Investigation on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Health among Medical College and University Undergraduate

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of oral health among medical undergraduate students, and provide reference for implementing oral health interventions. Methods: A total of 528 undergraduate students enrolled in Fuzhou Medical College from February 2023 to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Their oral health KAP were investigated, and the oral health behavior habits of different types of medical students were compared, and possible influencing factors were analyzed. Results: The total awareness rate of oral health knowledge among medical students is 77.0%, with an average score of 3.85 ± 1.16 points. The overall positive rate of oral health attitudes among medical students is 80.0%, with an average score of 3.19 ± 0.72 points. The total qualified rate of oral health behavior is 65.9%, with an average score of 4.61 ± 1.23 points. The scores of oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among medical students are related to gender, major, smoking status, and oral health status. The frequency of brushing teeth in the female group was higher than that in the male group, while the habit of brushing teeth before bedtime and the frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed were lower, with statistical significance (p 0.05). The frequency of timely replacement of toothbrushes varies among medical students from different majors, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). People who have a habit of eating hot and cold food have a higher frequency of brushing their teeth every day, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Non smokers have a better habit of brushing their teeth before bedtime and a higher frequency of timely replacement when their toothbrush deforms, with a statistically significant difference (p 0.05). The frequency of using fluoride toothpaste or medicated toothpaste, having a habit of unilateral chewing, and timely replacement of toothbrushes when deformed in patients with existing oral problems is higher than that of those without oral problems, and the difference is statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude, and behavior of oral health among medical students in this school are above average. Students with different genders, dietary and smoking habits, and oral health status have different oral health behavioral habits. It is recommended to include oral health education in mandatory courses for various medical majors.

Strategies for English Oral Skill Improvement Employed by Medical College Students

Research in language learning strategies has addressed the necessity of improving oral skills in second language acquisition.This study attempts to explore the strategies employed by 19 medical students at Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities to improve their oral skills.Semi-structured interview and open-ended questionnaire were used as the instruments for the data collection.The data was then analyzed qualitatively for the purpose of the study.The findings of the study showed that the strategies employed by the students mainly include the strategies to improve speaking skills and the strategies to improve listening skills.The strategies to improve speaking skills include two main categories:fluency-focused strategies and accuracy-focused strategies.The strategies to improve listening skills also include two main categories:direct strategies and indirect strategies.

Knowledge, Attitude and Oral Hygiene Practices among Medical Practitioners in Delta State, Nigeria

Background: The knowledge of good oral hygiene is of paramount importance for the technical knowhow to keep one’s mouth clean and free from periodontal diseases. Thus, one’s attitude towards oral hygiene directly affects the oral health status. Aims: The study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude and oral hygiene practices among medical practitioners in Delta State, Nigeria. The research also aimed at determining the effect of sex on knowledge, attitude and oral hygiene practices. Methodology: This study was an observational cross sectional study. Purposive sampling technique was employed. A total of a hundred and twenty-three health care providers were assessed with a structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee in the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 package. Descriptive statistics was analyzed using simple frequency percentages distribution and association between categorical variables and sex was done using a chi-square test. Significance was accepted at p Result: Findings from the study present 76.0% males and 24.0% females in the studied population. Five categories of health care providers were assessed, 63.0% of respondents were medical officers, 21.0% were consultants, and 10.0% were residents, while 6.0% were house officers. The results showed that 43.9% of the participants brushed their teeth once daily, 54.5% twice daily while 1.6% thrice daily. Respondents were asked the last time they visited a dentist. Out of the 123 participants, 37.4% never visited, 20.3% claimed six months ago, 13.0% visited a year ago, 10.6% two years ago and 19.40% visited more than two years ago. It also shows percentage distribution of variant types of last treatment, 19.5% had extraction, 10.6% had filling, and 33.3% had scaling and polishing while 36.6% had other types of dental treatment. The study revealed that the majority of the respondents (93.5%) had a positive attitude towards oral health. A total of 91.9% of the participants had knowledge of oral hygiene, while 8.1% had no idea of oral hygiene. More than half of the respondent (57.2%) agreed and strongly agreed that oral hygiene knowledge in medical schools was adequate while 35.0% disagreed and strongly disagreed. There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between frequency of daily teeth brushing, last dental visit, variant treatments and sex. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that the majority of the participants had an adequate knowledge on proper oral hygiene care and they had a positive attitude towards oral health. Being health care providers, the adequate knowledge and positive attitude could have a positive impact on the patients.

