Role of Genetic Ancestry in Oropharyngeal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil

Background: HPV infection represents an important etiologic factor for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC). The different ethnic backgrounds could be related to different susceptibility to Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The aim of our study was to assess the whole of genetic ancestry in HPV status in OPSCC patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with OPSCC admitted to the Barretos Cancer Hospital, Brazil from 2014 to 2019. Of these, DNA extraction was performed on 40 patients and genetic ancestry was assessed using a specific panel of 46 informative ancestry markers. Results: We observed a predominance of European ancestry (63%), followed by African (18%), Amerindian (9%) and Asian (8%) both in the OPSCC HPV-positive and HPV-negative group. We did not find any statistically significant differences between the HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC groups in relation to European (p = 0.499), African (p = 0.448), Asian (p = 0.275) or Amerindian (p = 0.836) ancestry. Conclusions: We found a predominance of European ancestry, both in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. In our study, we did not find statistically significant differences between HPV-positive or HPV-negative groups in relation to ancestry.

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms

Primary appendiceal neoplasms represent a relatively low percentage of all gastrointestinal cancers. A subset of these neoplasms, those of epithelial origin, are characterised by the production of a considerable amount of mucus, which is referred to as appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN). Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) have a low incidence, are easily misdiagnosed, depend on postoperative examination for confirmation of the diagnosis, are prone to form a “diagnosis”, and have a high incidence of the disease. Furthermore, they are prone to form peritoneal pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), are controversial in surgical decision-making, are prone to recurring after surgery alone, and are tricky to manage clinically. In this paper, we review the pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal mucinous tumours in the light of recent literature reports, with a view to providing certain references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. .

Symptom Experience and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy-A Secondary Publication

Objective:To evaluate symptom experience and quality of life(QoL)and to identify the predictors of QoL among colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 colorectal cancer patients at a university-affiliated hospital between June 1 and July 30,2021.Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal(FACT-C)and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form(MSAS-SF)were used to assess symptom experience and QoL of these patients.Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation,t-test,ANOVA,and hierarchical multiple regression.Results:The mean QoL score for colorectal cancer patients was 88.78±20.08.The most frequently experienced physical and psychological symptoms were numbness/tingling and worrying.Physical and psychological symptoms have a significant negative association with QoL.Perceived economic status was significantly associated with QoL in patients’general characteristics.The regression analyses showed that high psychological symptoms(β=-0.63,P<0.001),middle perceived economic status(β=-0.22,P=0.009),and low perceived economic status(β=-0.36,P<0.001)were statistically significant in predicting patients’low QoL.Conclusion:Symptom experience and QoL are essential variables that should be acknowledged when delivering health care to colorectal cancer patients.More attention to the reduction and comprehensive symptom management of psychological distress could improve QoL among colorectal cancer patients.

Prolonged hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy duration with 90 minutes cisplatin might increase overall survival in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastases

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases(GC-PM)is associated with a poor prognosis.Although cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(CRS-HIPEC)is a promising approach,only a limited number of Western studies exist.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of patients who underwent CRSHIPEC for GC-PM.METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with GC-PM was conducted.All patients were seen at the Department of General and Visceral Surgery,Hospital Barmherzige Brüder,Regensburg,Germany between January 2011 and July 2021 and underwent CRS-HIPEC.Preoperative laboratory results,the use of neoadjuvant trastuzumab,and the details of CRS-HIPEC,including peritoneal carcinomatosis index,completeness of cytoreduction,and surgical procedures were recorded.Disease-specific(DSS),and overall survival(OS)of patients were calculated.RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included in the study.Patients treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab(n=5)showed longer DSS(P=0.0482).Higher white blood cell counts(DSS:P=0.0433)and carcinoembryonic antigen levels(OS and DSS:P<0.01),and lower hemoglobin(OS and DSS:P<0.05)and serum total protein(OS:P=0.0368)levels were associated with shorter survival.Longer HIPEC duration was associated with more advantageous median survival times[60-min(n=59):12.86 mo;90-min(n=14):27.30 mo],but without statistical difference.To obtain additional data from this observation,further separation of the study population was performed.First,propensity score-matched patient pairs(n=14 in each group)were created.Statistically different DSS was found between patient pairs(hazard ratio=0.2843;95%confidence interval:0.1119-0.7222;P=0.0082).Second,those patients who were treated with trastuzumab and/or had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity(median survival:12.68 mo vs 24.02 mo),or had to undergo the procedure before 2016(median survival:12.68 mo vs 27.30 mo;P=0.0493)were removed from the original study population.CONCLUSION Based on our experience,CRS-HIPEC is a safe and secure method to improve the survival of advanced GC-PM patients.Prolonged HIPEC duration may serve as a good therapy for these patients.

