Bio-Based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention and Antibacterial Properties

This study presents a solvent-free,facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin(MV)using vanillin.The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather,but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene(St).Herein,MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate(BA)to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV-BA)miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization.Subsequently,MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties,were introduced into the P(MV-BA)miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion.During the gradual solidification of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface,MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene,which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria,exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy.In particular,when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%,the surface temperature of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsioncoated leather(PML)increased by about 15℃ in an outdoor environment during winter,and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100%under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min.Moreover,the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability,water vapor permeability,and thermal stability of these coatings.This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel,green,and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather,with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties.It can not only realize zerocarbon heating based on sunlight in winter,reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions,but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria,viruses,and other microorganisms.

Distributional and behavioral responses of the wintering Oriental Storks to drought in China’s largest freshwater lake

Extreme droughts are increasing in frequency and severity globally as a result of climate change.Developing understanding of species’responses to drought is crucial for their conservation,especially in regions experi-encing increased aridity.Although numerous studies have investigated birds’responses to drought,the emphasis has primarily been on landbirds.Drought can significantly alter the wetland environments that waterbirds inhabit,but the response of waterbirds to drought remains understudied.In this study,we surveyed the distri-bution and behavior of Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in Poyang Lake,which is the largest freshwater lake in China.Results indicate that drought-induced catchment areas at the lowest water level limited the total popu-lation size of Oriental Storks in the sub-lakes.Sub-lakes with large catchment areas at the lowest water level demonstrated a capacity to support a larger population of wintering Oriental Storks.Over time,Oriental Storks exhibited a gradual concentration in Changhu Lake,characterized by larger catchments,after resource depletion in sub-lakes with smaller catchments.Additionally,the duration of Oriental Storks’vigilance and moving be-haviors decreased significantly compared with that observed before the drought.After the drought,Oriental Storks increased their foraging efforts,as evidenced by increased presence in deeper water and reaching their heads and necks into deeper water to forage,higher search rates,but lower foraging rates.In accordance with area-restricted search theory,reductions in habitat quality resulting from drought,including extensive fish die-offs,forced Oriental Storks to increase their foraging efforts.Sustaining a specific water area in sub-lakes during droughts can preserve resource availability,which is crucial for the conservation of Oriental Storks.Imple-menting measures such as water level control and micro-modification of lake bottoms in sub-lakes might mitigate the impact of drought on the piscivorous Oriental Storks.

Flexible nest site selection of the endangered Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana):Trade-off from adaptive strategies

Nest site selection is a vital component of bird reproduction success,and an adaptive behavior conducted to decrease nest predation risk with avoiding external disturbances.Understanding patterns of nest site selection can provide insights into how species adapt to changes in their habitat and has important conservation implications.In this study,we used microhabitat variables and multi-scale data with a field survey of nest occurrence to determine nest site selection patterns and adaptive strategies of the breeding Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in different nest areas.Results demonstrate that the nest site microhabitat characteristics of the breeding Oriental Storks significantly differed among the three nesting areas,and nest height was higher in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain than in the Northeast China and Bohai Bay nest areas.The food resources and intensity of human disturbance had the greatest effects on the nest site selection of the breeding Oriental Storks.The intensity of human disturbance was positively correlated with the nest height of the breeding Oriental Storks in Bohai Bay and the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain;however,nest height decreased with the abundance of food resources in the Northeast China nest area.Our findings indicate that the nest site selection patterns of Oriental Storks showed flexible adaptive strategies.In safer environments,nests were lower and closer to food resources,which allows parent storks to invest more in the nestlings.However,in areas where human activity was intense,nests were higher to ensure the safety of their offspring.Some measures that could be taken to improve the breeding habitat of Oriental Storks include increasing the percentage of wetland areas in nesting areas to enhance food resources availability and setting artificial nests at suitable heights in potential nesting grounds to encourage nesting.Finally,the establishment of soft barriers around the nesting areas could increase the safety of nests.

