Analysis on the Combining Ability and Heritability of Main Agronomic Traits of Hybrid Glutinous Sorghum

Using 3 sterile lines and 12 restorer of glutinous sorghum as experimental materials,36 hybrid combinations（3×12 NCⅡ） were designed to analyze the combining ability and heritability of six main agronomic traits,including plant height,panicle length,growth period,1 000-grain weight,per panicle grains and per panicle grain weight.The results showed that except per panicle grain number all other five agronomic traits have remarkable or extremely remarkable general combining ability and specific combining ability.Six agronomic traits were found to be control by additive genetic effect.Most of these agronomic traits are more easily influenced by restorers than sterile lines,suggesting that more attention should be paid to select restores in hybrid glutinous sorghum breeding.The narrow-sense heritability of these agronomic traits were in order growth period plant height per panicle grain weight panicle length 1 000-grain weight per panicle grains.

Combining Ability Analysis on Yield Traits of Recombinant Inbred Lines in Hybrid Rice

A population of 140 recombinant inbred lines at F8 generation were obtained after seven successive generations of self-pollination using single seed descent（SSD） method from the F2 hybrids of three-line restorers Luhui 8258 with high combining ability and Yanghui 34. Then, the 140 inbred lines obtained above and their parents Luhui 8258 and Yanghui 34 were crossed with three different types of cyto-plasmic male sterile（CMS） lines（Gang 46 A, Ⅱ-32 A and Lu 98A） according to NCⅡ design. The resulting 426 combinations were planted at Deyang and Suining bases to test the combining ability and inheritance of five yield traits： yield per plant, panicle number per plant, filled grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The results showed that the variances of both general and specific combining abilities of the five traits all reached a significant or extremely significant level at the two sites. The broad and narrow heritability of the yield traits（except 1 000-grain weight whose broad and narrow heritability were both over70%） were all below 50% at the two experimental bases, suggesting that the four traits were easily subjected to environment influence. Very significant positive correlation of general combining ability was found between yield per plant and other traits except 1 000-grain weight. The general combining ability variance showed a normal distribution among the recombinant inbred lines at two sites, right in line with inheritance of quantitative traits. So, the genes controlling rice general combining ability can be targeted by QTL mapping.

Combining Ability Analysis of Panicle Traits in Six CIMMYT Maize Inbred Lines

In this study, six CIMMYT maize inbred lines and five representative do- mestic maize inbred lines were used as parental lines. By using incomplete diallel cross design, 30 hybrid combinations were developed to analyze the general com- bining ability （GCA）, specific combining ability （SCA） and total combining ability （TCA） of seven panicle traits in six CIMMYT maize inbred lines. The results showed that CIMBL98 and GEMS13 were excellent inbred lines with good compre- hensive performance; CIMBL98 × 340 and GEMS13×Chang 7-2 were superior combinations.

Combining Ability and Genetic Effects of Germination Traits of Brassica napus L.Under Waterlogging Stress Condition

Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reasonable improvement programs.There were six germination traits investigated on combining ability and heritability using complete diallel crossing method designed for 30 combinations from those six cultivars and lines.The traits included relative root length,stem length,fresh weight per plant,survival rate,electrical conductivity,and vigor index.After flooding treatment,the six traits of parents and F1 were analyzed.The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） of germination traits were analyzed using Griffing I method.Among 30 cross combinations,the GCA was significantly different among six waterlogging resistance traits.The SCA of these traits was significantly different except the SCA of electrical conductivity.As a representative trait of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed,relative vigor index had the highest narrow heritability and relatively low broad heritability.The cultivars Zhongshuang 9 and P79 had higher tolerance potential to waterlogging stress.It can be concluded that combining ability and genetic effects of relative vigor index during germination stage could be used to identify the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed in breeding program.