Advances in studies on human papillomavirus infection and oropharyngeal cancer

Objective: This study summarizes research progress on human papillomavirus (HPV)infection and carcinogenesis mechanism, curative effect, and prognosis of oropharyngeal epithelium.Methods: By using Medline and PubMed database retrieval system and “HPV,oropharyngeal cancer” as keywords, we searched relevant literature from January 1998 to June 2012 and incorporated results into the following criteria: 1) biological characteristics of HPV; 2) carcinogenic mechanism and route of HPV transmission; 3) HPV infection rate in oropharyngeal cancer; 4) HPV infection and prognosis of oropharyngeal cancer;and 5) HPV vaccine. A total of 38 articles were analyzed according to incorporated criteria.Results: HPV mainly infects oral mucosa through direct mouth–genital contact. Among general populations, oropharyngeal cancer tissues present higher HPV infection rate than oral mucosal epithelium. Polymerase chain reaction-based detection shows the highest sensitivity and is most widely used in HPV detection. High-risk HPV16/18 is a commonly detected type. HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is an independent subtype, displaying unique molecular biological and clinical features. Tumor tissues rare exhibit P53 mutation.Oropharyngeal cancer patients are sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and display long-term prognosis. Preventive effects of HPV vaccine on oropharyngeal cancer still require elucidation.Conclusion: HPV infection is an important risk and independent prognostic factor of oropharyngeal cancer.

Treatment of aggressive pancreatic solid pseudo-papillary neoplasms with apatinib plus S-1 chemotherapy:A case report and literature review

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN) is a rare indolent pancreatic neoplasm that occurs mostly in females. Although the malignancy potential is quite limited for SPN, these tumors can sometimes be aggressive and lead to inferior prognosis for male patients. In this case report, we present a special case of a male patient with SPN who experienced an aggressive tumor expansion after two surgical resections. For further treatment, we decided to administer chemotherapy with apatinib and S-1, and subsequent CT/MRI tumor monitoring indicated satisfactory control of tumor expansion. The effectiveness of apatinib plus the S-1 regimen should be tested for more patients with SPN in the future.

Relationship between Circulating Plasma Galectin-3 Levels and T-Cell Activation during Cervical Cancer Chemotherapy

Objective: Despite the existence of several therapeutic strategies, the management of cervical cancer remains challenging. Our region has very little data on the interaction between the immune system and the clinical response to chemotherapy. This work examines plasma levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and percentages of activated T cells in patients with cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and investigates if there is a relationship between the rates of these two elements. Methods: We compared data from 37 patients with cervical cancer undergoing chemotherapy and 42 controls with normal cervical cytology. Plasma Gal-3 concentrations were assessed by ELISA and expression of activation markers by T cells (CD69 and HLA-DR) was assessed by flow cytometry at three different time points during chemotherapy. Results: Our results showed that patients had a significantly higher concentration of Gal-3 compared to controls (4.025 vs. 1.340, p 0.001), similarly, they had a significantly high percentage of activated lymphocytes (2.610 vs. 0.731;p 0.0001). According to the response to treatment, patients with no response to treatment had a lower concentration of circulating Gal-3 but had approximately the same percentage of activated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as patients with a partial or total response. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the Gal-3 level and CD4 T cells expressing the activation marker CD69 (p 0.05;rho = 0.44). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that there would be a relationship between circulating galectin-3 and the percentage of peripheral CD4+CD69+ cells in cervical cancer.

Effects of cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy on prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.It is typically highly invasive,difficult to detect in the early stages,and has poor treatment outcomes,resulting in high mortality rates.The available treatment options for GC are relatively limited.One emerging treatment modality is hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC).HIPEC involves delivering heated chemotherapy directly into the abdominal cavity.It combines the strategies of surgical tumor resection and localized chemotherapy administration under hyperthermic conditions,aiming to enhance the concentration and effectiveness of drugs within the local tumor site while minimizing systemic toxicity.AIM To determine the effects of cytoreductive surgery(CRS)combined with HIPEC on the short-term prognosis of patients with advanced GC.METHODS Data from 80 patients treated at the Punan Branch of Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2018 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The control group comprised 44 patients treated with CRS,and the research group comprised 36 patients treated with CRS combined RESULTS The baseline data of the research and control groups were similar(P>0.05).Six days after surgery,the alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin levels significantly decreased compared to the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05).However,the values did not differ between the two groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Similarly,the postoperative creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly lower than the preoperative levels in both groups(P<0.05),but they did not differ between the groups six days postoperatively(P>0.05).Furthermore,the research group had fewer postoperative adverse reactions than the control group(P=0.027).Finally,a multivariate Cox analysis identified the tumor stage,distant metastasis,and the treatment plan as independent factors affecting prognosis(P<0.05).The three-year survival rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P=0.002).CONCLUSION CRS combined with HIPEC lowers the incidence of adverse reactions and improves survival in patients with advanced GC.

