Analgesic effects of low -dose trama dol after arthroscopic knee surgery

Objective To investigate analgesic effect of i ntra -articular low -dose tramadol a fter arthroscopic knee surgery.Methods60patients undergoing arthroscopic k nee surgery under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into intra -ar ticular injection of tramadol(TJ group),mulscle injection of tramadol(TM)and saline control group.Vision analog scoring was conducted under exte nsion of knee joint 8h and24h after drugs administration.Follow -up was done to observe unwanted e ffects 48h after surgery.Results Score of TJ group was significantly lower than those of other groups(P <0.05).No unwanted effects were found.Conclusion Intra -articular tramadol in low -dose could relieve operative pain.

The Quantitative Analysis on Leverage and its Effects

Leverage of modem enterprise＇s financial management includes operating leverage and financial leverage. Both of them exist objectively, are not changeable with human＇s minds. They enlarge enterprise＇s benefit and risk, so they have both positive and negative effects. The degrees of them are measured as DOL and DFL. In financial management, the relationship between DOL and operating risk has regularity in quantity, and so does the relationship between DFL and financial risk.

Mission reliability modeling and evaluation for reconfigurable unmanned weapon system-of-systems based on effective operation loop

The concept of unmanned weapon system-of-systems(UWSoS)involves a collection of various unmanned systems to achieve or accomplish a specific goal or mission.The mission reliability of UWSoS is represented by its ability to finish a required mission above the baselines of a given mission.However,issues with heterogeneity,cooperation between systems,and the emergence of UWSoS cannot be effectively solved by traditional system reliability methods.This study proposes an effective operation-loop-based mission reliability evaluation method for UWSoS by analyzing dynamic reconfiguration.First,we present a new connotation of an effective operation loop by considering the allocation of operational entities and physical resource constraints.Then,we propose an effective operationloop-based mission reliability model for a heterogeneous UWSoS according to the mission baseline.Moreover,a mission reliability evaluation algorithm is proposed under random external shocks and topology reconfiguration,revealing the evolution law of the effective operation loop and mission reliability.Finally,a typical 60-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-swarm is taken as an example to demonstrate the proposed models and methods.The mission reliability is achieved by considering external shocks,which can serve as a reference for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of UWSoS.

Operations of Knapsack Sprayer and Its Impacts on Physiological Parameters of Selected Operators

The study was aimed at determining the impacts of operating Manually Operated Hand Lever Knapsack Sprayers (MOHLKS) on physiological responses of the operators as dependent on anthropometric variations and sex. Twenty eight subjects, (4 female, 24 male) Mean ± SD: Age 22.5 ± 1.92, 24.29 ± 2.2 years;Body Mass Index 24.6 ± 4.8, 21.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2 were employed in the study. Selected anthropometric parameters of weight and height were used to determine body mass index (BMI), with these are arm-reach forward, elbow to fingertip, hand length and hand width were measured to establish human variations in diversity. Subjects undertook the operation at 5 replicates each, before and after which information about operators’ body pain locations and body physiological changes of heart rates were obtained. Measured parameters were used in the determination of expended energy (EE), physiological cost (PC), oxygen intake (VO2) and aerobic power (VO2max). Alongside with these were operational parameters of stroke, pace and time taken to get the operation done and environmental factors of temperature and relative humidity. The results revealed on the average that the BMI (24.61 ± 4.78 kg/m2) in female operators was higher, this corresponded to PC and VO2, while the VO2max (34.83 ± 3.30 ml/min/kg) in males is higher. More EE was obtained in female subjects (3.53 ± 3.76 kCal/min) as compared to male subjects (3.42 ± 7.48 kCal/min). The main effects plot of operational factors on EE displayed the stroke made by the subjects during spraying operation as parameter with largest effect on EE. Regression equation for EE and PCI is given as PCI = 1.97 + 25.2 EE, while the P-value at α = 0.05 is 0.000 and R2 = 98.8%. Post operational body pain showed that 19 out of 28 subjects incurred at least one type of body pain, with shoulder pain as most frequent. The results of the study suggest that early incidence of fatigue may occur in female operators as compared to the males, and in addition, cumulative trauma at shoulder, back, and upper and lower arm may result over time. Hence, it is recommended that the tank volume should be reduced and the straps for the shoulders should be supported with additional cushion.

