Optical Label-Based Cost-Effective DWDM Optical Network Performance Monitoring Using Low-Bandwidth PD with Novel SRS Mitigation DSP

Large-scale dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)multi-channel performance monitoring is one of the indispensable technologies for the flexible optical networks.The existing Labelbased monitoring scheme requires expensive optical demultiplexing components/equipment to avoid the influence of stimulated Raman scattering(SRS),which is not only costly and bulky,but also could not monitor the wavelength channels simultaneously.In this paper,a low-cost,high-accuracy monitoring scheme based on Optical Label Method is proposed for DWDM networks,where the optical channel power and node identification(ID),as the main monitoring targets that both can indicate or evaluate the channel connection status,could be efficiently monitored.In the scheme,a novel digital signal processing(DSP)method of SRS mitigation is proposed and demonstrated,and an asynchronous code-division multiple access(A-CDMA)based digital label encoding and decoding method is adopted to distinguish the node ID so that channel initial added node can be accurately verified,thereby wavelength connection status can be reliably monitored by combining the channel power and node ID information.The simulation results show that each wavelength channel power and node ID can be accurately monitored only by low bandwidth photoelectric detector(PD)under the condition of 80 wavelengths and 10 spans at C-band.

Investigation of the influence of key parameters on system performance in all-optical label switching based on FSK/ASK orthogonal modulation format

The transmission characteristics of the optical label switching system based on the FSK/ASK orthogonal modulation format is investigated. The factors that affect the transmission performance, such as the FSK tone space, dispersion compensation and coupler split ratio, are studied by numerical simulation. The proposed scheme is also experimentally demonstrated with a transmission of 155 Mbit/s FSK label combined with 10 Gbit/s ASK payload.

155 Mb/s-10 Gb/s combined FSK-IM/optical label-packet modulation signals 100 km transmission over standard single mode fiber using mid-span spectral inversion by four-wave mixing in an SOA

This paper introduces the mid-span spectral inversion by four-wave mixing in a commercially available semiconductor optical amplifier （SOA） with a length of about 1.5 mm to optical label switching network based on combined frequency shift keying （FSK）-intensiy modulation （IM）/optical label-packet modulation to overcome the dispersion limitation of fiber. The 155 Mb/s-10 Gb/s combined FSK/IM signal is experimentally transmitted over a 100 km standard single mode fiber. 10^-10 and 10^-9 BER （bit error ratio）, or even better, is achieved for the FSK label and IM packet, respectively. The -19 dB power conversion efficiency is obtained for -1 nm wavelength detuning.

Investigation of Dispersion Compensation in 2.5 Gbit/s OOK Label and 40 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK Payload Optical Label Switching System Based on Optical Carrier Suppression and Separation

Three dispersion compensation schemes of an optical label switching transmission system were investigated, which employs 40 Gbit/s return zero differential phase-shift keying（RZ-DPSK） payload labeled with 2.5 Gbit/s on-off keying（OOK） signal based on the optical carrier suppression and separation（OCSS） techniq ue, In the system, proposed are the receiver sensi ti vity oS payload and label, achieving -- 32. 4 dBm and --38.5 dBm, respectively. Using the optimal dispersion compensation scheme, after transmitted over 160 km and 320 km SMF respectively, the label can be recovered without power penalty, while the payload can be recovered with less than 2 dB and 5 dB penalty, respectively.

Optimization of Key Parameters in 622-Mb/s Amplitude Shift Keying Labeled 40-Gb/s Return to Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying Optical Switching Network

Optimized are the label extinction ratio and dispersion compensation of an optical label switching transmission system,which employs 40-Gb/s return to zero differential phase shift keying(RZ-DPSK)payload labeled with 622-Mb/s amplitude shift keying(ASK)control data.In our scheme,the receiver sensitivities of payload and label achieves-27.8dBm and-33.5dBm,respectively.After transmitted over 40km,60km and 80km single mode fiber(SMF)(with dispersion compensation)respectively,the payload can be recovered with no power penalty,while the label can be recovered with less than 2dB penalty.

Photonic Packet Switching Based on Optical Label Processing

We express a photonic packet switch prototype based on optical label processing methods which dramatically increase the label processing capability. We experimentally demonstrate 40Gbit/s/port packet switching and optical buffering capabilities of the prototype.

Performance Analysis of 112Gb/s×4-Channel WDM PDM-DQPSK Optical Label Switching System With Spectral Amplitude Code Labels

We present the performance analysis of ll2Gb/s-4 wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） 100GHz channel spacing polarization division multiplexed-differential quadrature phase shift keying （PDM-DQPSK） optical label switching system with frequency swept coherent detected spectral amplitude code labels. Direct detection is chosen to demodulate the payload by applying a polarization tracker, while 4-bits of 156Mb/s spectral amplitude code label is coherently detected with a scheme of frequently-swept coherent detection. We optimize the payload laser linewidth as well as the frequency spacing between the payload and label. The label and payload signal performances are assessed by the eye-diagram opening factor （EOF） and bit-error rate （BER） at 10 9 as a function of the received optical power （ROP） and the optical signal to noise ratio （OSNR）. The payload could well be demodulated after 900 km at a bit error rate of 10-3 using forward error correction （FEC）.

Optical Packet Switching Scheme Using Multi-optical-code Labels

Proposed is a novel optical code(OC) label switching scheme in which an optical label is constructed by multiple parallel optical codes.The performances of splitting loss and BER are simulated and analyzed.Simulation results show that the proposed label can be correctly recognized to perform packet switching.Compared with reported schemes using one OC as a label,the splitting loss in our proposal is lowered.

NLRP3 inflammasome in retinal ganglion cell loss in optic neuropathy

In neurodegenerative diseases,neuroinflammatory responses are often activated in resident immune cells in the central nervous system（CNS）（Schroder and Tschopp,2010）.Optic neuropathy refers to dysfunction and degeneration of retinal ganglion cells（RGCs）and their axons,which is often induced by optic nerve injury or glaucomatous insult.Studies,