Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

A plausible pathway to prebiotic peptides via amino acid amides on the primordial Earth

The prebiotic synthesis of peptides prior to ribosome-catalyzed processes remains an enigma.The synthesis of abiotic peptides from amino acids(AAs)is primarily constrained by high activation energies and unfavorable thermodynamics,necessitating the identification of plausible prebiotic alternatives for synthesizing prebiotic peptides.Here we present a plausible pathway to the formation of prebiotic peptides,wherein oligopeptides,oligopeptide amides,and cyclic oligopeptides can be directly synthesized from amino acid amides(AA-NH2)under wet–dry cycle conditions without the need for any enhancers.The subsequent investigation revealed that AA-NH2 demonstrated more favorable thermodynamic reaction effects than AAs in peptide formation.In contrast to the polymerization of AAs,the process of peptide formation through the polymerization of AA-NH2 was significantly simplified.Additionally,AA-NH2 was discovered to function as a“bridge”for the formation of peptides from AAs,thereby facilitating their participation in the synthesis of intricate peptide structures.On the basis of these findings,a plausible mechanism for the prebiotic origin network of peptides under primordial Earth conditions has been proposed.Overall,this research presents a plausible pathway for the generation of prebiotic peptides and peptide libraries within prebiotic environments.

Management of retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma of unknown origin:A case report

BACKGROUND Retroperitoneal high-grade serous carcinoma(HGSC)of unknown origin is a sporadic tumor that can originate from ovarian cancer.Herein,we report the case of a woman with retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin and describe how she was diagnosed and treated.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old female presented with the tumor marker CA125 elevated to 1041.9 U/mL upon a regular health examination.Computed tomography revealed retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement.Subsequently,positron emission tomography scanning revealed lesions with increased F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake at the nodes.As a result,she underwent laparoscopic lymph node resection,and pathology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with CK7(+),PAX8(+),WT1(+),PR(-),and p53 mutational loss of expression,indicating that the origin may be from the adnexa.The patient was admitted to our ward and underwent laparoscopic staging;however,the pathological results were negative.Under the suspicion of retroperitoneal HGSC of unknown origin,chemotherapy and targeted therapy were initiated.Tumor marker levels decreased after treatment.CONCLUSION We present a case of HGSC of unknown origin managed using retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy,staging surgery,chemotherapy,and targeted therapy.

Unroofing Technique for Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Right Sinus of Valsalva: Report of a Case

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (AOLCA) from the right sinus of Valsalva constitutes a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. Patients with an anomalous left main coronary artery face a significantly higher risk of sudden cardiac death compared to those with an anomalous right coronary artery. The anomalous coronary artery traversing between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery markedly heightens the risk of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Symptomatic patients often exhibit a longer intramural course of the coronary artery, which may necessitate earlier intervention or influence the choice of surgical repair method. Surgical intervention is advocated for patients with this anomaly, even in the absence of symptoms. For anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva with an intramural course, coronary unroofing is the preferred revascularization procedure. This report presents a case of AOLCA originating from the right sinus of Valsalva, treated surgically using the unroofing technique for the aortic intramural segment of the anomalous coronary artery traversing between the great vessels. The unroofing technique is recommended for treating AOLCA with an extensive intramural course that does not involve the commissure.

vivo OriginOS 4系统深度体验报告

随着AI大模型热潮愈演愈烈以及Android14正式版的发布,最近不少手机厂商公布了操作系统的升级计划,如vivo在2023年11月1日举行的开发者大会上就正式官宣了OriginOS4系统。OriginOS历代记2020年11月,vivo基于Android底层和Linux内核研发的OriginOS1.0正式问世。根据vivo官方的说法,以“本原做设计,设计为本原”为原则,OriginOS希望达成的目的是成为“连接物理世界和数字世界的桥梁”。该系统一问世就受到了广泛好评,因为它一方面在视觉设计对过去千篇一律的Android系统UI进行了重构,带来了更符合时代审美的诸多创新设计,如其首创的桌面架构体系“华容网格”,对桌面元素进行了重构,让桌面上的很多基础单元(系统组件和图标)都能进行自定义布局组合。

Deep original information preservation by applying in-situ film formation technology during coring

Accurately obtaining the original information of an in-situ rock via coring is a significant guiding step for exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources.It is difficult for traditional coring technology and equipment to preserve the original information in deep rocks.This study develops a technology for insitu substance-preserved(ISP),moisture-preserved(IMP),and light-preserved(ILP)coring.This technology stores the original information in real time by forming a solid sealing film on the in-situ sample during coring.This study designed the ISP-IMP-ILP-Coring process and tool.In addition,an ISP-IMP-ILPCoring process simulation system was developed.The effects of temperature,pressure,and film thickness on the quality of the in-situ film were investigated by performing in-situ film-forming simulation experiments.A solid sealing film with a thickness of 2-3 mm can be formed;it completely covers the core sample and has uniform thickness.The film maintains good ISP-IMP-ILP properties and can protect the core sample in the in-situ environment steadily.This study verifies the feasibility of“film formation during coring”technology and provides strong support for the engineering application of ISP-IMP-ILPCoring technology.

