,研究探讨了4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1600、800倍液在日光温室和露地条件下黄瓜中的残留消解特性。结果表明,在露地和日光温室栽培黄瓜上茎叶喷布4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1600、800倍液后,初始沉积量差异较大,剂量越大初始沉积量越高。露地喷药5 d和7 d后、日光温室喷药5 d后的残留量均降低到GB2763—2012规定的MRL值以下,符合7 d安全间隔期标准,符合蔬菜质量安全标准。2种剂量喷洒后残留量降解到最大限量标准值所需要的时间分别为露地栽培3.8 d和4.7 d,日光温室3.0 d和4.2 d。可见,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1600、800倍液均可在蔬菜上应用。

短期大量摄入酒精对树鼩行为学及运动机能的影响

目的:探讨短期大量摄入酒精对树鼩行为学及运动机能的影响,为后续神经科学研究奠定基础。方法:用不同体积的50%乙醇溶液构建树鼩酒精暴饮模型。将20只雄性滇西树鼩随机分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组与高剂量组,每组5只。采用旷场试验、步态分析试验综合评价树鼩饮酒前后的行为学基本特征,比较3个剂量组的运动总距离、平均速度、最高速度、穿越中央区次数以及步态线性度Δα、交替系数β、步长规律系数σ。结果:旷场试验显示,与对照组相比,中、高剂量组的运动总距离、平均速度、最高速度均显著降低(均P<0.01),3个剂量组树鼩穿越中央区次数均显著减少(均P<0.01),且高剂量组的变化最为明显。步态分析显示,与对照组相比,中、高剂量组树鼩的步态线性度Δα均显著升高(均P<0.01),3个剂量组的交替系数β、步长规律系数σ均显著升高(均P<0.01),且高剂量组升高最为明显。结论:树鼩短期大量摄入酒精对其身体产生明显的镇静作用,表现为探索欲望降低,步态紊乱,甚至共济失调。

改进残差网络的逆变器开路电路故障诊断

针对传统三相电压源逆变器开路故障诊断方法存在准确率低和鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种用于故障诊断的改进二维卷积神经网络优化方法.该方法首先引入一种新的数据预处理方式,通过马尔可夫变迁场(MTF)将原始时域电压信号数据转换成二维灰度图像,有效保留特征的时空关系;其次,提出采用并行注意力机制对卷积神经网络ResNet18特征提取层提取的特征分别进行通道和空间特征筛选,并完成有效特征融合;最后,融合的特征经ResNet18全连接层和输出层得到故障分类结果.实验结果表明,所提出的改进故障诊断方法能将诊断精度提升至99.80%;在不同噪声条件下均能保持90%以上的分类准确性,验证该方法可有效提高逆变器开路故障诊断性能和鲁棒性.