Distributed genetic algorithm for optimal planar arrays of aperture synthesis telescope

Sparse arrays of telescopes have a limited (u, v)-plane coverage. In this paper, an optimization method for designing planar arrays of an aperture synthesis telescope is proposed that is based on distributed genetic algorithm. This distributed genetic algorithm is implemented on a network of workstations using community communication model. Such an aperture synthesis system performs with imperfection of (u, v) components caused by deviations and(or) some missing baselines. With the maximum (u, v)-plane coverage of this rotation-optimized array, the image of the source reconstructed by inverse Fourier transform is satisfactory.

Satellite constellation design with genetic algorithms based on system performance

Satellite constellation design for space optical systems is essentially a multiple-objective optimization problem. In this work, to tackle this challenge, we first categorize the performance metrics of the space optical system by taking into account the system tasks（i.e., target detection and tracking）. We then propose a new non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm（NSGA） to maximize the system surveillance performance. Pareto optimal sets are employed to deal with the conflicts due to the presence of multiple cost functions. Simulation results verify the validity and the improved performance of the proposed technique over benchmark methods.

QoS Routing Optimization Strategy Using Genetic Algorithm in Optical Fiber Communication Networks

This paper describes the routing problems in optical fiber networks, definesfive constraints, induces and simplifies the evaluation function and fitness function, and proposesa routing approach based on the genetic algorithm, which includes an operator [OMO] to solve the QoSrouting problem in optical fiber communication networks. The simulation results show that theproposed routing method by using this optimal maintain operator genetic algorithm (OMOGA) issuperior to the common genetic algorithms (CGA). It not only is robust and efficient but alsoconverges quickly and can be carried out simply, that makes it better than other complicated GA.

Clinical applications of MARSALA for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy

Conventional PCR methods combined with linkage analysis based on short tandem repeats （STRs） or Karyomapping with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） arrays, have been applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） for spinal muscular atrophy （SMA）, an autosome recessive disorder. However, it has limitations in SMA diagnosis by Karyomapping, and these methods are unable to distinguish wild- type embryos with carriers effectively. Mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analyses （MARSALA） is a new method allowing embryo selection by a one-step next-generation sequencing （NGS） procedure, which has been applied in PGD for both autosome dominant and X-linked diseases in our group previously. In this study, we carried out PGD based on MARSALA for two carrier families with SMA affected children. As a result, one of the couples has given birth to a healthy baby free of mutations in SMA-causing gene. It is the first time that MARSALA was applied to PGD for SMA, and we can distinguish the embryos with heterozygous deletion （carriers） from the wild-type （normal） ones accurately through this NGS-based method. In addition, direct mutation detection allows us to identify the affected embryos （homozygous deletion）, which can be regarded as probands for linkage analysis, in case that the affected family member is absent, In the future, the NGS-based MARSALA method is expected to be used in PGD for all monogenetic disorders with known pathogenic gene mutation.

Hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm with back propagation neural network for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum

In this study, a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm （GA） with back propagation （BP） neural network （GA-BP） was proposed for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum. Simulations and experimental results show that the GA-BP hybrid algorithm can accurately identify the position and amount of peaks in multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum. Moreover, the proposed algorithm obtains a fitting degree of 0.9923 and a mean square error of 0.0094. Therefore, the GA-BP hybrid algorithm possesses a good fitting precision and is suitable for extracting the characteristics of multi-peak Brillouin scattering spectrum.

