An Efficient Memory Management for Mobile Operating Systems Based on Prediction of Relaunch Distance

Recently,various mobile apps have included more features to improve user convenience.Mobile operating systems load as many apps into memory for faster app launching and execution.The least recently used(LRU)-based termination of cached apps is a widely adopted approach when free space of the main memory is running low.However,the LRUbased cached app termination does not distinguish between frequently or infrequently used apps.The app launch performance degrades if LRU terminates frequently used apps.Recent studies have suggested the potential of using users’app usage patterns to predict the next app launch and address the limitations of the current least recently used(LRU)approach.However,existing methods only focus on predicting the probability of the next launch and do not consider how soon the app will launch again.In this paper,we present a new approach for predicting future app launches by utilizing the relaunch distance.We define the relaunch distance as the interval between two consecutive launches of an app and propose a memory management based on app relaunch prediction(M2ARP).M2ARP utilizes past app usage patterns to predict the relaunch distance.It uses the predicted relaunch distance to determine which apps are least likely to be launched soon and terminate them to improve the efficiency of the main memory.

Implementing Operating System Support for Extended Trusted Path in TPM-Capable Environments

Trusted path is one of the crucial features that operating systems must provide for fundamental security support. In order to explore the possibility of implementing a trusted path mechanism with the support of trusted platform module （TPM） technologies, and to support TPM capabilities in operating systems, the paper extended the scope of the conventional trusted path to cover the situation in which a user communicates with software residing on a remote host. The paper combined the concept of operating system support for trusted path with that for TPM platforms, and proposed the architecture of an extended trusted path mechanism in operating system with considerations on TPM-capable platforms support. As part of the author＇s research in secure operating systems, the work of the paper was carried out with Linux as an experimental prototype system. The research result shows that TPM capabilities can strengthen extended trusted path mechanisms of operating systems.

A Methodology to Measure the Environmental Impact of ICT Operating Systems across Different Device Platforms

A new methodology was created to measure the energy consumption and related green house gas （GHG） emissions of a computer operating system （OS） across different device platforms. The methodology involved the direct power measurement of devices under different activity states. In order to include all aspects of an OS, the methodology included measurements in various OS modes, whilst uniquely, also incorporating measurements when running an array of defined software activities, so as to include OS application management features. The methodology was demonstrated on a laptop and phone that could each run multiple OSs, results confirmed that OS can significantly impact the energy consumption of devices. In particular, the new versions of the Microsoft Windows OS were tested and highlighted significant differences between the OS versions on the same hardware. The developed methodology could enable a greater awareness of energy consumption, during both the software development and software marketing processes.

Realization and Application of RSA in Chip Operating System

As an outstanding asymmetric cryptography, RSA algorithm has a lot of virtues and thus is well applied in the scope of IC card applications. The paper deals with the application of RSA in smart cards and the approach in which the modular exponentiation of huge number is simplified by using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. We have already succeeded in completing RSA in IC cards. Results indicate that RSA algorithm applied in IC cards has the equivalent speed of DES algorithm with the same environment.

Simulation Operating System and Integrated Simulation Software

In this paper, a new concept of simulation operating system (SIMOS) is described. A detailed definition of SIMOS is given, and two integrated simulation software (IPSOS and IMSS) are introduced based on SIMOS.

Digital arc welding power supply based on real-time operating system

A digital arc welding power supply was designed with the advanced reduced instruction set computer machine （ARM） and embedded real-time multi-task operating system micro C/OS- Ⅱ. The ARM, with its powerful calculating speed and complete peripheral equipments, is very suitable to work as the controller of the digital power supply. The micro C/OS- Ⅱ transplanted in ARM, helps to improve the respondent speed against various welding signals, as well as the reliability of the controlling software. The welding process consists of nine tasks. The tasks of great significance on reliability of the welder, for example, the A/D conversion of current and voltage, enjoy top priority. To avoid simultaneous-sharing on A/D converter and LCD module, two semaphores are introduced in to ensure the smooth performance of the welding power supply. Proven by experiments ,the ARM and the micro C/OS- Ⅱ can greatly improve both the respondent speed and the reliability of the digital welder.