Analysis of combining ability for stem-related traits and its correlations with lodging resistance heterosis in hybrid wheat

With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well as other stem-related traits were used to perform the principal component analysis(PCA), combining ability and heterosis analysis. The PCA results showed that the variables could be classified into two main factors, which were named as the positive factor(factor 1) and the negative factor(factor 2), and accounted for 52.3 and 33.2%, respectively, of the total variance in different variables, combined with the analysis for index weight indicated that the factor 1-related traits play positive roles in lodging resistance formation of hybrids. Combining ability variance analysis indicated that its genetic performance was mainly dominated by additive gene effects, and the hybrid combinations with higher lodging resistance can be selected by using of 14 GF6085(R1), 14 GF6343-2(R4), 14 GF6937(R6), 14 GF7433-1(R7), and BS1086(M3),which are with the features with lower general combining ability(GCA) effects of factor 2-related traits whereas higher GCA effects of factor 1-related traits. The heterosis analysis showed that the wide range of heterosis varied with the traits and combinations, and GCA or specific combining ability(SCA) effects of factor 1-related traits except wall thickness of basal second internode(WTBSI) were positively and closely related to the heterosis of lodging resistance. Generally, the correlation coefficients of heterosis to GCA effects of sterile lines(GCAm) of factor 1-related traits are significantly higher than that to GCA of restorer lines(GCAr) and SCA, combined with the higher GCAm variance values of factor 1-related traits compared to GCAr, the GCAm of factor 1-related traits should be particularly considered when breeding hybrid combinations.The heritability analysis showed that the narrow-sense heritability of the diameter of basal second internode(DBSI) and the center of gravity height(TCGH) were obviously lower(<60%) than other traits, suggesting that these two traits were suitable for selection in higher generation for parental breeding. These could provide a theoretical basis for parental breeding and heterosis utilization of lodging resistance.

Relationship Between Combined Genotypes of UCP Gene and Growth Traits in Chickens

The uncoupling protein （UCP） is a member of the mitochondrial membrane transporter family, which plays an important role in energy metabolism. In the present study, the UCP gene was considered as a candidate gene for chicken growth traits, and the association of UCP gene SNPs with growth rate was investigated in the eighth generation of NEAUHLF broiler lines. Two SNPs were found in chicken UCP gene, and the association analysis results showed that both the individual and combination of chicken UCPgene SNPs were significantly associated with body weight of 7 weeks （BW7） and carcass weight （CW） （P〈0.05）, and the combination had much significant effects than the single SNP. This research suggested that the UCP gene could be a candidate gene or linked to a major gene which affected growth traits in chicken

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Quality Combination Parameters of High-quality Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors including sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on the quality parameters of Brassica napus hybrid＆ [Method] Statistical analysis on the data from previous studies and our work was carried out [Result] The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date, while the contents of seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid were positively correlated with the sowing date. The total amount of fat and protein, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） to saturated fatty acid （SFA）, the fatty acid （FA） of erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date; the UFA content, the unsatu- ration index, the SFA content, the 18-C FA content, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the sowing date. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, oleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the contents of oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The total amount of fat and protein （F ＆ P）, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the UFA content, the unsaturation index, the SFA content, the ratio of UFA to SFA, the 18-C FA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, protein in milled rapeseed, palmitic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the contents of seed protein, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were posi- tively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the UFA content, the SFA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the ratio of UFA to SFA, and the 18-C FA content were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount, while contents of oil, oleic acid, stearic acid and eicosenoic acid were positively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index, the SFA, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount There were negative correlations between the contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount; positive correlations between the contents of oil, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount The total UFA, the unsaturation index, the 1843 FA, the SFA, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the phosphate fertilizer amount [Conclusion] This study identified the correlations of the five cultivation factors with the quality parameters of high-quality Brassica napus hybrids, to provide theoretical basis for its cultivation.

Control Effects of Bacillus subtilis DJ-6 and Pyraclostrobin Alone and in Combination Against Fusarium oxysporum