An acupuncture meta-analysis for optic atrophy Seven randomized,controlled trials

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for optic atrophy. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search was conducted in Medline （1966-2008）, Embase （1986-2008）, the Cochrane Library （up to 2008）, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （1975-2008）, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （1994-2008）, VIP Database （1989-2008）, Wanfang Database （1980-2008） and the National Research Register for ongoing trials. DATA SELECTION： Randomized, controlled trials addressing acupuncture treatment for patients with optic atrophy were included in this review. Inclusion criteria evaluated all forms of acupuncture therapy, such as filiform needle, electro-acupuncture, laser-acupuncture, acupressure, and auricular-acupuncture. Comparisons between acupuncture therapy and no treatment （blank） or placebo or Chinese medicine or Western medicine, as well as between acupuncture as an adjuvant and other treatments, were included. Exclusion criteria included studies comparing different forms of acupuncture therapy, different manipulations of acupuncture, and different acupuncture prescriptions, as well as non-randomized, controlled trials and animal studies. The domain-based evaluation criteria recommended by the guidelines in Chapter 8 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.1 was used to assess quality of the included studies. According to the type of outcome index, measurement data as assessed by weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval; numeration data was estimated by relative risk and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was analyzed by Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Improved visual acuity and visual field was sought between treatment and control groups in the included articles. RESULTS： Seven randomized, controlled trials were included after screening and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. However, the studies were of low methodological quality and lacked comparisons between acupuncture and no treatment or placebo. Applying visual acuity as the outcome index, meta-analysis indicated： the effect of medicine combined with acupuncture was superior to the medicine alone （relative risk = 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.70, P 〈 0.01 ）, the efficacy of acupuncture was better than medicine alone （relative risk =1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.77, P 〈 0.01 ）. Using visual field as the other outcome index, meta-analysis revealed： effectiveness of acupuncture or acupuncture in combination with medicine was superior to medicine alone （relative risk = 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.27-1.69, P 〈 0.01 ）. The 7 included articles were incorporated in a sensitivity analysis, and the overall effect showed a significant difference （relative risk = 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.56, P 〈 0.01）. Acupuncture was not associated with any adverse events in any of the studies. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture therapy was determined to be superior to medicine in terms of improved visual acuity and visual field. However, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials with adequate controls and scientific rigor are urgently needed.

Quantitative analysis of optic disc changes in school-age children with ametropia based on artificial intelligence

AIM:To explore changes in the optic disc and peripapillary atrophy(PPA)in school-age children with ametropia using color fundus photography combined with artificial intelligence(AI)technology.METHODS:Based on the retrospective case-controlled study,226 eyes of 113 children aged aged 6–12y were enrolled from October 2021 to May 2022.According to the results of spherical equivalent(SE),the children were divided into four groups:low myopia group(66 eyes),moderate myopia group(60 eyes),high myopia group(50 eyes)and emmetropia control group(50 eyes).All subjects underwent un-aided visual acuity,dilated pupil optometry,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,ocular axis measurement and color fundus photography.RESULTS:The width of PPA,horizontal diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc were significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05).The width of the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rim,the roundness of the optic disc,the height of PPA,the vertical diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc,and the average density of PPA in the high myopia group were significantly different compared with the other three groups(P<0.05).There were strong negative correlations between SE and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc(r=-0.812,P<0.001)and strong positive correlation between axial length(AL)and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc(r=0.736,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In school-age children with high myopia,the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rims are narrowed and even lost,which have high sensitivity.The area ratio of the PPA to the optic disc could be used as an early predictor of myopia progression,which is of great significance for the development prevention and management of myopia.

Correlations between the optic nerve head morphology and ocular biometrics in highly myopic eyes

AIM： To analyze peripapillary atrophy β/γ zone （PPA-β/γ） and the optic disc ovality index, and to assess their associations with the axial length （AL）, refractive error, best corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, choroidal thickness （CT）, and age in highly myopic eyes. METHODS： This was a retrospective observational case series. The study included 667 patients consecutively examined for highly myopic eyes [spherical equivalent ≤-6.0 diopters （D） and AL≥26 mm] with or without myopic retinopathy. Each patient went through a comprehensive ophthalmological examination that included spectral domain optical coherence tomography （SD-OCT） of the macula, A-mode ultrasonography, and a cycloplegic refraction test. The ovality index and PPA-β/γ area were measured from optic disc photographs. RESULTS： A significant association was seen between PPA-β/γ area and the ovality index （P=0.000, r=-0.232）. The PPA-β/γ area increased significantly with a longer AL, older age, worse BCVA, higher refractive error, and thinner choroid （P〈0.01）. The oval disc was significantly correlated with a longer AL, older age, worse BCVA, higher refractive error, larger PPA-β/γ area, and thinner choroid （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION： The PPA-β/γ zone and ovality index in highly myopic eyes show distinct associations with the AL, refractive error, BCVA, age, and CT.

