The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^...The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^(30)Si(^(3)He,d)^(31)P,^(13)B(d,^(3)He)^(12)Be,and^(34)S(^(3)He,d)^(35)Cl reactions at incident energies of 25,46,and 25 MeV,respectively,within the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation.The differential cross sections at the first peaks in the angular distributions of these reactions are found to have uncertainties of approximately 5%,owing to the uncertainties in the optical model potentials from 20,000 calculations of randomly sampled parameters.This amount of uncertainty is found to be nearly independent of the angular momentum transfer and the target masses within the studied range of incident energies.Uncertainties in the single proton spectroscopic factors obtained by matching the theoretical and experimental cross sections at different scattering angles are also discussed.展开更多
A set of new global phenomenological optical model potential parameters has been obtained in the mass range of target nuclei 220≤A≤260 with incident energies below 300 MeV, by simultaneously fitting the experimental...A set of new global phenomenological optical model potential parameters has been obtained in the mass range of target nuclei 220≤A≤260 with incident energies below 300 MeV, by simultaneously fitting the experimental data of 232Th and 23Su, and these potential parameters are analyzed and used to calculate the reaction cross sections, energy spectra and double differ- ential cross sections for p+232Th reaction. Comparison of calculated results using these potential parameters with available experimental data shows that the present form of global optical model potential could reproduce experimental data for both the neutron and the proton.展开更多
The consistent three-body model reaction methodology(TBMRM)proposed by J.Lee et al.[Phys.Rev.C 69,064313(2004);Phys.Rev.C 73,044608(2006);Phys.Rev.C 75,064320(2007)],which includes adopting the simple zero-range adiab...The consistent three-body model reaction methodology(TBMRM)proposed by J.Lee et al.[Phys.Rev.C 69,064313(2004);Phys.Rev.C 73,044608(2006);Phys.Rev.C 75,064320(2007)],which includes adopting the simple zero-range adiabatic wave approximation,constraining the single-particle potentials using modern Hartree-Fock calculations,and using global nucleon optical model potential(OMP)geometries,are widely applied in systematic studies of transfer reactions.In this study,we investigate the influence of different nucleon OMPs in extracting spectroscopic factors(SFs)from(p,d)reactions.Our study covers 32 sets of angular distribution data of(p,d)reactions on four targets and a large range of incident energies(20-200 MeV/nucleon).This study uses two semi-microscopic nucleon OMPs,i.e.,Jeukenne,Lejeune,and Mahaux(JLM)[Phys.Rev.C 16,80(1977);Phys.Rev.C 58,1118(1998)]and CTOM[Phys.Rev.C 94,034606(2016)],and a pure microscopic nucleon potential,i.e.,WLH[Phys.Rev.Lett.127,182502(2021)].The results are compared with those using the phenomenological global optical potential KD02[Nucl.Phys.A 713,231(2003)].We find that the incident energy dependence of spectroscopic factors extracted from(p,d)reactions is evidently suppressed when microscopic OMPs are employed for ^(12)C,^(28)Si,and 40Ca.In addition,spectroscopic factors extracted using the systematic microscopic optical potential CTOM based on the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory are more in line with the results obtained from(e,e′p)measurements,except for 16O and ^(40)Ca at high energies(>100 MeV),necessitating an exact treatment of double-magic nuclei.The results obtained by using the pure microscopic optical potential,WLH,based on the EFT theory show the same trend as those of CTOM but are generally higher.The JLM potential,which relies on simplified nuclear matter calculations with old-fashioned bare interactions,produces results that are very similar to those of the phenomenological potential KD02.Our results indicate that modern microscopic OMPs are reliable tools for probing the nuclear structure using transfer reactions across a wide energy range.展开更多
In the T-matrix form of the transfer reaction,the optical model potentials(OMPs)are used to compute the scattering wave function and transition operator.For most cases,the elastic scattering cross sections,normally us...In the T-matrix form of the transfer reaction,the optical model potentials(OMPs)are used to compute the scattering wave function and transition operator.For most cases,the elastic scattering cross sections,normally used to generate the OMPs,are not directly given in the same experiment.Then,the global OMPs,which fit the experimental data over a broad mass and energy range,are widely used in the theoretical calculations.Different sets of global OMPs with different parameter sets can reproduce the scattering cross section equally well within the uncertainty.Here,we apply different global OMPs to calculate the(differential)cross sections of(d,p)transfer reactions on the target nuclei^(12)C,^(48)Ca,^(124)Sn,and^(208)Pb at different energies.The results demonstrate that the effects of deuteron and nucleon global OMPs on transfer(differential)cross sections vary with energy and target mass.Furthermore,the influences of the spin-orbit coupling term of deuteron and nucleon global OMPs on the transfer cross sections are not negligible.展开更多
The microscopic global nucleon–nucleus optical model potential(OMP)proposed by Whitehead,Lim,and Holt,the WLH potential(Whitehead et al.,Phys Rev Lett 127:182502,2021),which was constructed in the framework of many-b...The microscopic global nucleon–nucleus optical model potential(OMP)proposed by Whitehead,Lim,and Holt,the WLH potential(Whitehead et al.,Phys Rev Lett 127:182502,2021),which was constructed in the framework of many-body per-turbation theory with state-of-the-art nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory(EFT),was tested with(p,d)transfer reactions calculated using adiabatic wave approximation.The target nuclei included both stable and unstable nuclei,and the incident energies reached 200 MeV.The results were compared with experimental data and predictions using the phenomenological global optical potential of Koning and Delaroche,the KD02 potential.Overall,we found that the micro-scopic WLH potential described the(p,d)reaction angular distributions similarly to the phenomenological KD02 potential;however,the former was slightly better than the latter for radioactive targets.On average,the obtained spectroscopic factors(SFs)using both microscopic and phenomenological potentials were similar when the incident energies were below approxi-mately 120 MeV.However,their difference tended to increase at higher incident energies,which was particularly apparent for the doubly magic target nucleus 40Ca.展开更多