Original potential flotation technology for sulphide minerals

Original potential flotation (OPF) technology, which controls potential by chemical atomsphere resulted from various redox reactions in grinding flotation system, but neither through the use of redox reagents nor through the application of potentials from an external source, was proposed. For lead zinc iron sulphide minerals flotation system, the relationship among technological parameters such as pH, E op , collectors and flotaion time, was studied. The optimum conditions for the selective flotation of galena from the pb Zn Fe sulfide ores were: pH of 12.5～12.8,the pulp potential of 150～180 mV and with diethyldithioncarbamate (DDTC) as collector.

An Exploration of the Original Meaning and Connotation of Daoyin from “Movement” and “Essential Qi”

Now,daoyin has developed into a complete set of conventional movement patterns,such as Baduanjin,Yijinjing,and Wuqinxi.However,the original meaning and the connotation of daoyin is ignored by people gradually,which will hinder the development of daoyin and make the specific application difficult.In this article,we will explore the basic composition of the daoyin–“movement”and its intrinsic basis–“essential qi”to think about the original meaning and connotation of daoyin.

The telomere-to-telomere genome of Fragaria vesca reveals the genomic evolution of Fragaria and the origin of cultivated octoploid strawberry

Fragaria vesca,commonly known as wild or woodland strawberry,is the most widely distributed diploid Fragaria species and is native to Europe and Asia.Because of its small plant size,low heterozygosity,and relative ease of genetic transformation,F.vesca has been a model plant for fruit research since the publication of its Illumina-based genome in 2011.However,its genomic contribution to octoploid cultivated strawberry remains a long-standing question.Here,we de novo assembled and annotated a telomere-to-telomere,gap-free genome of F.vesca‘Hawaii 4’,with all seven chromosomes assembled into single contigs,providing the highest completeness and assembly quality to date.The gap-free genome is 220785082 bp in length and encodes 36173 protein-coding gene models,including 1153 newly annotated genes.All 14 telomeres and seven centromeres were annotated within the seven chromosomes.Among the three previously recognized wild diploid strawberry ancestors,F.vesca,F.iinumae,and F.viridis,phylogenomic analysis showed that F.vesca and F.viridis are the ancestors of the cultivated octoploid strawberry F.×ananassa,and F.vesca is its closest relative.Three subgenomes of F.×ananassa belong to the F.vesca group,and one is sister to F.viridis.We anticipate that this high-quality,telomere-to-telomere,gap-free F.vesca genome,combined with our phylogenomic inference of the origin of cultivated strawberry,will provide insight into the genomic evolution of Fragaria and facilitate strawberry genetics and molecular breeding.

Cellulase in Anoplophora glabripennis adults fed on original host tree species and non-original host trees

Cellulase activities of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） adults from two host plants （Populus simonii x p pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu. and Salix matsudana Koidz） fed on three different host tree species （Acer negundo Linn., S. matsudana Koidz and P simonii x P pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu.） were investigated. Enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in the intestines of the insects were measured. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase between male and female insects from the two host plants fed on three host trees, neither inβ-glucosidase. No statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase were found between males and females from the two plants fed on three host tree species, except that the endoglucanase activity in males from the opera poplar fed on Hankow willow is lower than that fed on ash-leaf maple and opera poplar.

Study on Knowledge Increase Mechanism and Original Substance from the Viewpoint of Biological Fermentation

The internal mechanism of organizational learning and knowledge increase is very similar to the mechanism of biotic ferment, so we creatively use Knowledge Convening ＆ Fermenting Model （KCFM） to explain the origination and mechanism of knowledge increase, espec）ally clarifying that the original substance is the key factor to cause organizational learning and knowledge innovation, We also thoroughly analyze the helix process for knowledge bacterial strain to impel knowledge increase.