Bilateral Optical Nerve Atrophy Secondary to Lateral Occipital Lobe Infarction

Purpose:To report a phenomenon of optical nerve atrophy secondary to lateral occipital lobe infarction. Methods:Two successive patients with unilateral occipital lobe infarction who experienced bilateral optical nerve atrophy during the follow-up underwent cranial imaging, fundus photography, and campimetry. Results:Each patient was diagnosed with occipital lobe infarction by cranial MRI. During the follow-up, a bilateral optic atrophy was revealed,and campimetry showed a right homonymous hemianopia of both eyes with concomitant macular division. Conclusion:Bilateral optic atrophy was related to occipital lobe infarction, and a possible explanation for the atrophy was transneuronal degeneration caused by occipital lobe infarction.

HOW TO TREAT OPTIC ATROPHY WITH ACUPUNCTURE ?

Optic atrophy results mostly from affection by exopathic wind pathogen, insufficiency of Qi and Xue(blood) or hyperactivity of the liver-yang. We choose Qiuhou(EX-HN 7), Jingming(BL1 ), Taiyang(EX-HN 5 ) and Fengchi(GB 20) as the main acupoints and combine other auxiliary points according to different syndromes. For example, Hegu(LI 4) and Waiguan(TE 5 ) are supplemented for affection by exopathic wind pathogen, Qihai(CV 6), Zusanli(ST 36), Xuehai(SP 10) and Guang-ming(GB 37) for insufficiency of Qi and Xue, and Guanshu(BL 18), Baihui(GV 20), Taixi(KI 3),Sanyinjiao(SP 6) and Guangming(GB 37) for hyperactivity of the liveryang. When Qiuhou(EX-HN 7), Jingming(BL 1 ) and Fenchi(GB 20) punctured, the need1ing direction, angle and depth should be controlled very appropriate for achieving good therapeutic effect.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF 110 CASES OF OPTIC ATROPHY WITH ACUPUNCTURE

The author punctured Kuangshang (the medial one third of the supraorbitalmargin ), Jieli (midway between the occipital condyle and apex helix) and Yintang ((EX-HN3 ) asmain points to treat optic atrophy in 164 eyes of 110 patients. The results showed that 12 eyes (7.3% ) were cured, 71 eyes (43. 3 % ) remarkably effective, 39 eyes (23. 8 % ) improved and 42 eyes(25. 6 % ) ineffective, with the total effective rate 74. 4 %.

OBSERVATION ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE ON OPTIC ATROPHY(48 CASES)

48 cases of optic atrophy were treated with acupuncture. Qiuhou (EX-HN 7), Jing-ming (BL 1), Ganshu (BL 18), Pishu (BL 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yiming (EX-HN 14), Guangming (GB 37), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Yanglao (SI 6), Sibai (ST 2), Tongziliao(GB 1) were selected as main points, of which three to five points were punctured each time, but thefirst two were used necessarily. According to an overall differentiation of symptoms and signs auxiliarypoints were supplemented. The treatment was given once everyday with the manipulations of twirlingneedles plus slow or rapid insertion for reinforcing or reducing to make the needling sensation reach theeye regions. Twelve treatments made a course with an interval of 3 days between the two courses. Itwas shown that 15 cases were markedly effective (3l. 25 % ), 26 improved (54. 17% ), and 7 ineffec-tive (14. 58 % ). The total effective rate was 85.42%.

38 CASES OF OPTIC ATROPHY TREATED BY NEEDLING QIUHOU POINT

Being a degenerative disease of the optic ner-ve,optic atrophy manifests marked loss of visualacuity,shrinking of visual field with pale opticfundus and narrowing of its vessels,resulting intotal and permanent blindness in severe cases.

