REEXAMINING THE ROLE OF INPUT AND THE FEATURES OF OPTIMAL INPUT——(Ⅰ)Role of Input:Why Is Input Essential for Learning to Take Place?

The paper examines the role of input from a psychologicalperspective.By exploring the relation between language andthought,and the functions of memory,the paper aims to revealthat language,as a medium of thought,cannot be isolatedfrom thought in the thinking process.Therefore,input in thetarget language is to enable the learner to think in that language.Another idea borrowed from Psychology is the phenomenon offorgetting,which is resulted from interference.We argue thatproviding sufficient input for the learner is one of the effectiveways to minimize the degree of interference.The role of input isthen seen as the following:(1)fighting off mother tongueinterference;(2)internalizing L2 grammar;(3)defossilizingand maintaining interlanguage competence;(4)learningvocabulary in context.

The Optimization of Radio over Fiber Link by Proper Link Gain Control

we demonstrate the adjustability of optimal input power(OIP) of the radio over fiber(RoF) link by proper link gain control in the central unit(CU) and remote antenna unit(RAU).The experiment results show that the reading and writing distance(RWD)of the radio frequency identification(RFID)service and the throughput of the WiFi service have a max increase of 3cm and 6.975Mbit/s respectively when the OIP value equals to output power of commercial products,compared with OIP value with 5-dBm right/left shift to the output power.

Heritage Language Development: Expectations and Goals

What should we expect from heritage language(HL)acquirers?We propose that given access to“optimal input,”we can eventually expect very high performance,native or near-native.But it won’t happen right away.It takes time.

A useful method for determination of optimal fiber input power in spontaneous Brillouin-scattering-based sensing system

A method for the optimal fiber input power determination is presented by employing the variation characteristics of signal to noise ratio(SNR) in spontaneous Brillouin-scattering-based sensing system. And a heterodyne detection system is constructed for measuring the Brillouin scattering spectra with different fiber input powers. The Brillouin spectrum width and system SNR can be simultaneously measured from these spectra, and the optimal fiber input power can be obtained from such information. In the experiment, for 48.8-km-long standard single-mode fiber(SSMF), the optimal fiber input power values are all approximately 0 dBm obtained by the maximum SNR position for different local oscillator power values and average times.

H_∞ Inverse Optimal Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control for Flexible Spacecraft with Input Saturation

An adaptive inverse optimal attitude controller for flexible spacecraft with fault-free actuator is designed based on adaptive control Lyapunov function and inverse optimal methodology subjected to unknown parameter uncertainties,external disturbances and input saturation.The partial loss of actuator effectiveness and the additive faults are considered simultaneously to deal with actuator faults,and the prior knowledge of bounds on the effectiveness factors of the actuators is assumed to be unknown.A fault-tolerant control version is designed to handle the system with actuator fault by introducing a parameter update law to estimate the lower bound of the partial loss of actuator effectiveness faults.The proposed fault-tolerant attitude controller ensures robustness and stabilization,and it achieves H_∞ optimality with respect to a family of cost functionals.The usefulness of the proposed algorithms is assessed and compared with the conventional approaches through numerical simulations.