This paper presents the results of a study that compares CTOM, a microscopic optical model potential(OMP), which is an optical model co-created by the China Nuclear Data Center & Tuebingen University, to CH89, whi...This paper presents the results of a study that compares CTOM, a microscopic optical model potential(OMP), which is an optical model co-created by the China Nuclear Data Center & Tuebingen University, to CH89, which is a typical phenomenological OMP.The respective OMPs were tested by applying them to the modelling of nucleon elastic scattering and(d,p) transfer reactions involving14C,36S, and58Ni targets at both low and relatively high energies. The results demonstrated that although both potentials successfully accounted for the angular distributions of both the elastic scattering and transfer cross sections, the absolute values of the transfer cross sections calculated using CTOM were approximately 25% larger than those calculated using CH89. This increased transfer cross sections allowed CTOM to produce single particle strength reduction factors for the three reactions that were consistent with those extracted from(e,e′p) reactions as well as with more recent(p,2p) and(p,pn) reactions. Notch tests suggested that nucleon elastic scattering and transfer reactions are sensitive to different regions of the OMP;accordingly,phenomenological OMPs, which are constrained only by elastic scattering cross sections, may not be sufficient for nucleon transfer reactions. Therefore, we suggest that microscopic OMPs, which reflect more theoretical considerations, should be preferred over phenomenological ones in calculations of direct nuclear reactions.展开更多
A development of the optical model for the description of hadron-nucleus scattering is proposed. When describing the behaviour of observables for elastic proton scattering from ^40Ca nuclei at the energy of 200 Me V t...A development of the optical model for the description of hadron-nucleus scattering is proposed. When describing the behaviour of observables for elastic proton scattering from ^40Ca nuclei at the energy of 200 Me V the second Born approximation is used. Analytical expressions for the scattering amplitudes as well as for the differential cross section and polarization observables were obtained. The observables calculated in this approach are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.展开更多
Detailed investigations on the notch technique are performed on ideal data generated by the optical model potential parameters extracted from the 16O+208spb system at the laboratory energy of 129.5 MeV, to study the ...Detailed investigations on the notch technique are performed on ideal data generated by the optical model potential parameters extracted from the 16O+208spb system at the laboratory energy of 129.5 MeV, to study the sensitivities of this technique to the model parameters as well as the experimental data. It is found that for the perturbation parameters, a sufficiently large reduced fraction and an appropriate small perturbation width are necessary to determine the accurate radial sensitivity; while for the potential parameters, almost no dependence was observed. For the experimental measurements, the number of data points has little influence for heavy target systems, and the relative inner information of the nuclear potential can be derived when the measurement is extended to a lower cross section.展开更多
We construct a new global optical model potential to describe the elastic scattering of 12C.The experimental data of elastic-scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections for targets from 24Mg to ...We construct a new global optical model potential to describe the elastic scattering of 12C.The experimental data of elastic-scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections for targets from 24Mg to 209Bi are considered below 200 MeV within the framework of the optical model.The results calculated using the derived global optical potential are then compared with the existing experimental data.The reliability of the global optical potential is further tested by predicting the elastic scattering data out of the mass and energy ranges,within which the global potential parameters are determined,and reasonable results are also obtained.展开更多
The flexible structure of photonic crystal fibre not only offers novel optical properties but also brings some difficulties in keeping the fibre structure in the fabrication process which inevitably cause the optical ...The flexible structure of photonic crystal fibre not only offers novel optical properties but also brings some difficulties in keeping the fibre structure in the fabrication process which inevitably cause the optical properties of the resulting fibre to deviate from the designed properties. Therefore, a method of evaluating the optical properties of the actual fibre is necessary for the purpose of application. Up to now, the methods employed to measure the properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre often require long fibre samples or complex expensive equipments. To our knowledge, there are few studies of modeling an actual photonic crystal fibre and evaluating its properties rapidly. In this paper, a novel method, based on the combination model of digital image processing and the finite element method, is proposed to rapidly model the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre. Two kinds of photonic crystal fibres made by Crystal Fiber A/S are modeled. It is confirmed from numerical results that the proposed method is simple, rapid and accurate for evaluating the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre without requiring complex equipment.展开更多
The capacitively coupled radio frequency(CCRF)plasma has been widely used in various fields.In some cases,it requires us to estimate the range of key plasma parameters simpler and quicker in order to understand the ...The capacitively coupled radio frequency(CCRF)plasma has been widely used in various fields.In some cases,it requires us to estimate the range of key plasma parameters simpler and quicker in order to understand the behavior in plasma.In this paper,a glass vacuum chamber and a pair of plate electrodes were designed and fabricated,using 13.56 MHz radio frequency(RF)discharge technology to ionize the working gas of Ar.This discharge was mathematically described with equivalent circuit model.The discharge voltage and current of the plasma were measured atdifferent pressures and different powers.Based on the capacitively coupled homogeneous discharge model,the equivalent circuit and the analytical formula were established.The plasma density and temperature were calculated by using the equivalent impedance principle and energy balance equation.The experimental results show that when RF discharge power is 50–300 W and pressure is 25–250 Pa,the average electron temperature is about 1.7–2.1 e V and the average electron density is about 0.5?×10^17–3.6?×10^17m^-3.Agreement was found when the results were compared to those given by optical emission spectroscopy and COMSOL simulation.展开更多