OPTIC ATROPHY TREATED WITH ACUPUNCTURE

Trauma of the head is one of the commoncauses leading to optic atrophy.We have adapt-ed acupuncture to treat traumatic optic atrophywith rather satisfactory results.CLINICAL DATAIn this series,all 17 cases were male,diag-nosed as optic atrophy,with their ages rangingfrom 9 to 51 years.Before acupuncture treatment,

Clinical effect of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine on optic atrophy caused by neuromyelitis optica

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on optic nerve atrophy caused by neuromyelitis optic(NMO).Methods:the patients with optic atrophy caused by NMO with optic neuritis who visited the ophthalmology or neuro-ophthalmology clinic of our hospital from March 2016 to December 2019 were collected.The patients were treated with acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for 8 weeks before and after treatment.The best corrected visual acuity and dynamic visual field were tested before treatment,4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively,to evaluate the effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on the visual function of patients;Results:after 4 weeks of treatment,the visual acuity of 8 eyes improved more than 2 lines,the total effective rate was 91.67%.after 8 weeks of treatment,the visual acuity of 12 eyes improved more than 2 lines,the total effective rate was 100%;after 4 weeks of treatment,the mean defect(MD)and mean sensitivity(MS)of dynamic visual field were improved,but the difference was not statistically significant(MD:t=1.579,P=0.121;MS:t=-1.500,P=0.140);after 8 weeks of treatment,the MD was significantly decreased(t=2.65,P<0.05),and the MS was significantly improved and statistically significant(t=-2.58,P<0.05).Conclusion:the combination of acupuncture and Chinese medicine can significantly improve the visual function of patients with optic atrophy caused by NMO,improve the best corrected visual acuity and dynamic visual field sensitivity,and reduce the visual field defect.

The study on aperture configuration of optical synthetic aperture imaging system

A model based on Fourier domain consideration on aperture configuration of optical synthetic aperture imaging system is introduced in this paper. The derivation of the model is directly linked to the restoration error of the original object from the recorded image. The aperture configuration is a function of the maximum frequency of interest, and takes into account the diameter of the aperture. The simulative results of genetic algorithms illustrate the usefulness of this model lot designing a synthetic aperture optical imaging system, and the aperture configuration of a good synthetic aperture optical imaging system should be non-redundant.

Intravital imaging of adriamycin-induced renal pathology using two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography

Adriamycin(doxorubicin),a common cancer chemotherapeutic drug,can be used to induce a model of chronic progressive glomerular disease in rodents.In our studies,we evahuated renal changes in a rat model after Adriamydin injection using two photon microscopy(TPM),optical coherence tomography(OCT)and Doppler OCT(DOCT).Taking advantage of deep penetra-tion and fast scanning speed for three dimensional(3D)label-free imaging,OCT/DOCT system was able to reveal glomerular and tubular pathology noninvasively and in real time.By imaging renal pathology following the infusion of fAuorophore-labeled dextrans of different molecular weights,TPM can provide direct views of glomerular and tubular flow dynamics with the onset and progression of renal disease.Specifically,glomerular permeability and filtration,proximal and distal tubular flow dynamics can be revealed.6-8 weeks after injection of Adriamycin,TPM and OCT/DOCT imaging revealed glomerular sclerosis,compromised flow across the glomerular wall,tubular atrophy,tubular dilation,and variable intra-tubular flow dynamics.Our results indicate that TPM and OCT/DOCT provide real-time imaging of renal pathology in vivo that has not been previously available using conventional microscopic procedures.

