Impact of geopolitical risk,GDP,inflation,interest rate,and trade openness on foreign direct investment:Evidence from five Southeast Asian countries

Historically,geopolitical risk(GPR)has posed significant challenges to international economic,social,and political frameworks.This study investigated how internal GPR in the selected five Southeast Asian countries(Indonesia,South Korea,Malaysia,the Philippines,and Thailand)influences foreign direct investment(FDI)during 1996-2019.The stationarity of the data was assessed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)unit root test,which shows that the data became stationary after the first difference.The Kao,Pedroni,and Westerlund cointegration tests were employed to examine long-term cointegration among the selected variables(FDI,GPR index(GPRI),gross domestic product(GDP),inflation,interest rate,and trade openness(TOP)).The results indicated that these variables have a long-term cointegration.Consequently,regression analysis using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)regression,fixed effect,random effect,Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation,and system generalized moment method(GMM)revealed that GPRI and TOP negatively impacted FDI in the selected five Southeast Asian countries.At the same time,GDP,inflation,and interest rate positively influenced FDI in these countries.Because FDI is crucial to shaping a country’s macroeconomic structure,this study recommends that governments and central banks of the selected five Southeast Asian countries should implement policies and strategies to encourage foreign investments.

基于Openness可视化参数的二维地貌显示

Openness是一种二维地貌的可视化参数,不受光源设置和邻近地形遮蔽的影响,更强调地形的凹凸,使得直观的立体感更强。该参数不仅可以从多种来源的DEM数据计算获取,也可以用于不同精细程度的地貌分析。闽江入海口地区具有丰富的构造地貌类型,基于SRTM(90 m)高程数据计算该地区的Openness参数,探讨该参数在地形地貌方面的初步应用。通过闽江入海口地区构造地貌的分析结果表明,Openness参数方法比传统的地形晕渲等常用二维可视化方法编制的图件效果更好,更强调地形的凹凸感,能够更详细地反映实际地形地貌的细节。

科技论文中生成式人工智能的使用边际

2022年10月,美国OpenAI公司发布的大语言模型ChatGPT使得生成式人工智能技术达到一个新的发展阶段。该平台结合了大量的数据、强大的计算能力和新颖的处理技术,能够对各种各样的输入生成类似人类的反应,且可自由访问,已经吸引了数亿万次互动。

Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

Present status and future directions:Apexification

The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each case.The main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and techniques.Future research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without surgery.Previously,the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain,but now,with the use of a dental operating microscope,it has become more predictable.Another reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.

Influencing factors of early post-traumatic stress disorder in young and middle-aged individuals with open globe injuries in west China:a cross-sectional study

AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of early post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)among young and middle-aged patients who have suffered open globe injuries,and to identify the psychosocial factors influencing PTSD in these patients.METHODS:A total of 280 patients who underwent ocular trauma surgery between January 2023 and January 2024 were selected through convenience sampling.Data were collected using a custom-designed demographic questionnaire,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CDRISC),the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(C-ERRI),and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting PTSD in these patients.RESULTS:The average PTSD score for the patients was 33.22±13.48.The scores for individual PTSD dimensions,ranked from highest to lowest,were recurrent traumatic experiences,heightened arousal,avoidance reactions,and social dysfunction.Positive PTSD symptoms were observed in 85 patients(30.36%).Univariate analysis indicated that gender,postoperative vision,marital status,psychological resilience,and rumination were significant factors affecting PTSD symptoms(χ^(2)/t=6.53,17.88,8.83,2.17,and 14.1,respectively;all P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between rumination and PTSD symptoms(r=0.73,P<0.01)and a negative correlation between psychological resilience and PTSD symptoms(r=-0.14,P<0.05).Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified postoperative vision(notably eye removal),rumination levels,and psychological resilience(optimism)as major factors influencing PTSD in these patients(R^(2)=0.57,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Young and middle-aged patients with open globe injuries have a high incidence of PTSD.Significant risk factors for early PTSD include primary enucleation,high levels of rumination,and low psychological resilience(optimism).Conversely,patients with good postoperative vision recovery,low rumination levels,and high levels of optimism are less likely to develop PTSD.Healthcare providers should pay special attention to patients who undergo primary enucleation,strive to reduce their rumination levels,and enhance their psychological resilience,thereby promoting a positive and optimistic attitude towards their condition and reducing the incidence of PTSD.