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen a synergistic biological fungicide complex to control Fusarium wilt, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of Bacil us subtilis DJ-6 and pyraclostrobin alone or in combination at five ratios against Fusarium oxysporum were detected by mea-suring mycelium growth rate in laboratory tests. The growth promotion and disease control effect of combined or single use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilutions were detected in field trials. [Result] The EC50 values of combined use of B. subtilis DJ-6 and pyra-clostrobin at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, 1∶3, 1∶4 and 1∶5 against F. oxysporum were 5.311 5, 4.008 6, 3.570 6, 3.350 9 and 3.218 9 μg/ml, with the synergistic ratios （SR） of 2.28, 1.77, 1.53, 1.64, 1.11, among which the synergetic effect at 1∶1 was the best. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin was greater than that of B. subtilis DJ-6 in laboratory tests. Field trials revealed that al the 1∶1 000, 1∶2 000 and 1∶3 000 dilu-tions of 20% pyraclostrobin·2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combination, 1∶1 000 dilution of 1 ×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP and 1∶2 000 dilution of 250 g/L pyra-clostrobin EC promoted the growth of strawberry by increasing plant height, leaf petiole, leaf blade area and stem diameter. Among them, the treatments with 1∶1 000 and 1∶2 000 of 20% pyraclostrobin · 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP in combina-tion had better effects than other treatments. The control effects of al the treat-ments were measured 30 and 80 d after fungicide application. The control effects of 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combina-tion were up to 100% and 93.11%, which were higher than those in al other treat-ments. The second highest control effects were found in the treatment with 1∶ 2 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination, they were 92.49% and 86.49%, higher than those in other treatments except the 1∶1 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination. The control effects of 1∶3 000 dilution of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 in combination were 82.61% and 72.42%, higher than those in treatment with 1∶1 000 dilution of 1×1012 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP, but lower than those in treat-ment with 1∶2 000 dilution of 25% pyraclostrobin EC. [Conclusion] Al the results re-vealed that the combination use of 20% pyraclostrobin and 2 ×1011 cfu/g B. subtilis DJ-6 WP at 1∶1 000 to 1∶2 000 dilution had better control effect against strawberry Fusarium wilt.

Fine mapping of multiple interacting quantitative trait loci using combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage information

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) and their additive, dominance and epistatic effects play a critical role in complex trait variation. It is often infeasible to detect multiple interacting QTL due to main effects often being confounded by interaction effects. Positioning interacting QTL within a small region is even more difficult. We present a variance component approach nested in an empirical Bayesian method, which simultaneously takes into account additive, dominance and epistatic effects due to multiple interacting QTL. The covariance structure used in the variance component approach is based on combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage (LDL) information. In a simulation study where there are complex epistatic interactions between QTL, it is possible to simultaneously fine map interacting QTL using the proposed approach. The present method combined with LDL information can efficiently detect QTL and their dominance and epistatic effects, making it possible to simultaneously fine map main and epistatic QTL.

杉木高世代杂交子代生长与木材性状遗传分析

为揭示杉木高世代杂交子代生长与材性性状的遗传效应,选择优良的杂交组合,利用设置在浙江省开化县林场的4×5双因素交叉设计的杉木高世代杂交子代测定林,研究8年生杉木的生长性状、木材基本密度和树干碳含量,估算各性状一般配合力(GCA)/特殊配合力(SCA)效应值及相对重要性,分析遗传控制方式及性状间的相关性。结果表明:杉木树高、胸径、单株材积、木材基本密度、树干碳含量在杂交组合间均差异显著(P<0.05),含碳率在组合间差异不显著。父母本配合力分析显示,树高、胸径、单株材积、树干碳含量的母本效应均大于父本效应,C25-3母本效应最大,B109-3父本效应最大;杂交组合各性状均以加性基因效应控制为主,杉木高世代育种工作仍需注重亲本的选配。性状间相关性分析表明,树干碳含量与生长性状呈显著正相关,按10%的入选率,联合选择出3211和3215两个速生高固碳的杂交组合,单株材积较对照(CK)增加30.91%以上,树干碳含量较CK增加26.95%以上,而木材基本密度与生长性状呈弱相关或负相关,筛选出3218和3216两个木材性状优良的杂交组合,木材基本密度较CK增加2.17%以上。

5个贵妃鸡配套系生长发育规律、屠宰性能和肉品质比较分析

旨在筛选出生长性能好、屠宰性能优良、肉品质鲜美的贵妃鸡杂交组合,为贵妃鸡的品种改良提供科学依据。本研究选择体重接近的20周龄健康贵妃鸡为母本,与河南农业大学家禽种质资源场培育的同周龄的豫农D系、豫农L系、豫农SHj系、豫农C系和豫农H系进行杂交配套试验,杂交后代分别为D×HD、L×HD、SHj×HD、C×HD、H×HD。各组合按性别选取健康雏鸡各50只,常规饲养至12周龄,每两周固定时间测定体重,采用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertallanffy 3种非线性生长曲线模型对其体重进行拟合,并随机挑选各组合12周龄健康试验鸡公母各6只进行屠宰,测定其生长性能、屠宰性能以及肉品质等指标,对各指标进行生物统计学分析。结果表明:Gompertz模型的拟合结果最优,拟合度均在0.998以上;在生产性能方面,C×HD组合的平均体重和体尺指标显著高于其他组合(P<0.05)且母鸡饲料报酬最高(2.59),SHj×HD组合公鸡饲料报酬最高(2.39);在屠宰性能方面,除L×HD和H×HD组合中的母鸡之外,其它组合公母鸡均达到半净膛率70%以上,全净膛率60%以上,肉用性能良好;在肉品质方面,D×HD组合的肉质较优于其他组合,但各组合滴水损失无显著差异。基于以上结果,C×HD组合在生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质等方面大多表现优异,可以在一定程度上满足消费者的需求。此外,研究结果也为贵妃鸡遗传资源的保护、进一步开发和品种选育提供重要参考依据,为贵妃鸡的高效养殖和推广提供了有力的支持。