HCOS:A Unified Model and Architecture for Cloud Operating System

Currently, Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) and Platform as a Service(PaaS) platforms play a role as a cloud operating system(COS).They are separated from each other in resource management,which may cause inconsistent resource status and result in the decrease of performance. Moreover, heterogeneous resources are not managed well in existing cloud computing platforms. Referring to the theory of operating system, we propose a unified architecture model of cloud operating system, which has six layers corresponding to the layered architecture of legacy operating system. Based on this architecture, a new cloud operating system called Hua-Cloud Computing System(HCOS) is realized. In HCOS, the hybrid resources are managed in a unified way. This method improves the unified scheduling capability of heterogeneous resources and eliminates the problem of resource status inconsistency.The main characteristics of HCOS are introduced and two typical applications are illustrated in this paper.

Reform and Practice of Operating System Course

In recent years,with the changes in the international competitive environment,the development strategic focuses of the national software industry have also shifted.To adapt to these changes,we analyze and summarize the problems existing in the teaching content and methods of the traditional“Operating System”course and carry out the reform and practice of this core course for software engineering majors.First,we design and integrate domestic operating system examples into the course to meet the needs of national strategic development,thus cultivating operating system software talents in line with China’s national conditions and needs.Second,we reconstruct the teaching content of the course,strengthen the assessment of comprehensive ability,and establish a 3-level progressive teaching structure.Third,we carry out the deep integration of university and enterprise to realize the combination of theory and practice and establish a comprehensive and whole process university-enterprise course co-construction mode.Through the above reform measures,students show a strong interest in learning the operating system course.The operating system course has won the honor of the first-class course of Beijing Jiaotong University and has been approved for 4 industry-education cooperation projects of the Ministry of Education.

A Smart Phone-oriented Embedded Real-time Operating System

This article presents an embedded Smart Phone Operating System (SPOS) independently designed by ZTE Corporation. The SPOS is based on single kernel architecture with its multi-task real-time kernel supporting hardware platforms and resources of mainstream mobile phones. It has remarkable advantages such as highly efficient and dynamic power management, priority - based preemptive scheduling, fast startup, a variety of drivers, and excellent system stability and operability. For the development of upper layer communication protocols and application software, the SPOS provides wireless communication interfaces and the application program framework.

Real-time Operating System of a CNC Machine Tool

This paper discusses the real-time operating system (RTOS) of a computer numericalcontrol machine tool. It includes the characteristic, structure, function sub-routines, managementand communication.There are mainly two structures of CNC' RTOS. They are foreground-background type andinterrupt type. In this paper we discuss mainly the method of job management, andcommunicaton of the two types.

Cybersecurity: Identifying the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF) and Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a Computer Operating System

The objective of the present study is to define two important aspects of the computer operating system concerning the number of its vulnerabilities behavior. We identify the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF), and the Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a computer operating network. Both of these functions, VIF and VII are entities of the stochastic process that we have identified, which characterizes the probabilistic behavior of the number of vulnerabilities of a computer operating network. The VIF identifies the rate at which the number of vulnerabilities changes with respect to time. The VII is an important index indicator that conveys the following information about the number of vulnerabilities of Desktop Operating Systems: the numbers are increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same at a particular time of interest. This decision type of index indicator is crucial in every strategic planning and decision-making. The proposed VIF and VII illustrate their importance by using real data for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 10, 8, 7, and Apple MacOS. The results of the actual data attest to the importance of VIF and VII in the cybersecurity problem we are currently facing.

Analysis and Comparison of Five Kinds of Typical Device-Level Embedded Operating Systems

Today, the number of embedded system was applied in the field of automation and control has far exceeded a variety of general-purpose computer. Embedded system is gradually penetrated into all fields of human society, and ubiquitous embedded applications constitute the 'ubiquitous' computing era. Embedded operating system is the core of the em-bedded system, and it directly affects the performance of the whole system. Our Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology has successfully developed five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems by more than ten years’ efforts, and these systems are Webit 5.0, Worix, μKernel, iDCX 128 and μc/os-II 128. This paper mainly analyses and compares the implementation mechanism and performance of these five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems in detail.