Preoperative diagnosis and operative effect of intracranial aneurysm with three-dimensional computed tomography angiography

BACKGROUND ： Digital subtraction angiography （DSA） is always regarded as the golden standard for diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm; however, the procedure is complex, traumatic, expensive and easy to induce vascular complication. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography （3D-CTA） can make up deficiencies of DSA; therefore, it is used in clinical therapy wider and wider. OBJECTIVE ： To evaluate the clinical effect of 3D-CTA on disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm pre- and post-operation and compare with the effect of DSA. DESIGN ： Auto-control contrast observation SETTING ： Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University PARTICIPANTS ： A number of 106 patients with disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to April 2006. All patients were diagnosed with cranial operation and consent. There were 47 males and 59 females aged from 3-76 years with the mean age of （47±13） years. Among them, 82 patients had extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）, 7 had hemorrhage at longitudinal fissure, and 17 had hemorrhage at ambiens cistema and lateral fissure. Moreover, intraventricular hematocele was accompanied on 13 patients and hematom on 9 patients. METHODS： （1） 3D-CTA examination： Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 64 CT was used in this study. The thickness was 1 mm and interval of reconstruction was 0.8 mm. Localizing section was plainly scanned as the standard of canthus line. Scan ranged from 30 mm below sella to 50 mm above sella. Non-ion contrast medium of Omnipaque 350 （concentration of iodine was 350 g/L） was inserted into anterior vein of elbow with 18G trochar retained with high-pressured injectoc pum. The speed was 4.5 mL/s and the total volume was 80-100 mL with the means of 90 mL. Scan started at 10-20 s after injection of contrast medium. Original image was dealt with Leonardo workstation and retreated with Syngo software. Volume rendering and maximum intensity projection were used to reconstructed images, （2） All 106 patients suffered from occlusion of aneurysm clamp. Before operation, 3D-CTA was undertaken and DSA was followed. After operation, patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparisons between 3D-CTA and DSA. RESULTS ： All 106 patients were involved in the final analysis. （1） Examination of 3D-CTA and DSA： Among 118 patients with aneurysm, 110 were checked with 3D-CTA and the detected rate was 93.2% （110/118）. Among other 8 cases, 3 were negative and checked again with DSA; 1 had pericallosal aneurysm, 1 ophthalmic aneurysm, and 1 anterior choroidal artery of aneurysm. 3D-CTA results of other 5 cases were suspicious, and then, they were regarded as having aneurysm with DSA. Before operation, correlation among site, body, neck of aneurysm and peripheral anatomic structure were shown sufficiently. After operation, 82 patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA, which was complete occlusion, precise, unobvious constriction, emphraxis or remains as compared with 3D-CTA those pre-operation. （2） Characteristics of 3D-CTA： With multiple vessels and angles, 3D-CTA observed the relationship between aneurysm neck and carried artery and showed thrombosis in cavity of aneurysm, calcification of aneurysm wall and peripheral structure of vessel at the same time. However, DSA could not detect the reactions mentioned above. It could delete image of cranium, simulate image of operative route, eliminate artifact induced by metal, but not distinguish blood stream direction. Meanwhile, posterior communicating artery was always poor during circle of Willis artery showing. CONCLUSION： （1） 3D-CTA is characterized by simple operation and non-invasive showing vascular stereo structure and correlation. Therefore, it is significant for diagnosis and designing plan of operative approach and focal location pre-operation and evaluating effect post-operation. （2） 3D-CTA does not completely replace DSA on the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.

Research on Integrated Analysis Method for Equipment and Tactics Based on Intervention Strategy Discussion

As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipment and tactics,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of their integrated analysis.In this paper,the research status quo of the integrated analysis about equipment and tactics is discussed first,some shortages of the current methods are summarized then,and an evolvement mechanism of the integrated analysis for equipment and tactics is given finally.Based on these,a framework of integrated analysis is proposed.This method's effectiveness is validated by an example.

Operational effectiveness evaluation based on the reduced conjunctive belief rule base

To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in the construction of the traditional complete conjunctive belief rule base(BRB),this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce the conjunctive BRB.The reasoning method based on reduced conjunctive BRB is designed with the help of the conversion technology from conjunctive BRB to disjunctive BRB.Finally,the operational mission effectiveness evaluation is taken as an example to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.

Study on the operation effect of long term care insurance system in Qingdao

Population aging has become a global social problem, the problem in our country has become the core of the aging problem. With the gradual aging of the elderly, loss of energy, loss of energy has become the norm for the elderly or sick elderly. According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs statistics, as of the end of 2014, the number of disabled elderly in China reached 35 million, about 90% of the disabled elderly need professional care services and professional treatment to ease the pain. In order to deal with the social problems brought about by the aging of the population, in July 1, 2012, Qingdao City, the first in the country to establish a long-term health care insurance system, has taken a key step to crack the problem of aging. In this paper, the situation of Qingdao long term care insurance system as the research object, taking Qingdao city as study sites, according to statistical data analysis of the implementation effect of long-term local health care policy, and through questionnaires and interviews in the form of local residents to participate in the investigation of awareness, and perception. At the same time, the results of the survey on long-term health care insurance system in Qingdao, the operation effect of the overall analysis.