大豆骨干亲本中豆41主要农艺性状的配合力分析

骨干亲本是新品种培育的重要种质材料,明确骨干亲本的配合力及遗传特点,可以为在育种中高效利用骨干亲本提供理论依据。本研究以骨干亲本中豆41和其他9个大豆材料为亲本,采用不完全双列杂交法组配30个杂交组合,分析杂种F1的10个产量和品质相关性状的配合力及遗传参数。配合力分析表明:中豆41具有较高的一般配合力(GCA),除蛋白质含量为负值外,其余9个性状的GCA均为正值,且均为10个亲本中最大值。中豆41组配的杂交组合大部分表现优异,具有较高的特殊配合力(SCA),在30个杂交组合中,中豆41×郑196、中豆41×新四粒黄和中豆41×中黄319在产量相关性状上均表现出较高的SCA。遗传分析表明,株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重、单株产量、蛋白含量和脂肪含量主要受基因加性效应影响,底荚高度则受基因加性效应和非加性效应共同影响。本研究明确了大豆骨干亲本中豆41的配合力特点,为育种中高效利用中豆41提供了理论依据。

192份陆地棉杂交种的遗传多样性分析

为筛选高产优质的棉花杂交组合,以15个陆地棉推广品种为亲本配置的192个F_(1)杂交种为试验材料,通过相关性分析、主成分分析和回归分析探讨主要农艺性状、产量和纤维品质之间的关系。结果表明,单铃重、籽棉产量和皮棉产量等产量指标都与始节数呈负相关,棉花纤维品质中上半部平均长度和整齐度这2个指标与主要农艺性状间的相互作用是正向的,马克隆值和纤维成熟度与主要农艺性状间具有反向相互作用。对16个指标降维后提取出5个主成分,分别命名为成铃因子、产量因子、品质因子、生长因子和衣分因子,共解释群体81.63%的变异。分别以产量性状和品质性状为因变量,以主要农艺性状为自变量构建了8个最佳回归模型,为适应不同需求的快速准确选择群体材料提供依据。研究结果为棉花品种选育提供了理论依据及材料支持。

油茶巢式交配子代油脂相关性状的遗传分析

【目的】探究油茶种内杂交和种间杂交的亲本选配机制,为油茶高含油率杂交育种选育提供指导。【方法】以油茶巢式交配设计的种内、种间杂交子代为材料,分别测定种仁含油率、木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量,分析母本的一般配合力(GCA)、杂交组合的特殊配合力(SCA),解析重要性状的遗传效应。【结果】12个家系的种仁含油率为17.83%~53.55%,木质素含量为4.68%~18.12%,纤维素含量为3.66%~13.04%,半纤维素含量0.54%~12.20%。种仁含油率、木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量的差异在组合间和母本内父本间达到了显著水平。含油率和木质素、半纤维素含量呈显著负相关关系,其相关系数为-0.489和-0.297。长林4号种仁含油率的GCA最高,达到1.57。各组合的SCA分析表明,含油率SCA为-6.38~4.28,其中含油率SCA高且其余3个性状SCA低的种内杂交组合有40×95和4×18。种间杂交组合含油率的SCA普遍较低,仅53×小2较高,为2.77。除木质素外,含油率、纤维素、半纤维素含量主要受显性效应控制,非加性方差大于加性方差,说明以这3个性状为目标的杂交育种中评估亲本的SCA比GCA更重要。4个性状的单株遗传力范围为10.84%~58.35%,家系遗传力为4.23%~.21.35%,均受到较强的环境效应影响。【结论】以配合力为参考指标,结合各组合的表型数据,选出可用于油茶高含油杂交种质创制的优良种内杂交组合40×95和4×18,种间杂交组合53×小2。