Self-Medication for Oral Health Problems among Dental Outpatients at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Background: Self-medication is the inappropriate use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms. Even though Self-medication has benefits as it enhances better use of clinical skills and increases access to medication;it is also associated with risks such as adverse drug reactions and antibiotics resistance. Objectives: To determine prevalence of self-medication practices among dental out-patients, triggering factors that influence self-medication practice and common source of drugs. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic of the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a period of 6 months using self-administered questionnaires adapted from previous studies. Data obtained was analysed and expressed as frequencies and percentages. Test of associations was done using chi-square (p Results: Age of respondents ranged from 16 to 78 years (32.24 ± 13.47). M:F was 1:1. Prevalence of self-medication was 45.5%;toothache was the most prevalent reason for self-medication (71%). The frequently used drugs for self-medication were analgesics (65%) while the most common source for the drugs was the pharmacy (60%). Educational status (X2 = 12.85, P 2 = 6.42, P 2 = 10.38, P Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of self-medication with toothache as the predominant trigger and pharmacy, the most common source.

思维导图在口腔组织病理学教学中的应用

在当前的医疗环境中,基础医学课程教学改革势在必行。因为传统的医学教学模式不利于培养具备综合素质的现代化医学人才。而口腔组织病理学是口腔基础医学教育重要组成之一,经典的口腔组织病理学课程的教学方式模式比较固定。其形式就是教师通过在理论课及实验课授课,将课程重点内容展示在多媒体幻灯片(powerpoint,PPT)中,然后逐页依次进行讲解,以文字配以适合的图片进行解释说明。多媒体教学图多于文的幻灯播放模式也有一定不足,传统的以教师为中心的授课模式不利于学生把握课程知识整体框架,也不利于学生提高对所学知识融会贯通的能力。为提高口腔医学教学质量,笔者课题组根据课程现状,试图通过将思维导图辅助课程结合的新型教学模式的改革,将其引入口腔医学教学实践活动中来,旨在改善教学效果,为现代化口腔医学基础教学的发展与进步提供参考。文章阐述了口腔组织病理学作为基础课程应用思维导图辅助课堂的必要性和优势、课前准备、实施阶段方案,提出了对思维导图辅助实施过程中的优点与不足。结果显示不断完善思维导图为辅助工具的教学模式,应用到口腔组织病理学教学实践中,为口腔医学教育改革提供一个新手段。

以科技提升口腔专科护理质量——“口腔专科护理”专栏第二期导读

2022年“口腔专科护理”专栏第一期受到了广大口腔专科护理人员的关注,为进一步提高口腔专科护理质量,提升口腔专科护理人员科研能力,《中西医结合护理》组织第二期“口腔专科护理”专栏,在广泛征稿的基础上,针对性地在多个口腔专科护士培训、口腔护理会议等高规格专科护理平台中推广宣传,以扩大专栏的知名度,吸引更多专科护理人员积极投稿。

基于“医教研德”复合型人才培养模式口腔种植学教学改革思考与探索

种植义齿工艺学是一门理论和实践并重的学科,其传统教学模式存在局限,基于此的创新改革,除关注教师、学生主体和考评等环节外,进一步聚焦人文素养对学生建立医患一体化意识的重要性,同时侧重教学活动与学习评价的全时空覆盖,形成了以培养“医教研德”四位一体复合型人才为目标的学科特色。相关教学创新实践成效颇丰,改革了人才培养模式并进行了充分的理论研究,通过各种创新实践取得了多项成果,继而在成果的应用上实现了教学与科研联动下的双丰收,并形成了师生共同发展的良好格局。以理论研究为先导的成果推广具备了必要的理论和学术支撑,有望提高我国口腔种植学水平,产生良好的社会效益。

2022年某院10969张膏方处方临床使用分析

目的通过对昆山市中医医院2022年全年的膏方(包括四季膏方和冬令进补膏方)数据进行统计与分析,探讨昆山地区吴门医派膏方的组方运用特色以及使用情况和受众人群比例。方法收集2022年1—12月的膏方处方共计10969张,将数据导入Microsoft Office Excel 2022和SPSS 25.0统计学软件中,对处方中性别、年龄、就诊科室、诊断、单张膏方中药味数、不同中药饮片使用频率和用量等信息进行统计分析。结果膏方广泛应用于多个科室,膏方患者中女性数量明显多于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者年龄主要集中在30~39岁(41.83%)。妇科、推拿科、治未病科膏方数量排名前3。膏方中使用的中药以补气、活血、补血、补阳、安神药占主体;药性偏温,偏平,甘味药占比较大。结论本院膏方在不同科室、病种、年龄层均能满足患者的需求,具有广泛的临床应用价值。尤其是女性患者对膏方需求量更大。30~39岁人群已经成为使用膏方主体。昆山市中医医院传承的吴门医派膏方用药补攻兼施,以甘味药,补为主,顺应地区人群气虚为主的体质特点而注重扶正益气,调补肝脾,调节气血不足,是以固本补虚,佐以攻邪,非常符合叶天士“甘平补虚”“顾护脾胃”等使用膏方的特点。

