Evaluating the Origin Intensity Factor in the Singular Boundary Method for Three-Dimensional Dirichlet Problems

In this paper,a new formulation is proposed to evaluate the origin intensity factors(OIFs)in the singular boundary method(SBM)for solving 3D potential problems with Dirichlet boundary condition.The SBM is a strong-form boundary discretization collocation technique and is mathematically simple,easy-to-program,and free of mesh.The crucial step in the implementation of the SBM is to determine the OIFs which isolate the singularities of the fundamental solutions.Traditionally,the inverse interpolation technique(IIT)is adopted to calculate the OIFs on Dirichlet boundary,which is time consuming for large-scale simulation.In recent years,the new methodology has been developed to efficiently calculate the OIFs on Neumann boundary,but the Dirichlet problem remains an open issue.This study employs the subtracting and adding-back technique based on the integration of the fundamental solution over the whole boundary to develop a new formulation of the OIFs on 3D Dirichlet boundary.Several problems with varied domain shapes and boundary conditions are carried out to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme in comparison with the SBM based on inverse interpolation technique,the method of fundamental solutions,and the boundary element method.

Factors of Fetal Origin in the Regulation of Labor Initiation and Preterm Birth

Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.

Solution of Two-Dimensional Stokes Flow Problems Using Improved Singular BoundaryMethod

In this paper,an improved singular boundarymethod(SBM),viewed as one kind of modified method of fundamental solution(MFS),is firstly applied for the numerical analysis of two-dimensional(2D)Stokes flow problems.The key issue of the SBM is the determination of the origin intensity factor used to remove the singularity of the fundamental solution and its derivatives.The new contribution of this study is that the origin intensity factors for the velocity,traction and pressure are derived,and based on that,the SBM formulations for 2D Stokes flow problems are presented.Several examples are provided to verify the correctness and robustness of the presented method.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the potentials of the present SBM for solving 2D Stokes flow problems.

Recent Advances and Emerging Applications of the Singular Boundary Method for Large-Scale and High-Frequency Computational Acoustics

With the rapid development of computer technology,numerical simulation has become the third scientific research tool besides theoretical analysis and experi-mental research.As the core of numerical simulation,constructing efficient,accurate and stable numerical methods to simulate complex scientific and engineering prob-lems has become a key issue in computational mechanics.The article outlines the ap-plication of singular boundary method to the large-scale and high-frequency acoustic problems.In practical application,the key issue is to construct efficient and accurate numerical methodology to calculate the large-scale and high-frequency soundfield.This article focuses on the following two research areas.They are how to discretize partial differential equations into more appropriate linear equations,and how to solve linear equations more efficiently.The bottle neck problems encountered in the compu-tational acoustics are used as the technical routes,i.e.,efficient solution of dense linear system composed of ill-conditioned matrix and stable simulation of wave propagation at low sampling frequencies.The article reviews recent advances in emerging appli-cations of the singular boundary method for computational acoustics.This collection can provide a reference for simulating other more complex wave propagation.

Numerical Solution of Steady-State Free Boundary Problems using the Singular Boundary Method

In this paper,the recently-developed singular boundary method is applied to address free boundary problems.This mesh-less numerical method is based on the use of the origin intensity factors with fundamental solutions.Three numerical examples and their results are compared with the results obtained using traditional methods.The comparisons indicate that the proposed scheme yields good results in determining the position of the free boundary.