固始鸡A系与矮小贵妃鸡杂交F_(1)代生长性能探究及生长曲线拟合

试验旨在探究固始鸡A系与矮小贵妃鸡杂交后代的生长发育规律,选育出最优杂交组合。试验以固始鸡A系和矮小贵妃鸡进行正反交后代为素材,每周测量体重,90日龄和110日龄分别测量体尺性状并进行相关性分析,使用Logistic、Gompertz和Von-Bertalanffy三种模型拟合其生长曲线。结果显示,前4周,AG公母鸡与GA公母鸡的生长速度差异不大,4周龄以后,生长速度出现差异分化,GA公鸡的拐点周龄为8周,AG公鸡的拐点周龄为7.2周。GA母鸡的拐点周龄为7.9周,AG母鸡的拐点周龄为6.7周。90日龄时,GA母鸡的体重、体斜长、胫长、胸深优于AG母鸡,110日龄时,GA公鸡的体斜长优于AG公鸡,与AG群体相比,GA群体体尺性状较为优良。GA群体体重与体斜长和骨盆宽存在显著相关(P<0.05)。Gompertz模型对AG公鸡与GA母鸡这两个群体拟合效果更佳,Logistic曲线对AG母鸡和GA公鸡这两个群体拟合效果更佳。综上所述,矮小贵妃鸡♂×固始鸡A系♀为最优杂交组合。

玉米杂交种耐盐碱性的主成分分析及综合评价

【目的】筛选适合宁夏引黄灌区盐碱化土壤种植的耐盐碱玉米杂交种。【方法】采用宁夏农科院选育的30份玉米杂交种株高、穗位高、茎粗、穗长、穗粗、单穗质量、出苗率等14个性状指标,基于主成分分析和聚类分析综合筛选耐盐碱玉米杂交种。【结果】主成分分析结果表明,将14农艺性状转化成5个主成分因子,代表原始数据信息量85.57%,并选出单穗质量、穗行数、出籽率、茎粗、出苗率5个耐盐碱评价指标;宁禾1822、宁禾2021、宁禾1948、宁禾2035和先玉1225这5份玉米杂交种耐盐碱性较好。聚类分析将30份耐盐碱品种分为3种类型,结果与主成分分析基本一致。【结论】通过2种分析方法筛选出5份耐盐碱性较强的杂交种,给宁夏平罗盐碱地玉米种植提供理论参考。

不同改良剂组合对茄子产量和重金属含量及土壤农化性状的影响

为酸化土壤治理和安全利用提供依据,通过设置7个不同处理,分别为配方肥T1(CK)、配方肥+土壤改良剂(石灰粉T2、农用氢氧化镁T3、特贝钙土壤调理剂T4)、有机肥+土壤改良剂(石灰粉T5、农用氢氧化镁T6、特贝钙土壤调理剂T7),比较不同改良剂组合对茄子产量和重金属含量、土壤农化性状的影响。结果表明:与单施配方肥(CK)相比,在酸性土壤上施用有机肥+土壤改良剂、配方肥+土壤改良剂组合可显著增加作物产量,降低茄子重金属含量,改善土壤农化性状。在增加茄子产量、降低茄子Cr含量效果方面,有机肥+土壤改良剂组合优于配方肥+土壤改良剂组合,在降低茄子Cd含量效果方面,配方肥+土壤改良剂组合效果更好。在改良土壤农化性状效果方面,两者规律不明显。