We have compiled a sample of two subsets of AGN selected from their optical and X ray data. The first subset was selected for very broad and/or peculiar optical emission line profiles, the second for a high X ray flux...We have compiled a sample of two subsets of AGN selected from their optical and X ray data. The first subset was selected for very broad and/or peculiar optical emission line profiles, the second for a high X ray flux. Here we will discuss properties of these galaxies and show that both subsets are very similar in the multi wavelength view. Furthermore, we will discuss differences between the two subsets and their implications for a Unified Model of AGN.展开更多
Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of...Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.展开更多
As a high-resolution optical imaging technology,Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.It has played an important role in the detection and iden...As a high-resolution optical imaging technology,Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.It has played an important role in the detection and identification of atherosclerotic plaques and has significant advantages.In this paper,we realized to extract the optical characteristic parameters of the target sample based on the OCT data by establishing optical transmission models conforming to the OCT principle.The optical phantoms and coronary artery of domestic pig were used as research samples to study the difference between the optical properties of the cardiovascular tissues.It can provide a basic method for further study of optical characteristic parameters of atherosclerotic plaques,and also lay a foundation for realizing the quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques with multiple optical characteristic parameters in the future.展开更多
Wavelength-dependent mathematical modelling of the differential energy change of a photon has been performed inside a proposed hypothetical optical medium.The existence of this medium demands certain mathematical cons...Wavelength-dependent mathematical modelling of the differential energy change of a photon has been performed inside a proposed hypothetical optical medium.The existence of this medium demands certain mathematical constraints,which have been derived in detail.Using reverse modelling,a medium satisfying the derived conditions is proven to store energy as the photon propagates from the entry to exit point.A single photon with a given intensity is considered in the analysis and hypothesized to possess a definite non-zero probability of maintaining its energy and velocity functions analytic inside the proposed optical medium,despite scattering,absorption,fluorescence,heat generation,and other nonlinear mechanisms.The energy and velocity functions are thus singly and doubly differentiable with respect to wavelength.The solution of the resulting second-order differential equation in two variables proves that energy storage or energy flotation occurs inside a medium with a refractive index satisfying the described mathematical constraints.The minimum-value-normalized refractive index profiles of the modelled optical medium for transformed wavelengths both inside the medium and for vacuum have been derived.Mathematical proofs,design equations,and detailed numerical analyses are presented in the paper.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Scholars have supposed to establish animal models of optic neuropathy by pressing and partially amputating optic nerve, increasing intraocular pressure and injecting vasoconstrictor, etc., but the models ...BACKGROUND: Scholars have supposed to establish animal models of optic neuropathy by pressing and partially amputating optic nerve, increasing intraocular pressure and injecting vasoconstrictor, etc., but the models are greatly different from anterior ischemia optic neuropathy. Therefore, a more ideal method is needed to establish animal model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). OBJECTIVE : To establish AION models in rats, observe the functional changes of fundus, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP), and histopathologically confirm its reliability. DESIGN: A randomized control tria SETTINGS : Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital; Xi'an Institute of Ocular Fundus Diseases MATERIALS : The experiments were carried out in the research room of Xi'an Institute of Ocular Fundus Diseases from February 2005 to May 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats of 4-5 weeks old, weighing 140-160 g, were provided by the animal experimental center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA [SCXK (Military)2002-005], and those without eye disease examined by slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope after mydriasis were enrolled. The conditions for feeding mice without special pathogen were strictly followed. The rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n =5), laser group (n =5), hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) group and AION group (n =15), each group was numbered randomly. For each rat, the right eye was taken as the experimental eye, and the left one as the control one. METHODS: In the AION group, the rats were injected with HPD (10 mg/kg) via caudal vein, and then the optic discs were exposed to krypton red (647 nm, 80 mV) for 120 s, and the rats were in avoidance of light for 2 weeks postoperatively. Rats in the laser group were only exposed to krypton red (647 rim, 80 mV) for 120 s, and in avoidance of light for 2 weeks postoperatively; Those in the HPD group were only injected with HPD (10 mg/kg) via caudal vein; Those in the blank control group were untouched. (1) Visual electrophysiological test: The F-VEP was used to evaluate the function of visual nerve. (2) FFA: After mydriasis and anesthesia as describe above, the fluorescein sodium parenteral solution (1 mL/kg) was injected v/a caudal vein and finished within about 3 s, the time of FFA was recorded from the beginning of injection, the video sight aimed at the optic disc and the surrounding area. (3) After mydriasis and anesthesia as describe above, the rats were examined with OCT. (4) Histological observation: After hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the optic disc and surrounding blood vessels of retina were observed under light microscope at high power field. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of fundus, FFA, visual electrophysiological test and OCT detection within 90 days after model establishment were observed. RESULTS: Of the 30 rats, 1 died after anesthesia in the laser group and 2 died in the AION group respectively, and finally 27 rats were involved in the analysis of results. (1) Changes in fundus: In the AION group, there was edema in upper optic disc and unclear boundary at 1 day after establishment, edema still could be observed at 6 days, and upper optic disc atrophied and appeared as pale at 90 days. (2) FFA results: In the AION group, early "low fluorescence", middle and late "high fluorescence" were observed in upper optic disc 1 day after model establishment, and there was "low fluorescence" at 6 days, and the low fluorescence could be observed all the time at 23 days. (3) Visual electrophysiological changes: In the AION group as compared with the control eyes, the experimental ones had prolonged F-VEP P100 latency [(71.65±8.81), (57.58±8.38) ms, t =3.148, P =0.012], and decreased wave amplitude [(4.77±1.90), (10.06±3.66) μV, t =4.082, P =0.003], and these changes lasted to 35 days after model establishment. (4) OCT results: In the AION group, the reflection surface of part nerve fiber layer was higher than the retina plane, the surface was rough and the thickness was increased at 6 days after model establishment. (5) Histopathological results: At 1 day after model establishment, part optic discs had highly edema, edema of nerve fibers, and loose tissue, also accompanied by the displacement of surrounding retina; At 23 days, the optic disc and surrounding nerve fiber layers became thinner, and the numbers of ganglion nuclei in the retina tissue sections were obviously decreased. These changes were not observed in the laser group, HPD group and blank control group. CONCLUSION : The changes of fundus, FFA, OCT, visual electrophysiology and histopathology confirmed that the krypton red laser irradiation (647 nm) at 2 hours after HPD was injected via caudal vein can establish more ideal animal models of AION.展开更多
Surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles leads to the optical absorption enhancement effects,which have great potential applications in solar cell.By using the general numerical method of discrete dipole...Surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles leads to the optical absorption enhancement effects,which have great potential applications in solar cell.By using the general numerical method of discrete dipole approximation (DDA),we study the absorption and scattering properties of two-dimensional square silver nanodisks (2D SSN) arrays on the single crystal silicon solar cell.Based on the effective reflective index model of the single crystal silicon solar cell,we investigate the optical enhancement absorption of light energy by varying the light incident direction,particle size,aspect ratio,and interparticle spacing of the silver nanodisks.The peak values and position of the optical extinction spectra of the 2D square arrays of noble metal nanodisks are obtained with the different array structures.展开更多
In this paper, we give a definition of the Fermi function, or the so-called Woods-Saxon potential, a well-known potential in nuclear physics;then, we give a few of its applications as examples. Some important integral...In this paper, we give a definition of the Fermi function, or the so-called Woods-Saxon potential, a well-known potential in nuclear physics;then, we give a few of its applications as examples. Some important integrals, which involve this function, are computed discussing the integrability and convergence of these integrals. Following, we derive formulae that encounter the above-mentioned function to get nuclear and generalized moments;the radial Fourier transformation is also exposed. Some related applications are then given that use such important integrals;in particular, we give the computation in conjunction with the problem of getting the optical-model potential for heavy-ion interactions at intermediate energies. Finally, we conclude with important remarks to do with the evolution of the subject.展开更多
As one type of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy(SORS), inverse SORS is particularly suited to in vivo biomedical measurements due to its ring-shaped illumination scheme. To explain inhomogeneous Raman scattering du...As one type of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy(SORS), inverse SORS is particularly suited to in vivo biomedical measurements due to its ring-shaped illumination scheme. To explain inhomogeneous Raman scattering during in vivo inverse SORS measurements, the light–tissue interactions when excitation and regenerated Raman photons propagate in skin tissue were studied using Monte Carlo simulation. An eight-layered skin model was first built based on the latest transmission parameters. Then, an open-source platform, Monte Carlo e Xtreme(MCX), was adapted to study the distribution of 785 nm excitation photons inside the model with an inverse spatially shifted annular beam. The excitation photons were converted to emission photons by an inverse distribution method based on excitation flux with spatial offsets Δs of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm. The intrinsic Raman spectra from separated skin layers were measured by continuous linear scanning to improve the simulation accuracy. The obtained results explain why the spectral detection depth gradually increases with increasing spatial offset, and address how the intrinsic Raman spectrum from deep skin layers is distorted by the reabsorption and scattering of the superficial tissue constituents. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the spectral contribution from subcutaneous fat will be improved when the offset increases to 5 mm, and the highest detection efficiency for dermal layer spectral detection could be achieved when Δs = 2 mm. Reasonably good matching between the calculated spectrum and the measured in vivo inverse SORS was achieved, thus demonstrating great utility of our modeling method and an approach to help understand the clinical measurements.展开更多
In this paper,a new M3Y-type effective nucleon–nucleon interaction,derived based on the lowest order constrained variational approach(LOCV)and termed B3Y-Fetal,has been used in DDM3Y1,BDM3Y1,BDM3Y2,and BDM3Y3 density...In this paper,a new M3Y-type effective nucleon–nucleon interaction,derived based on the lowest order constrained variational approach(LOCV)and termed B3Y-Fetal,has been used in DDM3Y1,BDM3Y1,BDM3Y2,and BDM3Y3 density-dependent versions in a heavy ion(HI)optical potential based on four types of a real folded potential and a phenomenological Woods–Saxon imaginary potential to study the elastic scattering of the^(16)O+^(16)O nuclear system within the framework of the optical model(OM)by computing the associated differential cross sections at various incident energies.The results of the folding analyses have shown the DDB3Y1-Fetal and BDB3Y1-Fetal,out of the four folded potentials,give a reasonably better description of the elastic data of the nuclear system.These best-fit folded potentials are followed,in performance,by the BDB3Y2-Fetal,with the BDB3Y3-Fetal potential coming last.This performance trend was also demonstrated by the optical potentials based on the M3Y-Reid interaction.Furthermore,the best-fit folded potentials,renormalized by a factor NRof approximately 0.9,have been shown to reproduce the energy dependence of the real optical potential for^(16)O scattering found in previous optical model analyses creditably well.In excellent agreement with previous works,they have also been identified in this work to belong to the family of deep refractive potentials because they have been able to reproduce and consistently describe the evolution of Airylike structures,at large scattering angles,observed in the^(16)O scattering data at different energies.Finally,a comparison of the performances of B3Y-Fetal and M3Y-Reid effective interactions undertaken in this work has shown impressive agreement between them.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2067205).