子宫肌瘤不同手术方式对患者生理及心理影响分析

目的分析三种子宫切除方式对患者生理及心理的影响。方法将120例子宫肌瘤患者分为三组:子宫全切的45例患者为A 组,行筋膜内子宫切除的53例为B组,子宫次全切除的22例为C组(三组患者均保留双侧附件)。患者于术前、术后1个月、3个月测定性激素FSH、E2值,并于术前1周、术后3个月统一问卷随访,调查性生活及心理状况。结果三种术式术后性激素水平比较,差异无显著性,P>0.05;三种术式对患者性生活及心理影响差异有非常显著性,P<0.01。结论子宫肌瘤不同的手术方式对患者心理影响差别极大,而对卵巢功能影响不大。

Study on the Operation Mechanism and Effect of the Yellow River Water and Sediment Regulation System

In order to scientifically deal with the problems of less water and more sediment in the Yellow River and the uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment,it is necessary to establish a perfect water and sediment regulation system.Through the calculation of the sediment transport capacity of the Yellow River and the application of the water and sediment regulation system,it is found that the sediment transport efficiency of the Yellow River will increase with the increase of water flow,and there will be an obvious inflection point near the flat discharge.The joint regulation of the backbone reservoir group can discharge the large discharge close to the minimum flat discharge of the downstream river,which improves the sediment transport capacity of the river and alleviates the problem of sediment deposition.In this paper,through the introduction of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation project system,regulation indicators and mechanisms,the author discusses in detail the Yellow River water and sediment regulation scheme and its operation effect,hoping to provide help promote the improvement of the Yellow River governance effect.

COOPERATING,WITH COMPLICATIONS——The Shanghai Cooperation Organization still has a long way to go before it can operate effectively

On June 15,2001, the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, marking the formal launch of the regional organization. Its history can be traced back to 19% when Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan formed the Shanghai Five, later renamed the Shanghai Forum. After Uzbekistan joined, the forum changed

Continuous dynamic monitoring of a centenary iron bridge for structural modification assessment

A multi-channel continuous dynamic monitoring system has been installed in a centenary iron arch bridge on late November 2011. The historic infrastructure, completed in 1889 and crossing the Adda river about 50 km far from Milan, is the most important monument of XIX century iron architecture in Italy and is still used as roadway and railway bridge. The monitoring project follows a series of preliminary ambient vibration tests carried out on the bridge since June 2009. The paper describes the bridge structure and its dynamic characteristics identified from the experimental studies developed since 2009, the installed monitoring system and the software developed in LabVIEW for automatically processing the collected data. Subsequently, the tracking of automatically identified natural frequencies over a period of about 18 months is presented and discussed, highlighting the effects of environmental and operational conditions on the bridge dynamic characteristics as well as the detection of structural changes, mainly based on natural frequencies shifts.

THE SIMULATION EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR WEAPON OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS BASED ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

The objective of the simulation evaluation system for weapon operational effectiveness based on knowledge management is to solve the problem that the evaluation activities need the participation of many experts in different fields.Three kinds of expert knowledge models used in evaluation activities and the general framework of the evaluation system were proposed.The storage models of evaluation knowledge,simulation experiment database and evaluation project database were designed.The evaluation system has been applied in many evaluation activities and the results show that it can improve the efficiency of simulation evaluation for weapon operational effectiveness and reduce the cost for employing experts.

Effective field theory approach to lepto-philic self-conjugate dark matter

We study self-conjugate dark matter(DM)particles interacting primarily with Standard Model(SM)leptons in an effective field theoretical framework.We consider SM gauge-invariant effective contact interactions between Majorana fermion,real scalar and real vector DM with leptons by evaluating the Wilson coefficients appropriate for interaction terms up to dimension 8,and obtain constraints on the parameters of the theory from the observed relic density,indirect detection observations and from the DM-electron scattering cross-sections in direct detection experiments.Low energy LEP data has been used to study sensitivity in the pair production of low mass(≤80 GeV)DM particles.Pair production of DM particles of mass≥50 GeV in association with mono-photons at the proposed ILC has rich potential to probe such effective operators.

Generalized Coherent States for Position-Dependent Effective Mass Systems

A generalized scheme for the construction of coherent states in the context of position-dependent effective mass systems has been presented. This formalism is based on the ladder operators and associated algebra of the system which are obtained using the concepts of supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the property of shape invariance. In order to exemplify the general results and to analyze the properties of the coherent states, several examples have been considered.

INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEM FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL SCHRDINGER OPERATORS RELATED TO THE GENERAL STARK EFFECT

This paper disccusses the inverse scattering problem for one-dimensional Schrodinger operatorsrelated to the general Stark effect. We provide a ganeral framework which can be applied both to theStark-effect operator and the ordinary Schrodinger operator.