甜糯玉米自交系品质性状的配合力及遗传参数研究

为了深入挖掘甜糯玉米品质性状的遗传潜力,并揭示关键自交系和杂交组合在品质改良中的应用潜力,以6份双隐性甜玉米自交系为试材,以6份糯玉米自交系为测验种,通过不完全双列杂交法组配36个加甜型糯玉米组合,对不同甜糯玉米自交系的配合力、主要品质性状的遗传参数估算和变异来源及优良组合的筛选与评价进行研究。结果显示,一般配合力的相对效应值中自交系6A、7A、4B和6B在可溶性蛋白质中分别为10.26、6.96、5.56和11.23,干基淀粉中分别为0.64、-0.57、-0.32和0.39,可溶性糖中分别为7.84、9.85、9.04和4.73,皮渣率中分别为7.32、7.63、-7.21和6.34,在这些品质性状上具有较高的一般配合力(GCA),表明它们在遗传背景上具备显著的综合优势。同时,杂交组合C15、C16、C21和C22在相同品质性状上表现出较强的特殊配合力(SCA),在可溶性蛋白质中分别为3.89、3.93、3.53和3.60,干基淀粉中分别为4.20、4.58、5.39和5.54,可溶性糖分别为8.61、11.1、9.46和9.18,皮渣率分别为-8.86、-7.95、-7.30和-5.25,说明非加性遗传效应在这些组合中的重要性。自交系6A、7A、4B和6B在多个品质性状上表现出较高的一般配合力(GCA),是理想的亲本材料。杂交组合C15、C16、C21和C22在特殊配合力(SCA)上表现突出,显示出明显的杂种优势。研究还发现,皮渣率具有较高的遗传稳定性,而其他品质性状则受环境因素影响较大。

水稻籼粳交后代抗倒伏性状的遗传及配合力分析

【目的】通过分析亲本及其杂种的遗传效应,为选育抗倒伏品种提供依据。【方法】系统评估了20个亲本的抗倒伏特性,采用不完全双列杂交(NC-Ⅱ,6×14)方法配制了84个杂交组合,考察了亲本及杂交组合在茎秆物理和解剖结构等16个抗倒伏性状上的表现,并估算了配合力和遗传参数。【结果】籼粳中间型亲本在茎秆的物理和解剖性状上均优于籼稻亲本。除基部第二节长外,其他14个性状与倒伏指数均表现出极显著的相关性。株高、基部抗折力、秆型指数、大维管束数和小维管束数对倒伏指数的直接通径系数分别为0.517、-0.566、0.189、-0.775和0.447。16个性状的广义遗传率为85.51%~99.12%,狭义遗传率为9.24%~79.04%。籼粳中间型恢复系对杂交后代的抗倒伏性状具有显著影响,而籼粳中间型不育系则能够降低后代的重心高度,提高抗折力。恢复系R105、R106、R108和不育系CS61、CS66、CS48在倒伏指数上的一般配合力为负值,而在基部抗折力、茎直径和茎壁厚上的一般配合力为正值,这使得在育种时容易选育出茎秆粗壮、基部抗折力较强的杂交后代。此外,R106、CS61和CS48在茎秆解剖性状上的一般配合力和组合特殊配合力均为正值,可有效增加后代组合的大、小维管束面积或数量。【结论】在水稻育种中,应根据亲本和组合的抗倒伏特性进行科学选配,实现优势互补,以培育出具有抗倒伏优势的籼粳杂交组合。

氮硫配施对强筋小麦品质、产量及构成要素的影响

为研究氮硫配施对强筋小麦产量与品质性状的影响,以强筋小麦品种‘洲元9369’为试验材料,设施纯氮150、300、450 kg/hm^(2)3个氮肥水平,纯硫20、40、60、80 kg/hm^(2)4个硫肥水平,研究氮硫配施对‘洲元9369’干物质积累量、产量及构成因素、部分品质性状的影响。结果表明,施氮量在150-300 kg/hm^(2)水平时,提高硫肥用量可增加‘洲元9369’的干物质积累量和籽粒产量,施氮量在450 kg/hm^(2)水平时,‘洲元9369’的干物质积累量和籽粒产量随硫肥用量增加而降低;施氮量在150-300 kg/hm^(2)水平时,提高施硫量可增加籽粒蛋白含量,改善面粉的加工品质;施氮量在450 kg/hm^(2)水平,施硫量小于40 kg/hm^(2)时,籽粒蛋白含量随施硫量增加而增加,施硫量超过40 kg/hm^(2)时,籽粒蛋白质含量开始下降。增施硫肥与氮肥均可提高谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量,相同氮肥水平下施硫增加了籽粒蛋白分子中硫氢键与二硫键的含量,相同硫肥水平下硫氢键与二硫键含量随施氮量先增后减。强筋小麦生产中,常年产量在8200 kg/hm^(2)左右的地块,氮肥宜控制在150-300 kg/hm^(2)水平,硫肥宜控制在60-80 kg/hm^(2)水平,以获得较为理想小麦产量与品质。