文摘The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^(30)Si(^(3)He,d)^(31)P,^(13)B(d,^(3)He)^(12)Be,and^(34)S(^(3)He,d)^(35)Cl reactions at incident energies of 25,46,and 25 MeV,respectively,within the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation.The differential cross sections at the first peaks in the angular distributions of these reactions are found to have uncertainties of approximately 5%,owing to the uncertainties in the optical model potentials from 20,000 calculations of randomly sampled parameters.This amount of uncertainty is found to be nearly independent of the angular momentum transfer and the target masses within the studied range of incident energies.Uncertainties in the single proton spectroscopic factors obtained by matching the theoretical and experimental cross sections at different scattering angles are also discussed.
基金supported by the China Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2007CB209903)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)
文摘A set of new global phenomenological optical model potential parameters has been obtained in the mass range of target nuclei 220≤A≤260 with incident energies below 300 MeV, by simultaneously fitting the experimental data of 232Th and 23Su, and these potential parameters are analyzed and used to calculate the reaction cross sections, energy spectra and double differ- ential cross sections for p+232Th reaction. Comparison of calculated results using these potential parameters with available experimental data shows that the present form of global optical model potential could reproduce experimental data for both the neutron and the proton.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2067205,12205098)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1602403)。
文摘The consistent three-body model reaction methodology(TBMRM)proposed by J.Lee et al.[Phys.Rev.C 69,064313(2004);Phys.Rev.C 73,044608(2006);Phys.Rev.C 75,064320(2007)],which includes adopting the simple zero-range adiabatic wave approximation,constraining the single-particle potentials using modern Hartree-Fock calculations,and using global nucleon optical model potential(OMP)geometries,are widely applied in systematic studies of transfer reactions.In this study,we investigate the influence of different nucleon OMPs in extracting spectroscopic factors(SFs)from(p,d)reactions.Our study covers 32 sets of angular distribution data of(p,d)reactions on four targets and a large range of incident energies(20-200 MeV/nucleon).This study uses two semi-microscopic nucleon OMPs,i.e.,Jeukenne,Lejeune,and Mahaux(JLM)[Phys.Rev.C 16,80(1977);Phys.Rev.C 58,1118(1998)]and CTOM[Phys.Rev.C 94,034606(2016)],and a pure microscopic nucleon potential,i.e.,WLH[Phys.Rev.Lett.127,182502(2021)].The results are compared with those using the phenomenological global optical potential KD02[Nucl.Phys.A 713,231(2003)].We find that the incident energy dependence of spectroscopic factors extracted from(p,d)reactions is evidently suppressed when microscopic OMPs are employed for ^(12)C,^(28)Si,and 40Ca.In addition,spectroscopic factors extracted using the systematic microscopic optical potential CTOM based on the Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory are more in line with the results obtained from(e,e′p)measurements,except for 16O and ^(40)Ca at high energies(>100 MeV),necessitating an exact treatment of double-magic nuclei.The results obtained by using the pure microscopic optical potential,WLH,based on the EFT theory show the same trend as those of CTOM but are generally higher.The JLM potential,which relies on simplified nuclear matter calculations with old-fashioned bare interactions,produces results that are very similar to those of the phenomenological potential KD02.Our results indicate that modern microscopic OMPs are reliable tools for probing the nuclear structure using transfer reactions across a wide energy range.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12035011,11975167,11535004,11947211,11905103,11761161001,11375086,11565010,11881240623,11961141003)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404403,2016YFE0129300)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(008/2017/AFJ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120200101)。
文摘In the T-matrix form of the transfer reaction,the optical model potentials(OMPs)are used to compute the scattering wave function and transition operator.For most cases,the elastic scattering cross sections,normally used to generate the OMPs,are not directly given in the same experiment.Then,the global OMPs,which fit the experimental data over a broad mass and energy range,are widely used in the theoretical calculations.Different sets of global OMPs with different parameter sets can reproduce the scattering cross section equally well within the uncertainty.Here,we apply different global OMPs to calculate the(differential)cross sections of(d,p)transfer reactions on the target nuclei^(12)C,^(48)Ca,^(124)Sn,and^(208)Pb at different energies.The results demonstrate that the effects of deuteron and nucleon global OMPs on transfer(differential)cross sections vary with energy and target mass.Furthermore,the influences of the spin-orbit coupling term of deuteron and nucleon global OMPs on the transfer cross sections are not negligible.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2067205 and 12205098)National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics(HX02021-35).
文摘The microscopic global nucleon–nucleus optical model potential(OMP)proposed by Whitehead,Lim,and Holt,the WLH potential(Whitehead et al.,Phys Rev Lett 127:182502,2021),which was constructed in the framework of many-body per-turbation theory with state-of-the-art nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory(EFT),was tested with(p,d)transfer reactions calculated using adiabatic wave approximation.The target nuclei included both stable and unstable nuclei,and the incident energies reached 200 MeV.The results were compared with experimental data and predictions using the phenomenological global optical potential of Koning and Delaroche,the KD02 potential.Overall,we found that the micro-scopic WLH potential described the(p,d)reaction angular distributions similarly to the phenomenological KD02 potential;however,the former was slightly better than the latter for radioactive targets.On average,the obtained spectroscopic factors(SFs)using both microscopic and phenomenological potentials were similar when the incident energies were below approxi-mately 120 MeV.However,their difference tended to increase at higher incident energies,which was particularly apparent for the doubly magic target nucleus 40Ca.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11775013,U1432247,11775316,U1630143,and 11465005)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFA0400502)Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018001)
文摘This paper presents the results of a study that compares CTOM, a microscopic optical model potential(OMP), which is an optical model co-created by the China Nuclear Data Center & Tuebingen University, to CH89, which is a typical phenomenological OMP.The respective OMPs were tested by applying them to the modelling of nucleon elastic scattering and(d,p) transfer reactions involving14C,36S, and58Ni targets at both low and relatively high energies. The results demonstrated that although both potentials successfully accounted for the angular distributions of both the elastic scattering and transfer cross sections, the absolute values of the transfer cross sections calculated using CTOM were approximately 25% larger than those calculated using CH89. This increased transfer cross sections allowed CTOM to produce single particle strength reduction factors for the three reactions that were consistent with those extracted from(e,e′p) reactions as well as with more recent(p,2p) and(p,pn) reactions. Notch tests suggested that nucleon elastic scattering and transfer reactions are sensitive to different regions of the OMP;accordingly,phenomenological OMPs, which are constrained only by elastic scattering cross sections, may not be sufficient for nucleon transfer reactions. Therefore, we suggest that microscopic OMPs, which reflect more theoretical considerations, should be preferred over phenomenological ones in calculations of direct nuclear reactions.