Acupuncture Therapy for the Treatment of Optic Nerve Atrophy

Objective: Optical Nerve Atrophy is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide. The condition is linked to several pathologies, which contribute to the damage of the optic nerve. The presence of a tumor on the optic nerve, improper formation of the optic nerve, glaucoma, hereditary and central nervous system diseases, and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy promote deterioration of the optic nerve. The purpose of this review is to examine the efficacy of acupuncture therapy for ONA. Method: Clinical trials (case control-trials), and randomized control trials (RCTs) were assessed to observe the efficacy of acupuncture as well as the safety of acupuncture, needling manipulation, and acupoints selection. The data collected in this research include scientific research papers from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PUBMED library, National Library of Medicine (NLM), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and other literature library date present. Ophthalmoscope, OCT, pupils test, ocular alignment, nystagmus, and visual acuity check were the diagnostic tools used for ONA in the included study. ONA treatment has been a challenge to ophthalmologists over the past decades. At present, western approaches have no fixed treatment mechanism for the condition. Early diagnosis, the use of magnifying lenses, and reduction of increased fluid around the spinal cord and brain are the multiple disciplinary approaches used in western medicine for ONA. On the other hand, Acupuncture, a branch of traditional Chinese medicine, which stimulates the body’s natural healing ability to promote physical and emotional well-being, has reported some significant treatment effects for ONA. Result: The overall result shows that Acupuncture greatly improved patients’ visual acuity, visual field, and visual function in the included study. Acupuncture acting alone showed significant superiority over other treatments for optical nerve atrophy. Acupuncture combined with medication could improve a patient’s condition more rapidly than medications alone. Conclusion: Optic nerve atrophy is a threatening condition to the vision, which is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Acupuncture has improved the condition of patients with ONA more effectively than other treatment mechanisms in the included study. However, more clinical trials need to be carried out to substantiate stronger evidence of acupuncture for ONA.

Application of optical coherence tomography in hereditary,toxic and metabolic optic neuropathies

Hereditary,metabolic and toxic optic neuropathies cause bilateral,central vision loss and therefore can result in severe impairment in visual function.Accurate,early diagnosis is critical,as nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies may be reversible if identified early,and diagnosis of hereditary optic neuropathies can prevent unnecessary invasive workup,provide prognostic information,and allow for effective genetic counseling.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)is a valuable tool that aids in the diagnosis and prognostication of optic neuropathies as it allows for quantification of changes in the retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)over time.We review the characteristic clinical presentations of hereditary,metabolic and toxic optic neuropathies,with an emphasis on OCT findings.

OPA1基因新发无义变异导致ADOA一家系临床表型和基因型分析

目的分析常染色体显性遗传性视神经萎缩(ADOA)一家系的临床表型及基因型。方法采用家系调查研究方法,纳入2023年7-10月在河南省立眼科医院就诊的中国河南地区汉族ADOA一家系2代4名成员,包括2例患者。详细询问患者及其家系成员病史,并进行全面的眼科检查,包括视力、视野、眼底、视网膜电图(ERG)、视觉诱发电位(VEP)、光学相干断层扫描;同时进行听力、肌电图及颅脑磁共振检查以明确是否伴有全身异常。收集该家系4名成员的外周血,对先证者进行全外显子组测序,其他成员采用Sanger测序验证。对新发现的变异位点进行致病性和蛋白结构分析。结果先证者女,15岁,左眼视力下降4年,双眼视神经萎缩,双眼黄斑区中心凹厚度稍变薄,神经节细胞复合体层厚度局部轻度变薄,VEP各波呈低振幅改变,部分视野缺失;全身检查未见明显听力障碍和肌张力异常。先证者母亲视神经部分区域萎缩,双眼黄斑区中心凹厚度稍变薄,VEP检查未见明显异常,ERG轻度异常。全外显子组测序结果显示,先证者及其母亲OPA 1基因外显子6出现杂合无义变异c.676C>T(p.Gln226Ter),该变异位点在HGMD数据库未见报道,千人基因组和gnomAD数据库未见收录,其可导致226位谷氨酰胺处发生提前终止。蛋白结构分析显示,OPA1蛋白p.Gln226Ter可造成蛋白与周围残基相结合的氢键改变,进而导致蛋白功能改变。根据ACMG指南,该变异可能致病。结论该ADOA家系患者表现为青少年时期发病的双眼视神经萎缩,左眼为主;OPA 1基因c.676C>T变异可能为该ADOA家系致病变异位点,该变异位点为首次报道。