Influence of the initial opening speed on the characteristics of drawn vacuum arcs for axial magnetic field （AMF） vacuum interrupters （VIs） is studied using a high-speed charge- coupled device （CCD） camera. Two ...Influence of the initial opening speed on the characteristics of drawn vacuum arcs for axial magnetic field （AMF） vacuum interrupters （VIs） is studied using a high-speed charge- coupled device （CCD） camera. Two values of initial opening speed, 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s, were set to make a comparative study. The cup-type electrode was made of Cu-Cr （50%-50% in weight） with a diameter of 30 mm and a gap distance between electrodes of 10 mm. The results show that the transition time decreases by 0.5 ms when the initial opening speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s at a peak current of 2.5 kA, while the transition time decreases by 1.0 ms when the initial opening speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s at a peak current of 5.0 kA. The reason why the duration of the transition arc mode decreases is that the effect of electromagnetic force and Coulomb force among arcs is increased when the initial opening speed increases.展开更多
The effect of vegetation on the flow structure and the dispersion in a 180 o curved open channel is studied. The Micro ADV is used to measure the flow velocities both in the vegetation cases and the non-vegetation cas...The effect of vegetation on the flow structure and the dispersion in a 180 o curved open channel is studied. The Micro ADV is used to measure the flow velocities both in the vegetation cases and the non-vegetation case. It is shown that the velocities in the vegetation area are much smaller than those in the non-vegetation area and a large velocity gradient is generated between the vegetation area and the non-vegetation area. The transverse and longitudinal dispersion coefficients are analyzed based on the experimental data by using the modified N- zone models. It is shown that the effect of the vegetation on the transverse dispersion coefficient is small, involving only changes of a small magnitude, however, since the primary velocities become much more inhomogeneous with the presence of the vegetation, the longitudinal dispersion coefficients are much larger than those in the non-vegetation case.展开更多
The presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions. Similarities are observed between a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity for a compressible flow.The type of cavity flow field d...The presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions. Similarities are observed between a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity for a compressible flow.The type of cavity flow field depends on the diameter-to-depth ratio and the length-to-depth ratio.The feedback loop is responsible for the generation of discrete acoustic tones. In this study, the selfsustained oscillation for a compressible cylindrical cavity flow was investigated experimentally. For open-type cavities, the power spectra show that the strength of resonance depends on the diameterto-depth ratio（4.43–43.0） and the incoming boundary layer thickness-to-depth ratio（0.72–7.0）. The effective streamwise length is used as the characteristic length to estimate the Strouhal number. At higher modes, there is a large deviation from Rossiter＇s formula for rectangular cavities. The gradient-based searching method was used to evaluate the values of the empirical parameters. Less phase lag and a lower convection velocity are observed.展开更多
文摘Influence of the initial opening speed on the characteristics of drawn vacuum arcs for axial magnetic field （AMF） vacuum interrupters （VIs） is studied using a high-speed charge- coupled device （CCD） camera. Two values of initial opening speed, 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s, were set to make a comparative study. The cup-type electrode was made of Cu-Cr （50%-50% in weight） with a diameter of 30 mm and a gap distance between electrodes of 10 mm. The results show that the transition time decreases by 0.5 ms when the initial opening speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s at a peak current of 2.5 kA, while the transition time decreases by 1.0 ms when the initial opening speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s at a peak current of 5.0 kA. The reason why the duration of the transition arc mode decreases is that the effect of electromagnetic force and Coulomb force among arcs is increased when the initial opening speed increases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51479007,11172218 and 11372232)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20130141110016)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(Grant No.2012206020204)
文摘The effect of vegetation on the flow structure and the dispersion in a 180 o curved open channel is studied. The Micro ADV is used to measure the flow velocities both in the vegetation cases and the non-vegetation case. It is shown that the velocities in the vegetation area are much smaller than those in the non-vegetation area and a large velocity gradient is generated between the vegetation area and the non-vegetation area. The transverse and longitudinal dispersion coefficients are analyzed based on the experimental data by using the modified N- zone models. It is shown that the effect of the vegetation on the transverse dispersion coefficient is small, involving only changes of a small magnitude, however, since the primary velocities become much more inhomogeneous with the presence of the vegetation, the longitudinal dispersion coefficients are much larger than those in the non-vegetation case.
基金support of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. MOST 103-2923-E-006MY3)
文摘The presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions. Similarities are observed between a cylindrical cavity and a rectangular cavity for a compressible flow.The type of cavity flow field depends on the diameter-to-depth ratio and the length-to-depth ratio.The feedback loop is responsible for the generation of discrete acoustic tones. In this study, the selfsustained oscillation for a compressible cylindrical cavity flow was investigated experimentally. For open-type cavities, the power spectra show that the strength of resonance depends on the diameterto-depth ratio（4.43–43.0） and the incoming boundary layer thickness-to-depth ratio（0.72–7.0）. The effective streamwise length is used as the characteristic length to estimate the Strouhal number. At higher modes, there is a large deviation from Rossiter＇s formula for rectangular cavities. The gradient-based searching method was used to evaluate the values of the empirical parameters. Less phase lag and a lower convection velocity are observed.