文摘A development of the optical model for the description of hadron-nucleus scattering is proposed. When describing the behaviour of observables for elastic proton scattering from ^40Ca nuclei at the energy of 200 Me V the second Born approximation is used. Analytical expressions for the scattering amplitudes as well as for the differential cross section and polarization observables were obtained. The observables calculated in this approach are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375268,11475263,U1432246 and U1432127)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB834404)
文摘Detailed investigations on the notch technique are performed on ideal data generated by the optical model potential parameters extracted from the 16O+208spb system at the laboratory energy of 129.5 MeV, to study the sensitivities of this technique to the model parameters as well as the experimental data. It is found that for the perturbation parameters, a sufficiently large reduced fraction and an appropriate small perturbation width are necessary to determine the accurate radial sensitivity; while for the potential parameters, almost no dependence was observed. For the experimental measurements, the number of data points has little influence for heavy target systems, and the relative inner information of the nuclear potential can be derived when the measurement is extended to a lower cross section.
基金Supported by China National Natural Science Foundation(11405099,11575291,12065003)by Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions(STIP)in Shanxi of China(2019L0743)+1 种基金by Science Foundation for General in Shanxi of China(201901D111317)This work is also a part of IAEA Coordinated Research Projects(CRPs)on Recommended Input Parameter Library(RIPL)for Fission Cross Section Calculations(20464)。
文摘We construct a new global optical model potential to describe the elastic scattering of 12C.The experimental data of elastic-scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections for targets from 24Mg to 209Bi are considered below 200 MeV within the framework of the optical model.The results calculated using the derived global optical potential are then compared with the existing experimental data.The reliability of the global optical potential is further tested by predicting the elastic scattering data out of the mass and energy ranges,within which the global potential parameters are determined,and reasonable results are also obtained.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB328206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60977033)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for Excellent Doctors of Beijing Jiaotong University,China(Grant Nos.141055522 and 141060522)
文摘The flexible structure of photonic crystal fibre not only offers novel optical properties but also brings some difficulties in keeping the fibre structure in the fabrication process which inevitably cause the optical properties of the resulting fibre to deviate from the designed properties. Therefore, a method of evaluating the optical properties of the actual fibre is necessary for the purpose of application. Up to now, the methods employed to measure the properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre often require long fibre samples or complex expensive equipments. To our knowledge, there are few studies of modeling an actual photonic crystal fibre and evaluating its properties rapidly. In this paper, a novel method, based on the combination model of digital image processing and the finite element method, is proposed to rapidly model the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre. Two kinds of photonic crystal fibres made by Crystal Fiber A/S are modeled. It is confirmed from numerical results that the proposed method is simple, rapid and accurate for evaluating the optical properties of the actual photonic crystal fibre without requiring complex equipment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61378037)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2013B33614,2017B15214)+1 种基金the Research Funds of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Reform for Chinese Universities(No.16CCJG01Z004)the Changzhou Science and Technology Program(No.CJ20160027)
文摘The capacitively coupled radio frequency(CCRF)plasma has been widely used in various fields.In some cases,it requires us to estimate the range of key plasma parameters simpler and quicker in order to understand the behavior in plasma.In this paper,a glass vacuum chamber and a pair of plate electrodes were designed and fabricated,using 13.56 MHz radio frequency(RF)discharge technology to ionize the working gas of Ar.This discharge was mathematically described with equivalent circuit model.The discharge voltage and current of the plasma were measured atdifferent pressures and different powers.Based on the capacitively coupled homogeneous discharge model,the equivalent circuit and the analytical formula were established.The plasma density and temperature were calculated by using the equivalent impedance principle and energy balance equation.The experimental results show that when RF discharge power is 50–300 W and pressure is 25–250 Pa,the average electron temperature is about 1.7–2.1 e V and the average electron density is about 0.5?×10^17–3.6?×10^17m^-3.Agreement was found when the results were compared to those given by optical emission spectroscopy and COMSOL simulation.
文摘We have compiled a sample of two subsets of AGN selected from their optical and X ray data. The first subset was selected for very broad and/or peculiar optical emission line profiles, the second for a high X ray flux. Here we will discuss properties of these galaxies and show that both subsets are very similar in the multi wavelength view. Furthermore, we will discuss differences between the two subsets and their implications for a Unified Model of AGN.
基金conducted under the research project“High-performance tandem heterojunction solar cells for specific applications(SOLHET)”,financially supported by the Research Council of Norway(RCN)and the Romanian Executive Agency for Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation Funding(UEFISCDI)through the M-Era.net program.