Possible source and migration pathway for early-summer immigrants of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, arriving in northern Japan

The first generation of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata(Walker), arrives every year in northern Japan in mainly late May to early June. Analyses of weather maps suggested that this moth’s immigration source could be eastern China, but the accuracy of those analyses was very limited due to the lack of a current standard trajectory analysis. The management of migratory insect pests such as M. separata benefits from the identification of the migration source(s)and pathway(s) of the pests. The present study provides a trajectory analysis for M. separata. Backward trajectories from trap sites in northern Japan were calculated with the HYSPLIT System developed by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, taking the flight speed of M. separata and the limitation of low ambient temperature at flight height into account. The ending times of the moth’s short and long trajectories were set at dusk on the day before and two days before the possible arrival date, respectively. The results suggested two types of possible migration pathway: a multi-step pathway from Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, and eastern Russia, which are destination areas of the first-generation’s migration, and a direct pathway from seasonal main emigration areas in eastern China such as Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. These findings contribute to our understanding of the migration ecology of M. separata and can be used for the development of methods to predict the migration of this insect.

Migration routes of the endangered Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)from Xingkai Lake,China,and their repeatability as revealed by GPS tracking

The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protected bird species in China.Understanding this species'seasonal movements and migration will facilitate effective conservation to promote its population.We tagged 27 Oriental Stork nestlings at Xingkai Lake on the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province,China,used GPS tracking to follow them over the periods of 2014-2017 and 2019-2022,and confirmed their detailed migratory routes using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS 10.7.We discovered four migration routes during autumn migration:one common long-distance migration route in which the storks migrated along the coastline of Bohai Bay to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for wintering,one short-distance migration route in which the storks wintered in Bohai Bay and two other migration routes in which the storks crossed the Bohai Strait around the Yellow River and wintered in South Korea.There were no significant differences in the number of migration days,residence days,migration distances,number of stopovers and average number of days spent at stopover sites between the autumn and spring migrations(P>0.05).However,the storks migrated significantly faster in spring than in autumn(P=0.03).The same individuals did not exhibit a high degree of repetition in their migration timing and route selection in either autumn or spring migration.Even storks from the same nest exhibited considerable between-individual variation in their migration routes.Some important stopover sites were identified,especially in the Bohai Rim Region and on the Songnen Plain,and we further explored the current conservation status at these two important sites.Overall,our results contribute to the understanding of the annual migration,dispersal and protection status of the endangered Oriental Stork and provide a scientific basis for conservation decisions and the development of action plans for this species.

Oriental Utopia under the Gaze of the Other-A Brief Analysis of the Construction of the Oriental Image in Lost Horizon

Lost Horizon tells a story about Shangri-La,a paradise in the Orient.Throughout the construction of the Oriental image in the novel,it can be found that under its representation of being enslaved,driven,marginalized and silenced,it implies a three-dimensional flow mechanism with multiple power-relationships interwoven between Orient and Occident,insiders and outsiders,“civilized”and“uncivilized”,male and female,etc.Driven by this mechanism,the Oriental image is integrated under a single abstract label,which has become a way for the Occident to re-understand,reconstruct and express itself after the war.

企业资源配置战略与债券信用评级

企业战略作为企业全局性、长期性资源配置的重要规划,对企业经营活动具有重要影响,也必然会影响企业的融资行为。本文从企业战略视角出发,以2008—2020年中国A股上市公司为研究对象,运用固定效应模型探究了企业资源配置战略对债券信用评级的影响。研究发现:相对于经营主导型企业,投资主导型企业的债券信用评级更低,并且该结论在处理内生性问题和进行一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析发现,企业资源配置战略对债券信用评级的影响在非国有企业和分析师跟踪人数多的企业中更明显。中介效应检验结果表明,企业资源配置战略通过作用于企业违约风险而影响债券信用评级。本文的研究结论对发债企业、信用评级机构和债券市场投资者具有重要启示意义。

网络数据犯罪立法的三大重要问题

将“对技术工具的不法利用行为”作为构成要件内容,属于手段型立法,不符合刑法的明确性要求。对于网络数据犯罪的构成要件,应采取目的型立法方式,要挖掘有明确法益指向的具体行为类型。准确定位网络数据犯罪的法益,才能确保立法的理性。数据法益不适合作为刑法上的独立法益,应通过刑法历来关注的个人法益,以及有具体内容且有公共危险指向的集体法益,对网络数据犯罪的法益予以限制性把握。在中国持续严密刑事法网以及社会高速发展不断催生多样化不法类型的趋势下,单一法典模式面临着现实压力,也存在“全而不专”的问题。应当重视单行刑法和附属刑法的价值,逐步建设具有交互性的多元法源体系。