A terrain openness index for the extraction of karst Fenglin and Fengcong landform units from DEMs

The Fenglin and Fengcong landform units are considered to be an important representation for defining the degree of development of Karst landforms. However, these terrain features have been proven difficult to delineate and extract automatically because of their complex morphology. In this paper, a new method for identifying the Fenglin and Fengcong landform units is proposed. This method consists of two steps:(1) terrain openness calculation and(2) toe line extraction. The proposed method is applied and validated in the Karst case area of Guilin by using ASTER GDEM with one arc-second resolution. The openness of both the positive and negative terrain and a threshold were used to extract toe lines for segmenting depressions and pinnacles in Fenglin and Fengcong landforms. A comparison between the extracted Fenglin and Fengcong landform units and their real units from high resolution images wascarried out to evaluate the capability of the proposed method. Results show the proposed method can effectively extract the Fenglin and Fengcong landform units, and has an overall accuracy of 93.28%. The proposed method is simple and easy to implement and is expected to play an important role in the automatic extraction of similar landform units in the Karst area.

Cross-Lagged Relationship between Physical Activity Time,Openness and Depression Symptoms among Adolescents:Evidence from China

The relationship between physical activity time,openness and depression symptoms among adolescents is a cutting-edge research direction in the field,yet it remains unclear.This study is based on a sample of 7924 students from a nationally representative China Education Panel Survey database and examines the bidirectional relationships between physical activity time,openness and depression symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Descriptive analysis showed that during the 7th and 8th grades,the average physical activity time decreased to less than one hour per day,accompanied by a decreasing trend in openness and a slight worsening in depression symptoms.Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between physical activity time and depression symptoms,a significant positive correlation between physical activity time and openness,and a significant negative correlation between depression symptoms and openness.The results from cross-lagged models indicated a bidirectional relationship between physical activity time and openness,with physical activity time significantly positively predicting openness in the following year and openness significantly positively predicting physical activity time in the following year.In addition,depression symptoms had a unidirectional negative predictive effect on openness.The conclusions provide empirical evidence for education administration and schools to promote the physical and mental health development of adolescents worldwide.

Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public institutions.Design/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European Social Survey(ESS), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(SEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of openness.Research limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper insight.Practical implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and citizens.Originality/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

The Openness Degree Study of the Jiaoshiba Shale Gas, Sichuan Basin, China–Potential Factor Responsible for Reversed Isotope Series

Objective Reversed alkane δ;C and δ;H values in many prolific shale plays all over the world have aroused much attention in the study of the formation mechanism of reversed isotope series in alkanes in the past few years（Zou Caineng et al., 2016）. Although many researchers have put forward different hypotheses, the mechanism has not been well understood yet. The openness degree of oil and gas system

Toward a sustainable future:Examining the interconnectedness among Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),urbanization,trade openness,economic growth,and energy usage in Australia

The energy demand in Australia is increasing with the industrialization and rapid economic growth.This study analyzed the relationships among the economic growth,Foreign Direct Investment(FDI),trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage in Australia based on the data from World Development Indicators(WDI)from 1972 to 2021.The results indicates that there is a cointegration among economic growth,FDI,trade openness,urbanization,and energy usage,which was traced through the autoregressivedistributed lag(ARDL).The Zivot-Andrews unit root test reveals that energy usage,economic growth,FDI,urbanization,and trade openness show significant structural breaks in 1993,1996,1982,2008,and 1994,respectively.The ARDL model shows that economic growth has a positive and significant effect on energy usage in the long-run(0.814)and short-run(0.809).Moreover,the results also show that FDI(0.028)and trade openness(0.043)have positive impacts on energy usage in the long-run.However,urbanization shows a negative and significant influence on energy usage in the long-run(–0.965).Then,the research demonstrates a unidirectional causation between energy usage and trade openness,with energy usage significantly causing trade openness.The current study endorses energy consumption policies and investment strategies for a paradigm shifting from a reliance on fossil fuels as the primary energy source to renewable energy sources.These findings have profound implications for sustainable energy usage.

SEMI-OPENNESSAND ALMOST-OPENNESS OF INDUCED MAPPINGS

Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respectively) and C(f) is semi-open(almost open,respectively).