将课程思政引入牙槽外科临床实习教学中的初步探讨

课程思政作为一种新的教育理念,将思政教育全面渗透于教学活动中,已经成为高校课程构建中的一项重要内容。医学教育过程中要不断提高教师队伍的思政能力,对学生进行全方位的德育培养,更好地促进教学改革。牙槽外科是口腔颌面外科的一个重要基础分支,牙槽外科实践教学除了在注重夯实基础理论和培养技能的同时,也要塑造学生积极正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。文章初步探讨了在牙槽外科实习阶段引入思政教育的必要性和实施方式,结合目前的口腔医学生实习阶段的思政教育现状,挖掘和提炼思政教育内容,巧妙地将思政教育融入日常实践的教学中去,以促进临床技能培训与思政教育同向并行,提高口腔医学生辩证唯物主义思维能力,建立包含思政元素的教学新模式,培养出符合新时代要求的医学人才。

基于深度学习的住院部口服药分类模型的构建

目的:基于深度学习法构建针对住院部的口服药分类模型。方法:模拟实际应用场景,采集95类药丸图片构建数据集,并对其进行图片预处理操作;以MobileNet V2网络为基础架构建立药丸分类模型,并在模型中嵌入注意力机制以增强网络特征通道间的依赖关系;融合迁移学习的方法,利用自建药丸数据集对模型进行训练和测试,通过模型分类准确率和模型参数量指标检测模型性能。结果:本研究构建的模型在自然环境中采集的口服药丸图片分类方面表现卓越,通过使用包含95类药丸、总计728张图片的自建数据集进行训练和测试,模型分类准确率为95.8%,分别比MobileNet V2、ShuffleNet V2、ResNet50高11.6%、14.3%、11.3%。模型参数量为2.55 M,约为ResNet50的1/10。结论:本研究构建的模型可以较好地平衡模型的复杂度和分类准确率,为药房等场景下涉及的药丸自动分类系统提供技术路线和效果验证,对于提升药房发药、病房分药等具体情形的护理自动化水平具有一定的理论和实际应用价值。

基于Delphi法的口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行问卷研究

目的编制一套用于评价口服抗凝药物治疗患者知识、信念、行为的调查问卷。方法以知信行理论为指导,采用文献分析和访谈法设计口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行初始问卷;采用Delphi法就初始问卷进行专家函询,并围绕专家建议修改问卷,形成最终问卷。结果向18名专家进行两轮函询,每轮函询均发放和回收18份问卷,专家积极系数为100%,专家权威系数为0.94。两轮函询中问卷所有维度、因子、条目的重要性均分均≥4分,变异系数均≤0.25,问卷整体及知识、信念、行为3个维度的肯德尔和谐系数为0.09~0.34(P均<0.05)。第一轮专家函询后修改4个条目,删除2个条目,新增5个条目;第二轮专家函询后修改10个条目。最终形成的问卷包含知识、信念、行为3个维度,17个问卷因子,40个条目。结论所编制的口服抗凝药物治疗患者知信行问卷的可靠性和科学性均较高,专家意见较一致,可用于评估口服抗凝药物治疗患者的知识、信念、行为现状。

综合医院口腔科承担口腔全科医学生实习教学探索

目的 探讨综合医院口腔科口腔全科医学生实习的新临床教学模式。方法 采用“专科为主,全科辅助”的临床教学模式。口腔医学生在实习前7~8个月在口腔专科医院完成专业内各亚学科的实习培训后进入综合医院口腔科实习2~3个月。依托综合医院的急诊、会诊和MDT团队管理制度,在综合医院口腔科实习期间分别从理论知识拓展、临床实践操作和理论实践考试三个方面对学生进行联合口腔与临床其他多学科的综合治疗实习训练。结果 “专科为主,全科辅助”的临床教学模式有助于口腔全科医学生形成完善的口腔综合治疗理念,帮助学生尽快熟悉综合医院的具体临床医疗工作内容。结论 建议鼓励综合医院口腔科参与“专科为主,全科辅助”的临床教学模式,共同培养口腔全科医学生。