中国研究型医院的内涵和建设策略

系统梳理研究型医院的概念和内涵,从资金投入、人才队伍建设以及科研成果转化等方面分析我国研究型医院建设存在问题,在总结研究型医院国际发展经验的基础上,提出优化策略:打造研究型医院建设标杆,拓展医工合作新模式;加大研究型医院科研投入,优化投入结构;落实分级诊疗,构建适用于研究型医院的评价机制;优化人员激励机制,加强临床科研队伍建设;加强平台建设,提高科研转化能力。

论“新质生产力”的国家方略政策取向

生产力是决定经济社会发展的基础性根本性因素,一切经济社会现象归根结底受生产力状况所决定与制约。“新质生产力”是对国家发展方略及政策取向的原则提示,是将国家发展的方略核心,定位于“聚焦生产力,发力新科技”的实践方向;“新质生产力”既要有科技创新的要素结构,也要有创新担当和允许试错的制度安排。一个国家的人才政策取向,能否适应更需创新激励与权责担当的就业结构和工作秩序,对经济发展形势具有关键性影响;一心谋发展,聚意高质量,是众望所归的人民意愿,也是国家选择发展模式的政策取向。人类社会随着科技创新,特别是数字化和AI技术的长足发展,重复类工作将被大量替代,新创类工作不断涌现,纠管类工作得以优化。未来由于生产力的质态变化,产业组织也将发生根本性的变革,从而对经济系统中组织资本和信任资本具有更高要求。

智慧社区人本化转型的行动框架与策略--基于“人-技术-空间-平台”四维互嵌视角

智慧社区作为构成智慧城市的基本单元及我国城市精细化治理的“最后一公里”,其建设和治理模式的人本化转型,对于践行人民城市重要理念、促进城镇空间人性化设计、推进治理体系与治理能力现代化具有重要意义。结合文献资料、政策法规和城镇发展状况,梳理智慧社区建设发展演进脉络,厘清影响智慧社区人本化转型的“人”“技术”“空间”“平台”等4种因素,从参与主体、技术支撑、空间载体、治理平台等4个维度构建智慧社区人本化转型的理论框架,以期为我国智慧社区高质量建设提供理论支撑。

市场导向、动态能力与企业战略绩效——双案例对比研究

在竞争激烈的数字时代背景下,为保持良好的经营业绩,企业需要运用市场导向来满足客户潜在或现有需求。已有研究发现动态能力在满足市场需求时能够作用于战略转变,促使企业及时调整策略、开拓新的核心竞争力,进而提升绩效。通过采用双案例对比分析的方式,探究了不同市场导向如何通过动态能力对企业战略绩效产生影响。研究发现:(1)市场导向通过对动态能力三个维度的调整来影响企业战略绩效;(2)不同市场导向对企业战略绩效的影响效果存在差异,在先动式市场导向驱动下,企业战略绩效表现更优;(3)在不同市场导向驱动下,企业采取动态能力侧重维度不同,受先动式市场导向引导的企业更注重持续迭代的创新能力,从而满足客户潜在需求,而受反应式市场导向引导的企业则更注重持续提升销售能力,从而满足客户现有需求。

新时代教育评价体系的价值定位:国际趋势与中国方案

教育评价体系的价值定位是指人们在开展评价过程中遵循的准则、理念或偏好,体现在各领域的评价样态之中。近十年来,发达国家在教育评价改革中存在服务发展、精准刻画、多元参与这三类主要价值定位,我国新时代教育评价改革亦对这些价值导向有所探索。进一步构建新时代具有中国特色的教育评价体系的价值体系,需要构建以学生全面发展为核心的教育评价价值体系,以立德树人为根本遵循统合“服务发展”的价值定位,以开放的态度对待“精准刻画”的技术倡议并加强研究澄清,加强“多元参与导向”的制度化建设。

新型农村集体经济高质量发展:内涵特征、现实困境与应对策略

发展新型农村集体经济,实现集体经济现代化转型,是促进乡村振兴和共同富裕的重要途径。论文在阐述与分析新型农村集体经济高质量发展的理论内涵与新型农村集体经济主要类型的基础上,回顾与总结新型农村集体经济的发展历程与改革成效,阐明新型农村集体经济发展面临的主要问题,并有针对性地提出推动新型农村集体经济高质量发展的路径和举措。同时,论文结合目前学界关于经济发展质量内涵的界定,从现实困境与需求出发,提出从治理、经济和社会三个维度理解新型农村集体经济高质量发展的内涵特征。研究表明,面向未来,可从治理、经济和社会三个维度优化社会主义市场经济条件下新型农村集体经济的高质量发展路径,为全面推进乡村振兴和实现农民农村共同富裕奠定更加坚实的物质基础和制度保障。