Application of Mobile Learning System in Operating System Course

With the rapid development of mobile communication and computer network technologies, the new mobile learning mode has been accepted by more and more people. In this paper, taking the learning system under mobile environment and from the perspective of necessary theoretic knowledge and relative technologies for mobile learning, the structural frame of the mobile learning system was discussed and constructed. According to this structural frame, the learning system under mobile environment was designed and applied into the OS course.

Comparative Analysis of Operating System of Different Smart Phones

Nowadays rapidly increasing technology is mobile phone technology in telecommunication sector. This mobile device technology has great effect on everyone’s life. This technology has reduced the burden of people in their daily life. To manage the rising demand for such mobile devices, numerous operating systems came in the market as a platform upon which modern application can be produced. As a result, numbers of platforms and essential depository describe these platforms;customers may or may not be aware of these platforms that are appropriate for their needs. In order to solve this issue, we examine the most famous mobile phone operating systems to decide which operating system is most suitable for developers, business applications as well as casual use. In this paper we make assessment on the popular operating systems of mobile devices available in the business market, and on behalf of such assessment we distinguish that operating system OS is much useful of its particular characteristics compared with other systems.

Architecture of Graphics System with 3D Acceleration Support for Embedded Operating Systems

An increasing number of tasks now require the use of hardware accelerators to reduce the time required for computation and display the computational results.This paper presents a new graphics system architecture for operating systems(OSs)with microkernel architecture,including real-time OSs.The proposed system architecture provides capabilities for displaying graphical images on various information display devices and for accelerating graphical operations on GPU.The architecture of the graphics system uses a concept of allocators to manage system and video memory,provides an abstraction of memory operations with a single interface for video memory management,and simplifies memory handling where incorrect operation is the cause of many failures.A comparison between the performance of a real-time OS and Linux OS implementing the graphics system using the example of a glmark2 benchmark is presented,thereby the superiority of the proposed architecture in several scenarios is demonstrated.

Data-Oriented Operating System for Big Data and Cloud

Operating System(OS)is a critical piece of software that manages a computer’s hardware and resources,acting as the intermediary between the computer and the user.The existing OS is not designed for Big Data and Cloud Computing,resulting in data processing and management inefficiency.This paper proposes a simplified and improved kernel on an x86 system designed for Big Data and Cloud Computing purposes.The proposed algorithm utilizes the performance benefits from the improved Input/Output(I/O)performance.The performance engineering runs the data-oriented design on traditional data management to improve data processing speed by reducing memory access overheads in conventional data management.The OS incorporates a data-oriented design to“modernize”various Data Science and management aspects.The resulting OS contains a basic input/output system(BIOS)bootloader that boots into Intel 32-bit protected mode,a text display terminal,4 GB paging memory,4096 heap block size,a Hard Disk Drive(HDD)I/O Advanced Technology Attachment(ATA)driver and more.There are also I/O scheduling algorithm prototypes that demonstrate how a simple Sweeping algorithm is superior to more conventionally known I/O scheduling algorithms.A MapReduce prototype is implemented using Message Passing Interface(MPI)for big data purposes.An attempt was made to optimize binary search using modern performance engineering and data-oriented design.

Architecture of the Graphics System for Embedded Real-Time Operating Systems

This paper presents a new architecture of a graphics system for microkernel operating systems,including real-time operating systems.The following major parts of the architecture are presented:a user-level subsystem responsible for interaction with user applications;a bottom-level subsystem providing the functionality for graphics drivers,such as managing graphics output,video memory management,etc.;a kernel-level subsystem providing interaction with the kernel,and performing low-level operations,such as working with physical memory,processes,etc.The mechanisms of interaction of user applications with the user level of the graphics system,as well as interaction of the different levels of the graphics subsystem are presented.The paper pays much attention to various approaches to testing:the use of unit testing,testing using hardware and software emulators.Another important characteristic of a graphics system is its performance,in particular the performance of low-level operations such as memory allocation:the developed architecture suggests using a separate memory allocator which is faster than standard memory allocation functions.Comparison of the performances of graphics system implementation for microkernel real-time operating system and graphics server Xorg is presented,showing significant superiority of the proposed architecture in a number of work scenarios.

