According to the investigations of window opening percentage (WOP) of Shanghai in 2011, the WOP varies significantly from season to season and thus affects the air flow rate of natural ventilation rooms. A three-dimen...According to the investigations of window opening percentage (WOP) of Shanghai in 2011, the WOP varies significantly from season to season and thus affects the air flow rate of natural ventilation rooms. A three-dimensional computional fluid dynamic(CFD) model was applied to simulating the flow fields in a street canyon under different wind speed and WOP. The numerical simulations show that WOP has a significant influence on the static pressure distribution of the downwind building. Therefore, a correction factor k can be used for calculating the flow rate of wind-driven natural ventilation. The results show that k ranges from 0.43 to 0.49 when WOP is 4.44%; when WOP increases to 9.78%, the correction factor k lies in 0.32 and 0.36.展开更多
This paper addresses the open vehicle routing problem with time window(OVRPTW), where each vehicle does not need to return to the depot after completing the delivery task.The optimization objective is to minimize the ...This paper addresses the open vehicle routing problem with time window(OVRPTW), where each vehicle does not need to return to the depot after completing the delivery task.The optimization objective is to minimize the total distance. This problem exists widely in real-life logistics distribution process.We propose a hybrid column generation algorithm(HCGA) for the OVRPTW, embedding both exact algorithm and metaheuristic. In HCGA, a label setting algorithm and an intelligent algorithm are designed to select columns from small and large subproblems, respectively. Moreover, a branch strategy is devised to generate the final feasible solution for the OVRPTW. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm has faster speed and can obtain the approximate optimal solution of the problem with 100 customers in a reasonable time.展开更多
Window opening operations are considered as one of the significant way of regulating indoor climate and maintaining thermal comfort in buildings,even when alternative active devices such as fans and air conditioners a...Window opening operations are considered as one of the significant way of regulating indoor climate and maintaining thermal comfort in buildings,even when alternative active devices such as fans and air conditioners are available.This study investigates responses of occupants of the traditional core areas of Ibadan and Ogbomoso to thermal comfort conditions(thermal stress)through window opening behaviours.Climatic data of the two cities were subjected to Evans scale to predict their day and night thermal stress and questionnaires were administered to know how occupants respond to changing thermal conditions through window opening behaviours.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing the data.The study found the morning periods to be the most comfortable,the afternoon periods offer the most hot discomfort condition and cold discomfort is mostly experienced in the evening periods in both cities.Findings revealed that majority of occupants in both cities prefer to keep their windows opened in the morning and afternoon periods and an increase was observed in the numbers of occupants who prefer to keep their windows closed in the evening periods.This is an indication that building occupants in both cities actively respond to thermal stress using window opening operations.Results obtained from chi square analysis concluded that there is a significant relationship between occupants’window opening behaviour and thermal conditions at different periods of the day in both cities.Recommendations were given on how to improve on window opening systems in the future.展开更多
目前主流工业机器人为封闭式控制结构,存在不开源、二次开发难的问题,因此设计一种基于TwinCAT3(the windows control and automation technology)的跨平台、可移植性好的机器人控制系统架构。该架构包含视觉、运动控制和算法集成与仿...目前主流工业机器人为封闭式控制结构,存在不开源、二次开发难的问题,因此设计一种基于TwinCAT3(the windows control and automation technology)的跨平台、可移植性好的机器人控制系统架构。该架构包含视觉、运动控制和算法集成与仿真控制模块,采用倍福自动化设备规范(automation device specification,ADS)通信技术和实时工业以太网总线技术(ethernet for control automation technology,EtherCAT),建立以计算机(personal computer,PC)和倍福控制器为EtherCAT主站,控制多组从站执行器的一主多从工作模式。该模式结合离线与在线控制、集成数字孪生技术,完成虚拟样机与物理样机的联动;采用开源可扩展架构,便于视觉算法、智能算法等算法集成。经实验验证,此架构具有拓展性好、实时性强的特点。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51278094)
文摘According to the investigations of window opening percentage (WOP) of Shanghai in 2011, the WOP varies significantly from season to season and thus affects the air flow rate of natural ventilation rooms. A three-dimensional computional fluid dynamic(CFD) model was applied to simulating the flow fields in a street canyon under different wind speed and WOP. The numerical simulations show that WOP has a significant influence on the static pressure distribution of the downwind building. Therefore, a correction factor k can be used for calculating the flow rate of wind-driven natural ventilation. The results show that k ranges from 0.43 to 0.49 when WOP is 4.44%; when WOP increases to 9.78%, the correction factor k lies in 0.32 and 0.36.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61963022,51665025,61873328)。
文摘This paper addresses the open vehicle routing problem with time window(OVRPTW), where each vehicle does not need to return to the depot after completing the delivery task.The optimization objective is to minimize the total distance. This problem exists widely in real-life logistics distribution process.We propose a hybrid column generation algorithm(HCGA) for the OVRPTW, embedding both exact algorithm and metaheuristic. In HCGA, a label setting algorithm and an intelligent algorithm are designed to select columns from small and large subproblems, respectively. Moreover, a branch strategy is devised to generate the final feasible solution for the OVRPTW. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm has faster speed and can obtain the approximate optimal solution of the problem with 100 customers in a reasonable time.
文摘Window opening operations are considered as one of the significant way of regulating indoor climate and maintaining thermal comfort in buildings,even when alternative active devices such as fans and air conditioners are available.This study investigates responses of occupants of the traditional core areas of Ibadan and Ogbomoso to thermal comfort conditions(thermal stress)through window opening behaviours.Climatic data of the two cities were subjected to Evans scale to predict their day and night thermal stress and questionnaires were administered to know how occupants respond to changing thermal conditions through window opening behaviours.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing the data.The study found the morning periods to be the most comfortable,the afternoon periods offer the most hot discomfort condition and cold discomfort is mostly experienced in the evening periods in both cities.Findings revealed that majority of occupants in both cities prefer to keep their windows opened in the morning and afternoon periods and an increase was observed in the numbers of occupants who prefer to keep their windows closed in the evening periods.This is an indication that building occupants in both cities actively respond to thermal stress using window opening operations.Results obtained from chi square analysis concluded that there is a significant relationship between occupants’window opening behaviour and thermal conditions at different periods of the day in both cities.Recommendations were given on how to improve on window opening systems in the future.
文摘目前主流工业机器人为封闭式控制结构,存在不开源、二次开发难的问题,因此设计一种基于TwinCAT3(the windows control and automation technology)的跨平台、可移植性好的机器人控制系统架构。该架构包含视觉、运动控制和算法集成与仿真控制模块,采用倍福自动化设备规范(automation device specification,ADS)通信技术和实时工业以太网总线技术(ethernet for control automation technology,EtherCAT),建立以计算机(personal computer,PC)和倍福控制器为EtherCAT主站,控制多组从站执行器的一主多从工作模式。该模式结合离线与在线控制、集成数字孪生技术,完成虚拟样机与物理样机的联动;采用开源可扩展架构,便于视觉算法、智能算法等算法集成。经实验验证,此架构具有拓展性好、实时性强的特点。