基于投诉分析的口腔颌面外科门诊关键环节质控的实践探讨

《医疗机构门诊质量管理暂行规定》的实施为门诊质控带来新的挑战。口腔专科医院口腔颌面外科以“大门诊、小病房”为特点,且部分诊疗项目纳入了门诊手术管理。通过案例追踪的方法,以典型专科医院一段时间内的投诉患者的病历为依据,从患者基本信息、初诊主要诊断、被投诉医务人员职称分布与投诉原因分类、投诉病历首次接诊时间4个维度构建关键环节的质控体系,并提出关注重点病种与严重并发症、重视年轻医师的科内培训、强化门诊健康宣教、关注特殊时间段患者流量等建议。

社会支持对老年人群口腔健康与牙科就医行为的影响分析

目的了解社会情感支持与社会经济支持对老年人群口腔健康行为和口腔健康状况的影响,为老年人群口腔疾病防治策略的制定提供研究依据。方法利用1999至2018年NHANES总库收集数据,通过SAS软件匹配同时具有社会支持(Social support)和口腔健康状况(Oral health)调查结果的对象纳入研究,年龄限制在60岁及以上。采用卡方检验分析社会情感支持与社会经济支持对老年人群口腔健康行为和口腔健康状况的影响。结果共计3694名自我报告了总体口腔健康状况结果的老年调查对象纳入了本次研究分析,其中男性占48.3%,女性占51.7%,平均年龄72.2±8.1岁。近3年有过常规口腔检查经历的占44.6%,总体口腔健康状况自我评级为“很好”、“较好”、“一般”、“较差”的分别占21.4%、39.3%、23.0%、16.3%。统计分析结果显示来自配偶和朋友情感支持对口腔健康行为和口腔健康总体状况均有显著的影响(P<0.05)。社会经济支持对老年调查对象的口腔健康总体状况有十分显著的影响(P<0.01)。结论社会情感支持与社会经济支持对老年人群的口腔健康行为和口腔健康状况可能存在显著的促进作用,针对老年人群制定口腔健康促进策略时应予以考虑。

多学科协作护理专案在日间结直肠癌患者院外口服化疗药中的应用

目的探讨结直肠癌患者接受护理专案干预后对提高口服化疗药服药依从性、强化自我效能的作用。方法选择2022年6月至2022年12月在我院接受药物化疗治疗的结直肠癌患者300例作为研究对象,按照计算机随机编号抽取结果进行分组,对照组(150例)患者实施常规模式护理;观察组(150例)患者开展护理专案模式护理,对两组患者护理前后口服化疗药物服药依从性予以评估,比较两组结果的统计学差异。另外分别评估两组患者护理前后自我效能及生活质量,分析评分变化趋势。结果两组患者实施护理前服药依从性各个方面评分组间对比无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组患者通过护理专案干预后,服药依从性评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,观察组患者自我效能评分、生活质量评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针对结直肠癌患者通过实施护理专案干预能够有效提高口服用药的依从性,强化患者自我管理效能,提高生活质量,值得运用推广。

脑血疏口服液不同用药时点对脑出血急性期大鼠血肿大小及CD36表达的影响

目的:观察脑血疏口服液在不同用药时点对脑出血急性期大鼠血肿大小及CD36表达的影响。方法:采用尾状核注射Ⅶ型胶原酶构建大鼠脑出血模型。将40只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)、预给药组(C组)、造模后6 h给药组(E组)、造模后24 h给药组(G组)。造模前,C组给予脑血疏口服液灌胃,其余各组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,共7 d。造模后,C、E和G组分别于各自时点给予脑血疏口服液灌胃,其余各组给予等量生理盐水,共3 d。运用改良的神经功能缺损评分标准(mNSS)评估大鼠神经功能缺损程度,磁共振成像技术(MRI)检测脑内血肿体积,苏木-伊红染色(HE)观察血肿周围组织形态,透射电镜观察血肿周围组织超微结构,免疫组化(IHC)观察血肿周围组织CD36阳性细胞数,蛋白印迹法(Western Blot)检测CD36蛋白表达。结果:神经功能缺损评分结果显示,各组大鼠在造模后均出现不同程度的神经功能缺损,与B组相比,C组及E组神经功能评分降低(P<0.05)。病理染色结果提示,C、E、G组较B组血肿周围组织坏死面积减少,周围组织疏松减轻,神经元超微结构改善,线粒体数量增多。MRI检测显示,与B组相比,C、E、G组大鼠血肿体积减小(P<0.05),其中,C、E组血肿吸收率显著提高(P<0.05)。Western Blot结果提示,与B组相比,C、E组的CD36表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果提示,与B组相比,C、E、G组大鼠的血肿周围组织CD36免疫标记阳性表达染色加深,数量增多,CD36表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论:脑出血急性期应用脑血疏口服液不会增加血肿扩大风险及再出血风险,在不同时点给药均可改善大鼠神经功能,促进大鼠血肿吸收,减轻神经元结构损害,且在脑出血急性期6 h内给药疗效最佳,其机制可能与上调大鼠脑出血后CD36的表达有关。