The Study on Trade Policy and Openness of Mongolia： Influences on Trade Flows Between China-Mongolia-Russia （Past and Future）

This paper aimed to highlight the effects of conflict in Mongolia on trade policy and openness, by estimating the trade flows with neighbor countries （China and Russia）. Fourteen years＇ （2000-2013） data of Mongolian imports and exports were collected and gone through principal component analysis （PCA） and empirical analysis for grouping various trades with China and Russia. The empirical analysis identified the determining factors of Mongolian trade flow and openness with China and Russia. Empirical analysis evidenced that Mongolian trade and openness policy raised bilateral trade between China and Russia, leaving a great influence on economic size. Two main questions represented as empirically tested by each sample country. How did Mongolian trade policy and openness influence trade flows between China and Russia and economic growth of Mongolia？ Did Mongolian trade policy and the bilateral trade with China and Russia increase on trade openness？ Finally, the study focused on the forecasts from 2016 to 2018 to examine Mongolian trade flows with China and Russia using ordinary least squares method and autoregressive-moving-average （ARMA） model. China-Mongolia-Russia trade flows will continue to dominate during the forecasted period. As shown by the structure of export and import, goods with China and Russia influenced the mutual trade amount. Moreover, China and Russia traded to continue with Mongolia for goods in long run. Trade policy and openness, the major contributor in Mongolian economy, are significantly playing roles in trade and economy.

Capital Account Openness,Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth:International Experiences and Implications

Based on the Barro classical growth model, this paper introduces capital account openness and exchange rate volatility to conduct an empirical analysis using the panel data of 182 countries(regions) during 1970-2013 to examine the combined effects of capital account openness and exchange rate risks on economic growth. Our findings are as follows:(1) Without considering exchange rate volatility, capital account openness is subject to a threshold effect, i.e. capital account openness significantly promotes the economic growth of middle-and high-income countries but exerts the opposite effect on low-income countries; and(2) after exchange rate volatility is taken into account, the growth effect of capital account openness is reduced and the greater the exchange rate volatility is, the smaller the marginal effect of capital account openness will be; sample-specific results also proved the existence of the threshold effect. This paper offers the following implications:(1) The effect of capital account openness can be better examined based on risk factors;(2) moderately controlling exchange rate volatility is conducive to acquiring greater benefits from capital account openness; and(3) the threshold effect of capital account openness cannot be overlooked.

Construction of an evaluation system for information openness of local governments

Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.

Capacity Openness Boosts Digitization Transformation of Telecom Operators

With the emergence of digital transformation success stories,more and more enterprises are launching digital solutions to improve business efficiency or achieve optimal revenue growth.The traditional communication market tends to be saturated,and the digital transformation of telecom operators is imminent.This article combining the development trend of telecom operators’product business and the application situation of the pilot summarizes the innovative application categories that telecom operators continue to launch based on their own advantages and in response to the needs of the industry.This article focuses on the transformation of security capabilities in communication services,big data,Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,unified authentication and network information security,and deeply analyzes the business characteristics and application modes from the aspects of resource integration,open platform construction,new connection construction,and innovative business development.This article puts forward suggestions for the security development of telecom operators,and provides basic research content for the subsequent research on the innovative application of telecom operators’capability openness.

Financial Development, Trade Openness, and Economic Growth in Zambia

This study investigates the causal relationship among financial development, trade openness, and economic growth in Zambia from 1965 to 2011. Two measures of financial development were used： broad money and domestic credit to the private sector, each as a ratio of gross domestic product （GDP）. In this regard, two models were developed for each indicator. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller （ADF） and Phillips-Perron （PP） tests were used to determine stationarity of all the variables. Furthermore, Johansen test was employed to ascertain possible cointegration among variables. The vector error correction model （VECM） was employed to examine the short-run and long-run dynamics among the variables in each model. The results indicate that the relationship among financial development, trade openness, and economic growth is sensitive to the financial development indicator chosen.

Consumer Knowledge, Brand Image, Openness to Experience and Involvement: A Case in Cosmetic Consumption

The study adopted the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as research model to inspect what factors would influence consumers to purchase cosmetics by adding brand image, involvement, consumer knowledge and openness to experience to the model. A 7-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed to measure TPB items and totally 400 valid respondents were collected online. The results show that among the above, only “perceived behavioral control” has positive influence on intention of purchasing cosmetics. Neither attitude nor subjective norm has significant influence on purchasing intention. In addition, brand image and involvement have no significant influence on purchasing intention but consumer knowledge and openness to experience were found to have positive influence on purchasing intention.

OPENING TO THE CHALLENGE --An economy thrives in openness and withers in seclusion

pening-up has always been a hot topic at the China International Import Expo(CIIE),the world's first import expo held at the national level.During the sixth CIIE,the Hongqiao International Economic Forum held on November 6 attracted many participants from government departments,academia,and the business sector to conduct in-depth discussions on global trade and the challenges it faces.Participants agreed that multi-party dialogue is key to the issue.

More Trade Openness Necessary In the Future

On November 21 of 2011, Pascal Lamy, director-general of World Trade Or- ganization (WTO) warned in his annual report that the forecast for world export growth revised downwards to 5.8% in 2011 from the earlier estimate of 6.5%, because of the worsening of global economy