文摘Research on silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (STHSC) incorporating metal oxides is one of the main directions for development of high-efficiency solar cells. In this work, the optical characteristics of a STHSC consisting of a ZnO/Cu2O subcell on top of a silicon-based subcell were studied by optical modelling. Cu2O is a direct-gap p-type semiconductor which is attractive for application in solar cells due to its high absorptance of ultra-violet and visible light, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility. Highly Al-doped ZnO and undoped Cu2O thin films were prepared on quartz substrates by magnetron sputter deposition. Thermal annealing of the Cu2O layer at 900°C enhances the electrical properties and reduces optical absorption, presumably as a result of increased grain size. Hall effect measurements show that the majority carrier (hole) mobility increases from 10 to 50 cm2/V×s and the resistivity decreases from 560 to 200 Ω×cm after annealing. A Cu2O absorber layer of 2 μm thickness will generate about 10 mA/cm2 of photocurrent under AM1.5G illumination. The optical analysis of the STHSC involved calculating the spectral curves for absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance for different thicknesses of the thin film layers constituting the ZnO/Cu2O subcell. The complex refractive indices of the thin films were derived from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements and implemented in the simulation model. The lowest reflectance and highest transmittance for the ZnO/Cu2O subcell are obtained for a thickness of approximately 80 nm for both the top and bottom AZO layers. The SiNx anti-reflection coating for the c-Si bottom subcell must be optimized to accommodate the shift of the photon spectrum towards longer wavelengths. By increasing the thickness of the SiNx layer from 80 nm to 120 nm, the total reflectance for the STHSC device is reduced from 12.7% to 9.7%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975017,61905015).
文摘As a high-resolution optical imaging technology,Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT)has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.It has played an important role in the detection and identification of atherosclerotic plaques and has significant advantages.In this paper,we realized to extract the optical characteristic parameters of the target sample based on the OCT data by establishing optical transmission models conforming to the OCT principle.The optical phantoms and coronary artery of domestic pig were used as research samples to study the difference between the optical properties of the cardiovascular tissues.It can provide a basic method for further study of optical characteristic parameters of atherosclerotic plaques,and also lay a foundation for realizing the quantitative evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques with multiple optical characteristic parameters in the future.
文摘Wavelength-dependent mathematical modelling of the differential energy change of a photon has been performed inside a proposed hypothetical optical medium.The existence of this medium demands certain mathematical constraints,which have been derived in detail.Using reverse modelling,a medium satisfying the derived conditions is proven to store energy as the photon propagates from the entry to exit point.A single photon with a given intensity is considered in the analysis and hypothesized to possess a definite non-zero probability of maintaining its energy and velocity functions analytic inside the proposed optical medium,despite scattering,absorption,fluorescence,heat generation,and other nonlinear mechanisms.The energy and velocity functions are thus singly and doubly differentiable with respect to wavelength.The solution of the resulting second-order differential equation in two variables proves that energy storage or energy flotation occurs inside a medium with a refractive index satisfying the described mathematical constraints.The minimum-value-normalized refractive index profiles of the modelled optical medium for transformed wavelengths both inside the medium and for vacuum have been derived.Mathematical proofs,design equations,and detailed numerical analyses are presented in the paper.
基金a grant from Scientific Research Fund of Shaanxi Department of Hygiene, No. 04AC1
文摘BACKGROUND: Scholars have supposed to establish animal models of optic neuropathy by pressing and partially amputating optic nerve, increasing intraocular pressure and injecting vasoconstrictor, etc., but the models are greatly different from anterior ischemia optic neuropathy. Therefore, a more ideal method is needed to establish animal model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). OBJECTIVE : To establish AION models in rats, observe the functional changes of fundus, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP), and histopathologically confirm its reliability. DESIGN: A randomized control tria SETTINGS : Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Hospital; Xi'an Institute of Ocular Fundus Diseases MATERIALS : The experiments were carried out in the research room of Xi'an Institute of Ocular Fundus Diseases from February 2005 to May 2006. Thirty healthy male SD rats of 4-5 weeks old, weighing 140-160 g, were provided by the animal experimental center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA [SCXK (Military)2002-005], and those without eye disease examined by slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscope after mydriasis were enrolled. The conditions for feeding mice without special pathogen were strictly followed. The rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n =5), laser group (n =5), hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) group and AION group (n =15), each group was numbered randomly. For each rat, the right eye was taken as the experimental eye, and the left one as the control one. METHODS: In the AION group, the rats were injected with HPD (10 mg/kg) via caudal vein, and then the optic discs were exposed to krypton red (647 nm, 80 mV) for 120 s, and the rats were in avoidance of light for 2 weeks postoperatively. Rats in the laser group were only exposed to krypton red (647 rim, 80 mV) for 120 s, and in avoidance of light for 2 weeks postoperatively; Those in the HPD group were only injected with HPD (10 mg/kg) via caudal vein; Those in the blank control group were untouched. (1) Visual electrophysiological test: The F-VEP was used to evaluate the function of visual nerve. (2) FFA: After mydriasis and anesthesia as describe above, the fluorescein sodium parenteral solution (1 mL/kg) was injected v/a caudal vein and finished within about 3 s, the time of FFA was recorded from the beginning of injection, the video sight aimed at the optic disc and the surrounding area. (3) After mydriasis and anesthesia as describe above, the rats were examined with OCT. (4) Histological observation: After hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the optic disc and surrounding blood vessels of retina were observed under light microscope at high power field. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results of fundus, FFA, visual electrophysiological test and OCT detection within 90 days after model establishment were observed. RESULTS: Of the 30 rats, 1 died after anesthesia in the laser group and 2 died in the AION group respectively, and finally 27 rats were involved in the analysis of results. (1) Changes in fundus: In the AION group, there was edema in upper optic disc and unclear boundary at 1 day after establishment, edema still could be observed at 6 days, and upper optic disc atrophied and appeared as pale at 90 days. (2) FFA results: In the AION group, early "low fluorescence", middle and late "high fluorescence" were observed in upper optic disc 1 day after model establishment, and there was "low fluorescence" at 6 days, and the low fluorescence could be observed all the time at 23 days. (3) Visual electrophysiological changes: In the AION group as compared with the control eyes, the experimental ones had prolonged F-VEP P100 latency [(71.65±8.81), (57.58±8.38) ms, t =3.148, P =0.012], and decreased wave amplitude [(4.77±1.90), (10.06±3.66) μV, t =4.082, P =0.003], and these changes lasted to 35 days after model establishment. (4) OCT results: In the AION group, the reflection surface of part nerve fiber layer was higher than the retina plane, the surface was rough and the thickness was increased at 6 days after model establishment. (5) Histopathological results: At 1 day after model establishment, part optic discs had highly edema, edema of nerve fibers, and loose tissue, also accompanied by the displacement of surrounding retina; At 23 days, the optic disc and surrounding nerve fiber layers became thinner, and the numbers of ganglion nuclei in the retina tissue sections were obviously decreased. These changes were not observed in the laser group, HPD group and blank control group. CONCLUSION : The changes of fundus, FFA, OCT, visual electrophysiology and histopathology confirmed that the krypton red laser irradiation (647 nm) at 2 hours after HPD was injected via caudal vein can establish more ideal animal models of AION.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. G050104011004024the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. A0901040110018512026
文摘Surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles leads to the optical absorption enhancement effects,which have great potential applications in solar cell.By using the general numerical method of discrete dipole approximation (DDA),we study the absorption and scattering properties of two-dimensional square silver nanodisks (2D SSN) arrays on the single crystal silicon solar cell.Based on the effective reflective index model of the single crystal silicon solar cell,we investigate the optical enhancement absorption of light energy by varying the light incident direction,particle size,aspect ratio,and interparticle spacing of the silver nanodisks.The peak values and position of the optical extinction spectra of the 2D square arrays of noble metal nanodisks are obtained with the different array structures.
文摘In this paper, we give a definition of the Fermi function, or the so-called Woods-Saxon potential, a well-known potential in nuclear physics;then, we give a few of its applications as examples. Some important integrals, which involve this function, are computed discussing the integrability and convergence of these integrals. Following, we derive formulae that encounter the above-mentioned function to get nuclear and generalized moments;the radial Fourier transformation is also exposed. Some related applications are then given that use such important integrals;in particular, we give the computation in conjunction with the problem of getting the optical-model potential for heavy-ion interactions at intermediate energies. Finally, we conclude with important remarks to do with the evolution of the subject.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61911530695)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2023-YBSF-671)。
文摘As one type of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy(SORS), inverse SORS is particularly suited to in vivo biomedical measurements due to its ring-shaped illumination scheme. To explain inhomogeneous Raman scattering during in vivo inverse SORS measurements, the light–tissue interactions when excitation and regenerated Raman photons propagate in skin tissue were studied using Monte Carlo simulation. An eight-layered skin model was first built based on the latest transmission parameters. Then, an open-source platform, Monte Carlo e Xtreme(MCX), was adapted to study the distribution of 785 nm excitation photons inside the model with an inverse spatially shifted annular beam. The excitation photons were converted to emission photons by an inverse distribution method based on excitation flux with spatial offsets Δs of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm. The intrinsic Raman spectra from separated skin layers were measured by continuous linear scanning to improve the simulation accuracy. The obtained results explain why the spectral detection depth gradually increases with increasing spatial offset, and address how the intrinsic Raman spectrum from deep skin layers is distorted by the reabsorption and scattering of the superficial tissue constituents. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the spectral contribution from subcutaneous fat will be improved when the offset increases to 5 mm, and the highest detection efficiency for dermal layer spectral detection could be achieved when Δs = 2 mm. Reasonably good matching between the calculated spectrum and the measured in vivo inverse SORS was achieved, thus demonstrating great utility of our modeling method and an approach to help understand the clinical measurements.
基金Prof.Dao T.Khoa of the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology(INST),Vietnam,is specially and gratefully acknowledged for providing helpful academic materials and excellent guidance in this work.
文摘In this paper,a new M3Y-type effective nucleon–nucleon interaction,derived based on the lowest order constrained variational approach(LOCV)and termed B3Y-Fetal,has been used in DDM3Y1,BDM3Y1,BDM3Y2,and BDM3Y3 density-dependent versions in a heavy ion(HI)optical potential based on four types of a real folded potential and a phenomenological Woods–Saxon imaginary potential to study the elastic scattering of the^(16)O+^(16)O nuclear system within the framework of the optical model(OM)by computing the associated differential cross sections at various incident energies.The results of the folding analyses have shown the DDB3Y1-Fetal and BDB3Y1-Fetal,out of the four folded potentials,give a reasonably better description of the elastic data of the nuclear system.These best-fit folded potentials are followed,in performance,by the BDB3Y2-Fetal,with the BDB3Y3-Fetal potential coming last.This performance trend was also demonstrated by the optical potentials based on the M3Y-Reid interaction.Furthermore,the best-fit folded potentials,renormalized by a factor NRof approximately 0.9,have been shown to reproduce the energy dependence of the real optical potential for^(16)O scattering found in previous optical model analyses creditably well.In excellent agreement with previous works,they have also been identified in this work to belong to the family of deep refractive potentials because they have been able to reproduce and consistently describe the evolution of Airylike structures,at large scattering angles,observed in the^(16)O scattering data at different energies.Finally,a comparison of the performances of B3Y-Fetal and M3Y-Reid effective interactions undertaken in this work has shown impressive agreement between them.