The Rise of China Cosmetics Original Technology

Under the current situation of the cosmetics industry,this paper compares the different technical fields of cosmetics at home and abroad and the development status of cosmetic raw materials,discusses the reasons why foreign cosmetic raw materials still occupy the majority of the country,and summarizes the development status of the number of patent applications,cosmetic safety and efficacy evaluation methods,animal substitution and in vitro evaluation technology for cosmetics,the combination of digital beauty and cosmetics and localization of testing equipment,and suggestions on the development of China’s future cosmetic original technology capabilities.

Correction:Geochronology and origin of Paleoproterozoic charnockites with old crustal signature in the Haisyn block of the Ukrainian shield

In the original publication of the article,Pbr should be replaced with Pb in Table 2.The correct Table 2 is provided in this article.

The Origin and Preservation of Suspended Barites near the 90°E Ridge in the Northeastern Indian Ocean

Suspended particulate barite crystals were detected in the water columns at four different stations near the 90°E ridge in the Indian Ocean.Four distinct morphological types of marine barites were distinguished:euhedral-subhedral crystals,oval or round crystals,rhombic crystals,and irregular crystals.The barite crystals in the study area are typically fine,with a dominant size of 1–3μm.The vertical distribution of barites is significantly affected by the formation and sedimentation processes.Barites begin to appear at a depth of 30 m and are formed primarily from the surface to the depth of 2000m with a concentration peak at the depth of 200m,where particles are coarser than those in the other layers.The barites begin to settle and dissolve once formed in the water column,resulting in finer barite particles and lower particle concentrations.The formation of barite crystals is related to biological processes associated with the decomposition of barium-rich skeletons in the microenvironment of decaying organic matter that is affected by the primary productivity and dissolved oxygen content in the water column.The dissolving process of barite crystals showed similar variation with the concentration of dissolved barium in ocean water,and the substitution of strontium for barite in crystals promotes the selective dissolution of barite and exerts an important impact on its morphology.It is approximately 33%of barites in the amount and 22%in the concentration to settle to the bottom of the water column compared to that observed in the main barite formation zone.

Origin of hydrocarbon fluids and discussion of abnormal carbon isotopic compositions in the Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin

The hydrocarbon gases in the L1 gas field of the Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag have been commonly interpreted to be an accumulation of pure sapropelic-type thermogenic gas.In this study,chemical components,stable isotopic compositions,and light hydrocarbons were utilized to shed light on the origins of the hydrocarbon fluids in the L1gas pool.The hydrocarbon fluids in the L1 gas pool are proposed to be a mixture of three unique components:mid-maturity oil from the middle Paleocene coastal marine Lingfeng source rock,oil-associated(late oil window)gas generated from the lower Paleocene lacustrine Yueguifeng source rock,and primary microbial gas from the paralic deposits of the upper Paleocene Mingyuefeng source rock.Here,for the first time,the hydrocarbon gases in the L1 gas pool are diagnosed as mixed oil-associated sapropelic-type gas and microbial gas via four pieces of principal evidence:(1)The abnormal carbon isotopic distributions of all methane homologues from C_(1)(CH_(4)or methane)to C_(5)(C_(5)H_(12)or pentane)shown in the Chung plot;(2)the diagnostic~(13)C-depleted C_(1)compared with the thermogenic sapropelic-type gas model,whileδ^(13)C_(2)(C_(2)H_(6)or ethane)andδ^(13)C_(3)(C_(3)H_(8)or propane)both fit perfectly;(3)the excellent agreement of the calculated carbon isotopic compositions of the pure thermogenic gas with the results of the thermal simulated gas from the type-II1 kerogen-rich Yueguifeng source rock;and(4)the oil-associated gas inferred from various binary genetic diagrams with an abnormally elevated gas oil ratio.Overall,the natural gases of the L1 gas pool were quantified in this study to comprise approximately 13%microbial gas,nearly 48%oil-associated sapropelic-type gas,and 39%of nonhydrocarbon gas.The microbial gas is interpreted to have been codeposited and entrained in the humic-kerogen-rich Mingyuefeng Formation under favorable lowtemperature conditions during the late Paleocene-middle Eocene.The microbial gas subsequently leaked into the structurally and stratigraphically complex L1 trap with oil-associated sapropelic-type gas from the Yueguifeng source rock during the late Eocene-Oligocene uplifting event.A small amount of humic-kerogen-generated oil in the L1 gas pool is most likely to be derived from the underlying Lingfeng source rock.The detailed geological and geochemical considerations of source rocks are discussed to explain the accumulation history of hydrocarbon fluids in the L1 gas pool.This paper,therefore,represents an effort to increase the awareness of the pitfalls of various genetic diagrams,and an integrated geochemical and geological approach is required for hydrocarbonsource correlation.