成果导向下“精益”教学资源库建设模式的构建与实践

针对高职专业教学资源库建设中资源与岗位对接度不够、资源利用率不高、学习达成度评价体系不全等问题,提出了一种成果导向下的“精益”建设模式。“精益”建设模式以成果为导向,反向设计资源模块,项目式串联建设可复用颗粒化资源,精准化设置学习目标达成评价体系,教师可以基于学情数据,利用资源库资源搭建在线课程,满足不同学习者的学习需求,实现分层次差异化教学。实践表明该模式能有效服务于专业人才培养需求,高效益建设资源库资源,提高学生学习达成度,更好的服务于教师的教学需求,为职业教育资源库提供了一种参考模式。

乡村定向师范生培养研究的回顾与展望

乡村定向师范生是乡村振兴背景下教师教育研究的新对象。乡村定向师范生培养研究主要集中于培养主体、培养定位、核心素养、培养体系、培养效果五大板块。现有研究明确了系列理论问题:地方师范院校是培养乡村定向师范生的主要院校,乡村定向师范生培养以“下得去、留得住、教得好”为根本指向,“本土化培养”和“全科教师培养”是乡村定向师范生培养的核心任务,等等。乡村定向师范生培养研究还存在需要改进之处,如研究内容和理论深度需要拓展,研究方法不应限于理论思辨为主,应形成多学科研究范式等。未来研究应注重拓展研究内容、深化研究层次,强化实证研究取向、提倡研究方法多元化,确立多学科研究范式、开展多学科和多视角研究。

积极青少年发展理论的演进与意涵

积极青少年发展是发展科学理论范式的重大转变,极大推动了全球青少年发展研究和教育政策的进程。积极青少年发展突破“问题视角”和“缺陷模型”,主张关注青少年的优势和相对可塑性,强调个体与情境的互惠互动,凸显青少年之于社会进步和人类发展的贡献与方法论价值。在历经生态情境取向向历史文化取向的演进过程中,积极青少年发展研究逐步在世界范围内开展、推广和践行,彰显出鲜明的理论更新自觉和实践品格,这对推动对青少年的认识论发展、我国积极青少年发展研究以及政策制定实施,具有多重启示。

基于育人为先实践为重能力导向理念的病理学课程建设研究

当今大学生的创新实践能力培养一直是中国高等教育改革发展的战略主题。辽宁中医药大学病理学教学团队多年来坚持“立德树人、仁者仁心”的教育理念,坚持育人为先、实践为重、能力导向,不断更新教学理念、探索教学方法改革。在课程建设过程中,融合思政教育以提高人文素养,优化课程内容以强化实践能力,开展多元化教学模式以提高综合能力,构建了多元化病理学考核形式。

基于行动导向教学模式的高职《财务管理》教学方法探究

科技革命和数字经济对教育提出了新的要求,教学不但要秉承传统教育的知识传授,更需关注学生独立思考能力和创造能力的培养,养成使学生能够自主同时有能力开展智力活动的习惯。传统以教师为主导的教学模式更多关注学生知识的接收与掌握,忽略了发现和探索学习的重要性。基于行动导向的教学模式关注批判理解,强调学生学习内容与探究式学习方法的关联性,从而把握事物的实质,深入理解核心概念和原理,提升自我学习、自我探究的学习能力。

基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式构建--一个单案例研究

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,世界各国科技竞争加剧,科技创新成为各国博弈的主战场。我国在基础研究、关键核心技术等领域正在遭受西方发达国家的围堵。高校作为基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地,传统科研范式在响应国家重大需求方面存在原始创新能力薄弱、科技成果转化率低、协同创新能力不足等问题。持续增大的外部压力、创新高风险与高投入使得“有组织科研”成为当前我国高校提升创新效能的重要选择,也是高校深度融入国家创新体系的重要举措。阐述“四个面向”和“有组织科研”的内涵,梳理“四个面向”与“有组织科研”、“有组织科研”与自由探索的关系,从高校传统科研范式亟待解决的问题入手,构建基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式,对重庆大学“有组织科研”实施路径与成效进行解析,验证理论的科学性与适用性。