The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershe...The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.展开更多
In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywh...In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywhere enough land for certain cropping if spatial allocation just according to land use suitability. To solve this problem, a subzone and a pre-allocation for each land use are added in spatial allocation module, and land use suitability and area optimization module are incorporated to constitute a whole agricultural land use optimal allocation (ALUOA) system. The system is developed on the platform .Net 2005 using ArcGIS Engine (version 9.2) and C# language, and is tested and validated in Yili watershed of Xinjiang Region on the newly reclaimed area. In the case study, with the help of soil data obtained from 69 points sampled in the fieldwork in 2008, main river data supplied by the Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and temperature data provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, land use suitability on eight common crops are evaluated one by one using linear weighted summation method in the land use suitability model. The linear programming (LP) model in area optimization model succeeds to give out land area target of each crop under three scenarios. At last, the land use targets are allotted in space both with a six subzone file and without a subzone file. The results show that the land use maps with a subzone not only ensure every part has enough land for every crop, but also gives a more fragmental land use pattern, with about 87.99% and 135.92% more patches than the one without, while at the expense of loss between 15.30% and 19.53% in the overall suitability at the same time.展开更多
This study presented a simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming （STIP） model to support water resources management in the Kaidu-Konqi watershed in Northwest China. The modeling system coupled a dis...This study presented a simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming （STIP） model to support water resources management in the Kaidu-Konqi watershed in Northwest China. The modeling system coupled a distributed hydrological model with an interval two-stage stochastic programing （ITSP）. The distributed hydrological model was used for establishing a rainfall-runoff forecast system, while random parameters were pro- vided by the statistical analysis of simulation outcomes water resources management planning in Kaidu-Konqi The developed STIP model was applied to a real case of watershed, where three scenarios with different water re- sources management policies were analyzed. The results indicated that water shortage mainly occurred in agri- culture, ecology and forestry sectors. In comparison, the water demand from municipality, industry and stock- breeding sectors can be satisfied due to their lower consumptions and higher economic values. Different policies for ecological water allocation can result in varied system benefits, and can help to identify desired water allocation plans with a maximum economic benefit and a minimum risk of system disruption under uncertainty.展开更多
This paper introduces the simulating design of warping dam in the Loess Plateau, western Shanxi province. On the basis of collected data, the digital elevation model in the studied area has been created. Utilizing GIS...This paper introduces the simulating design of warping dam in the Loess Plateau, western Shanxi province. On the basis of collected data, the digital elevation model in the studied area has been created. Utilizing GIS (geographical information system) technology, this paper achieves some environmental based results with the simulation method. Also based on the parameter model of precipitation, the tendency of warping sand has been calculated, aiming at providing academic basis for optimization design in the small watershed.展开更多
应用SWAT模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool),以区域气候复杂的云南省洱海流域为例,研究不同子流域划分数量对径流和泥沙负荷模拟结果的影响,以明确洱海流域合理的子流域划分方案。结果表明,随着子流域划分数量的增加,年均径流深增...应用SWAT模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool),以区域气候复杂的云南省洱海流域为例,研究不同子流域划分数量对径流和泥沙负荷模拟结果的影响,以明确洱海流域合理的子流域划分方案。结果表明,随着子流域划分数量的增加,年均径流深增加但敏感性较小,相对偏差仅0.89%;年均泥沙负荷减少而敏感性较大,相对偏差达21.21%。经综合权衡年均径流和泥沙负荷对子流域划分响应的敏感性,提出洱海流域合理的子流域划分临界值为137个,相应子流域平均面积占流域总面积的0.73%。在大于该临界值的划分水平下,模拟的年均径流深和泥沙负荷趋于稳定,但对进一步提高模拟精度无明显效果。研究结果对其它地形地貌复杂的流域水文模拟和非点源污染模拟具有重要借鉴意义。展开更多
文摘The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41001108, 41071065)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 9113029)
文摘In developing countries, land productivity involves little market, where the agricultural land use is mainly determined by the food demands as well as the land suitability. The land use pattern will not ensure everywhere enough land for certain cropping if spatial allocation just according to land use suitability. To solve this problem, a subzone and a pre-allocation for each land use are added in spatial allocation module, and land use suitability and area optimization module are incorporated to constitute a whole agricultural land use optimal allocation (ALUOA) system. The system is developed on the platform .Net 2005 using ArcGIS Engine (version 9.2) and C# language, and is tested and validated in Yili watershed of Xinjiang Region on the newly reclaimed area. In the case study, with the help of soil data obtained from 69 points sampled in the fieldwork in 2008, main river data supplied by the Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, and temperature data provided by Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, land use suitability on eight common crops are evaluated one by one using linear weighted summation method in the land use suitability model. The linear programming (LP) model in area optimization model succeeds to give out land area target of each crop under three scenarios. At last, the land use targets are allotted in space both with a six subzone file and without a subzone file. The results show that the land use maps with a subzone not only ensure every part has enough land for every crop, but also gives a more fragmental land use pattern, with about 87.99% and 135.92% more patches than the one without, while at the expense of loss between 15.30% and 19.53% in the overall suitability at the same time.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951002)the Dr.Western-funded Project of Chinese Academy of Science(XBBS201010 and XBBS201005)+1 种基金the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (51190095)the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering(sklhse-2012-A03)
文摘This study presented a simulation-based two-stage interval-stochastic programming （STIP） model to support water resources management in the Kaidu-Konqi watershed in Northwest China. The modeling system coupled a distributed hydrological model with an interval two-stage stochastic programing （ITSP）. The distributed hydrological model was used for establishing a rainfall-runoff forecast system, while random parameters were pro- vided by the statistical analysis of simulation outcomes water resources management planning in Kaidu-Konqi The developed STIP model was applied to a real case of watershed, where three scenarios with different water re- sources management policies were analyzed. The results indicated that water shortage mainly occurred in agri- culture, ecology and forestry sectors. In comparison, the water demand from municipality, industry and stock- breeding sectors can be satisfied due to their lower consumptions and higher economic values. Different policies for ecological water allocation can result in varied system benefits, and can help to identify desired water allocation plans with a maximum economic benefit and a minimum risk of system disruption under uncertainty.
基金Supported by National Talented Youth Foundation(40025103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90202007)
文摘This paper introduces the simulating design of warping dam in the Loess Plateau, western Shanxi province. On the basis of collected data, the digital elevation model in the studied area has been created. Utilizing GIS (geographical information system) technology, this paper achieves some environmental based results with the simulation method. Also based on the parameter model of precipitation, the tendency of warping sand has been calculated, aiming at providing academic basis for optimization design in the small watershed.
文摘应用SWAT模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool),以区域气候复杂的云南省洱海流域为例,研究不同子流域划分数量对径流和泥沙负荷模拟结果的影响,以明确洱海流域合理的子流域划分方案。结果表明,随着子流域划分数量的增加,年均径流深增加但敏感性较小,相对偏差仅0.89%;年均泥沙负荷减少而敏感性较大,相对偏差达21.21%。经综合权衡年均径流和泥沙负荷对子流域划分响应的敏感性,提出洱海流域合理的子流域划分临界值为137个,相应子流域平均面积占流域总面积的0.73%。在大于该临界值的划分水平下,模拟的年均径流深和泥沙负荷趋于稳定,但对进一步提高模拟精度无明显效果。研究结果对其它地形地貌复杂的流域水文模拟和非点源污染模拟具有重要借鉴意义。