Clinical and Pathological Research Status of Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

With the changes in disease spectrum and the popularization of screening of low-dose spiral CT (CT) in the chest, more and more pulmonary nodules have been detected, most of which are bipulmonary multiple nodules. The existence of multiple pulmonary nodules means that it may be a pathological state of benign and malignant co-existence. The origin and evolution of pulmonary nodules in different histopathological states have a great impact on the choice of treatment methods. In recent years, the rise of immunotherapy has brought a breakthrough in the treatment of refractory lung cancer. However, some patients are still ineffective in immunotherapy, which may be related to the immune microenvironment where nodules are proportioned in different components in different pathological states. This review article mainly predicts the development process of nodules by analyzing the origin of multiple pulmonary nodules and the immune microenvironment of nodules in different pathological conditions, so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Bellini’s Norma and the Challenge of Regieoper

Despite the universal messages of Bellini’s Norma,the attempts at translating and adapting it to a modern context in the revisionist spirit of Regieoper(the director’s opera)encounter serious difficulties,as indicated by recent productions.The present paper focuses on these difficulties by examining in detail what appear to be the most challenging,innovative and thought-provoking among those productions which,despite remarkable merits,suffer from acute shortcomings:inter alia certain incompatibilities with the libretto,cultural dissonances,and problems of inner-coherence and verisimilitude.The detailed analysis of specific productions is followed by a general discussion(through a comparative approach)of Norma’s adaptability to Regieoper,which is shown to be extremely difficult,among other reasons because the terms of reference to the dimensions of the historical context(and the inherent mores)in its libretto are by far less flexible than those of other operas.Norma’s universal messages and its dualities of“foreign”versus“familiar,”with their vast semantic ambit,would seem to be better understood by meticulously delving into the subtleties of the text(and subtext)of Romani’s sophisticated libretto.Inner-coherence and compatibility with the libretto are essential for any attempt at creating an appropriate analogy running parallel to the original narrative.A fully convincing production of Norma in a modernizing spirit,if at all possible,remains an artistic challenge.

Brucellosis,a diagnostic dilemma,presenting atypically in a child with terminal ileitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Brucellosis is endemic in India with seropositivity rates as high as 10%in children in the eastern states,yet the disease is not on the radar when a differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin(PUO)is being considered,especially in children in urban set-up.This may be because of the non-specific multitude of systemic symptoms seen in this disease and the lack of awareness among clinicians.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 13-year-old boy,who came with a history of undulating fever for the past three and a half months,loss of appetite,and abdominal pain.The child had visited several pediatricians and was even admitted to a tertiary care hospital for PUO evaluation,but to no avail.He presented to us after three and half months of suffering and weight loss of more than 10%of body weight.His ultrasonography revealed thickening of the terminal ileum.His blood culture grew Brucella melitensis.A diagnosis of Brucellosis with terminal ileitis was made.Brucella serology by enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)was positive for both IgG and IgM.He was treated with doxycycline and Rifampicin along with syrup multivitamin and zinc,for 6 wk.There was remarkable improvement with gain in 4 kg body weight within 2 mo of completing treatment.History revealed consumption of unpasteurized milk and contact with cattle.CONCLUSION Clinical suspicion,detailed history,appropriate laboratory investigations are the three pillars for diagnosing Brucellosis in patients presenting with vague symptoms.

Law and Inspiration——The laws of S&T Innovations of Originality as Reflected by Noble Prize Laureates in Natural Sciences and Major Scientific Accomplishments in the 20th Century

Today in the 21st century, Science and technology (S&T)develops by leaps and bounds. Such progress has fundamentally changed the development pace of history, becoming the principal driving force for the progress of human civilization.……

On Promoting Listening Comprehension of English Majors through Original English Movies

In recent years,with the reform of College English Teaching in China,listening has occupied a great proportion of both the examination content and classroom teaching.When everyone is seeking a high-efficiency,fast teaching method,the use of English original film teaching methods arises spontaneously.Its authentic speaking style,real language environment and rich cultural connotation not only improve the listening comprehension ability of English majors,but also enable students to intuitively understand the culture of Western countries.In this study,by referring to a large number of books and documents,this paper puts forward corresponding strategies for various problems arising from the use of English original film teaching in colleges and universities.English original film teaching can not only create a better learning environment,and stimulate students’interest in learning,but also enable students to actively participate in class discussions.