口服抗肿瘤药癌症患者药物素养的研究进展

口服抗肿瘤药是癌症患者治疗的重要组成部分,良好的药物素养是确保患者安全用药的基础,药物素养不足会导致药物不良事件的产生。本文对癌症患者口服抗肿瘤药的药物素养概念、现状、影响因素和干预措施进行综述,以期为保障癌症患者安全服用抗肿瘤药提供参考。

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗雄激素性脱发用药规律研究

目的:对中药内外治疗雄激素性脱发(AGA)的方剂用药规律进行统计分析,为临床治疗AGA提供理论依据。方法:检索国家知识基础设施数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国学术期刊数据库(CSPD)及中文科技期刊数据库(CCD),收集自建库至2022年2月18日与AGA有关的中医药文献,运用IBM SPSS Modeler、IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0等软件对中药数据进行关联规则、系统聚类及用药规律分析。结果:共筛选出183篇文献,获得内服方药178首,外用方药56首,内服单味药188味,外用单味药124味。内服单味药应用频次前3位分别为何首乌、茯苓、丹参,性味归经统计分析多性寒、味甘、归肝经,功效分析多为补益药,关联规则分析常用药对为墨旱莲+女贞子,聚类分析共得出4个内服核心方药。外用单味药应用频次前3位分别为何首乌、侧柏叶、苦参,性味归经统计分析多性温、味苦、归肝经,功效分析多为清热药,关联规则分析常用药对为墨旱莲+女贞子,聚类分析共得出2个外用核心处方。结论:治疗AGA内服中药多以补益药、利水渗湿药为主,性味多以甘寒为主,归经以肝脾为主;外用中药多以清热药、解表药为主,性味多以苦温为主,归经以肝肺为主,为临床提供参考。

药师干预口服抗肿瘤药患者用药依从性的成效分析

目的评价药师干预口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性的成效。方法采用计算机检索PubMed,Web of Science,Embase及中国知网、维普和万方医学数据库中药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者用药依从性进行干预的相关研究,检索时限为自建库起至2022年4月1日。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评价工具RoB2进行偏倚风险评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析,无法进行Meta分析的结局指标进行描述性统计。结果共纳入8项随机对照试验(RCT),涉及患者717例。常见的用药依从性干预措施为定期随访、用药教育和咨询。测量方法包括直接评估法和间接评估法,其中直接评估法通过测量血药浓度;间接评估法包括客观评估法(药片计数法和电子监测设备)和主观评估法(患者问卷调查)。4项以患者是否依从用药二分类变量为结局指标的RCT的Meta分析结果显示,药师对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预可显著提高其用药依从性[OR=4.59,95%CI(1.09,19.29),P=0.04];亚组分析结果显示,采用主观评估法评估用药依从性的研究中,干预组的用药依从性显著提高[OR=6.84,95%CI(2.84,16.50),P<0.0001]。结论药师积极对口服抗肿瘤药物患者进行药学干预,可提高患者的用药依从性。

基于中医传承辅助平台的中药内服治疗原发性骨质疏松症组方用药规律研究

目的:基于数据挖掘方法探讨中医药治疗原发性骨质疏松症的组方用药规律。方法:检索中国知网、维普、万方等中文数据库2006—2022年中药内服治疗原发性骨质疏松症的中药方剂,通过中医传承辅助平台系统软件(TCMISS)运用关联规则算法、复杂系统熵聚类方法,统计处方中药物的性味归经、使用频率、药物之间的关联规则、核心药物组合和高频中药组合。结果:纳入文献共计210篇,涉及224首方剂,168味中药。总结高频证候分型,居于前4位的分别是肾虚血瘀证、脾肾亏虚证、肝肾阴虚证、肾虚证。性味归经最多为温性药,五味频次最多为甘味药。药物归经前4位的是肝、肾、脾及心经。单味中药使用频次居于前10位的是熟地黄、淫羊藿、当归、杜仲、黄芪、骨碎补、补骨脂、山茱萸、山药、枸杞子。关联规则分析得到45个药对组合及44条关联规则。聚类分析得到20个药物核心组合,优化出10个新方组合。结论:原发性骨质疏松症病因以肾、脾亏虚为主,兼有血瘀,中医药治疗以补益肝肾、健脾益气、活血补血为主。