Computational Experiments for Complex Social Systems:Integrated Design of Experiment System

Powered by advanced information industry and intelligent technology,more and more complex systems are exhibiting characteristics of the cyber-physical-social systems(CPSS).And human factors have become crucial in the operations of complex social systems.Traditional mechanical analysis and social simulations alone are powerless for analyzing complex social systems.Against this backdrop,computational experiments have emerged as a new method for quantitative analysis of complex social systems by combining social simulation(e.g.,ABM),complexity science,and domain knowledge.However,in the process of applying computational experiments,the construction of experiment system not only considers a large number of artificial society models,but also involves a large amount of data and knowledge.As a result,how to integrate various data,model and knowledge to achieve a running experiment system has become a key challenge.This paper proposes an integrated design framework of computational experiment system,which is composed of four parts:generation of digital subject,generation of digital object,design of operation engine,and construction of experiment system.Finally,this paper outlines a typical case study of coal mine emergency management to verify the validity of the proposed framework.

Similarity matching method of power distribution system operating data based on neural information retrieval

Operation control of power systems has become challenging with an increase in the scale and complexity of power distribution systems and extensive access to renewable energy.Therefore,improvement of the ability of data-driven operation management,intelligent analysis,and mining is urgently required.To investigate and explore similar regularities of the historical operating section of the power distribution system and assist the power grid in obtaining high-value historical operation,maintenance experience,and knowledge by rule and line,a neural information retrieval model with an attention mechanism is proposed based on graph data computing technology.Based on the processing flow of the operating data of the power distribution system,a technical framework of neural information retrieval is established.Combined with the natural graph characteristics of the power distribution system,a unified graph data structure and a data fusion method of data access,data complement,and multi-source data are constructed.Further,a graph node feature-embedding representation learning algorithm and a neural information retrieval algorithm model are constructed.The neural information retrieval algorithm model is trained and tested using the generated graph node feature representation vector set.The model is verified on the operating section of the power distribution system of a provincial grid area.The results show that the proposed method demonstrates high accuracy in the similarity matching of historical operation characteristics and effectively supports intelligent fault diagnosis and elimination in power distribution systems.

A hierarchical enhanced data-driven battery pack capacity estimation framework for real-world operating conditions with fewer labeled data

Battery pack capacity estimation under real-world operating conditions is important for battery performance optimization and health management,contributing to the reliability and longevity of batterypowered systems.However,complex operating conditions,coupling cell-to-cell inconsistency,and limited labeled data pose great challenges to accurate and robust battery pack capacity estimation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a hierarchical data-driven framework aimed at enhancing the training of machine learning models with fewer labeled data.Unlike traditional data-driven methods that lack interpretability,the hierarchical data-driven framework unveils the“mechanism”of the black box inside the data-driven framework by splitting the final estimation target into cell-level and pack-level intermediate targets.A generalized feature matrix is devised without requiring all cell voltages,significantly reducing the computational cost and memory resources.The generated intermediate target labels and the corresponding features are hierarchically employed to enhance the training of two machine learning models,effectively alleviating the difficulty of learning the relationship from all features due to fewer labeled data and addressing the dilemma of requiring extensive labeled data for accurate estimation.Using only 10%of degradation data,the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art battery pack capacity estimation methods,achieving mean absolute percentage errors of 0.608%,0.601%,and 1.128%for three battery packs whose degradation load profiles represent real-world operating conditions.Its high accuracy,adaptability,and robustness indicate the potential in different application scenarios,which is promising for reducing laborious and expensive aging experiments at the pack level and facilitating the development of battery technology.