球囊阻断肝动脉灌注化疗用于不可切除肝细胞癌合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘

目的观察球囊阻断肝动脉灌注化疗(b-HAIC)用于不可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)合并肝动脉-门静脉瘘(HAPF)的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析8例接受FOLFOX b-HAIC的不可切除HCC合并HAPF患者,记录技术成功率及治疗相关不良事件并评价疗效。结果对8例成功完成17次b-HAIC,技术成功率100%。首次b-HAIC后1个月,8例HAPF瘘口分流量降低或完全闭合,治疗有效率100%。2~3次b-HAIC后,HCC客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)分别为87.50%(7/8)及100%(8/8)。8例治疗后均出现1~3级不良事件,以腹痛(7/8,87.50%)及转氨酶一过性升高(5/8,62.50%)为主,经休息或对症治疗后均好转;未见4~5级不良事件。结论b-HAIC治疗不可切除HCC合并HAPF有效且相对安全。

母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤临床和病理特征分析

目的:归纳并分析母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞肿瘤(BPDCN)的临床资料,为进一步认识该类疾病提供依据。方法:回顾性分析11例BPDCN患者的临床表现、免疫表型及病理特点、治疗与预后。结果:11例明确诊断BPDCN的患者中,男性8例、女性3例,中位年龄44(6-81)岁。临床主要以皮疹、包块等为首发症状,并伴有淋巴结、骨髓受累。肿瘤性母细胞性浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)表达HLA-DR、CD4、CD56、CD123,不表达cCD3、cMPO、cCD79a,部分病例可表达CD38、CD99、CD36。临床上手术切除、多次化疗失败的患者复发快,患者生存期短。首次化疗达到完全缓解的患者pDC细胞不表达CD56,且经骨髓移植后具有较长的生存期。结论:BPDCN免疫表型具有异质性,CD56是区分肿瘤性和正常pDC细胞的良好标志物;化疗缓解后进行造血干细胞移植的BPDCN患者预后较好。

鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血PD-1及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌放化疗治疗患者外周血程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)及免疫指标水平的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年江苏省肿瘤医院收治的90例鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均经病理确诊并接受放化疗治疗,采集其血液样本之后采用流式细胞术对不同时间段(治疗前、新辅助化疗后、放疗后)外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例、外周血PD-1、CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例的水平变化予以动态监测并比较。结果鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值分别为(72.28±8.37)%、(39.27±8.58)%、1.58±0.67,均明显高于治疗前,CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(18.27±8.38)%、(7.87±4.08)%,均明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的CD8^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。鼻咽癌患者新辅助化疗之后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(10.68±3.87)%,明显高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);新辅助化疗后与治疗前的外周血PD-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。放疗后与治疗前的CD3^(+)细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD4^(+)细胞比例、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值、CD19^(+)细胞比例分别为(26.68±6.09)%、0.88±0.29、(3.69±2.36)%,均明显低于治疗前,CD8^(+)、CD3-CD16^(+)CD56^(+)细胞比例分别为(31.03±8.08)%、(27.39±10.26)%,均明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻咽癌患者放疗后CD8^(+)CD28^(+)细胞比例为(7.08±2.57)%,明显低于治疗前,外周血PD-1水平为(13.38±6.27)%,明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新辅助化疗之后鼻咽癌患者外周血T细胞亚群比值处于持续上调趋势,而放疗完成后处于下降趋势,表明鼻咽癌患者于放疗完成后免疫功能受损;放疗完成后鼻咽癌患者T细胞PD-1表达水平明显上调,提示PD-1抑制剂最佳使用时间可能为放化疗完成时,抗PD-1维持治疗可发挥持久、高效的抗肿瘤作用。

肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性分析

目的分析肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性。方法选择2021年8月-2022年12月我院收治的肺癌化疗患者137例,采用Piper疲乏修订量表对化疗初期症状群进行评价,采用Pearson相关性分析对肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏的相关性进行分析。结果回收有效问卷137份(97.86%),137例肺癌患者化疗初期症状群表现为口干(67.88%)、食欲下降(58.39%)、呕吐(16.79%)、咯血(19.71%)、嗜睡(51.82%)、健忘(59.85%)、悲伤感(47.45%)、咳嗽(54.01%)、咳痰(75.18%)、便秘(37.96%)、麻木感(35.77%)、胸闷(59.12%)、气短(70.80%)以及体重下降(49.64%),有无症状群患者的癌因性疲乏评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。结论肺癌患者化疗初期症状群与癌因性疲乏呈正相关,临床可采取相应干预措施,降低癌因性疲乏的程度。

仑伐替尼联合PD-1单抗及GEMOX方案在晚期胆道恶性肿瘤治疗中的临床观察

目的探讨靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)在胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者中的临床效果和安全性。方法选择2015年1月到2024年1月在我院中西医结合肿瘤科及肝胆外科接受靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案的复发转移的晚期胆道恶性肿瘤患者24例,主要观察终点设置为总体生存期(overall survival,OS)和无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS),次要观察终点设置为客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、安全性。借助肿瘤标记物(CEA、CA125、CA199)变化、不良反应、生活质量评分,影像学改变等各项数据综合评估靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移的安全性和整体临床效果。结果部分缓解(PR)8例,稳定(SD)8例,进展(PD)8例,ORR 33.3%(8/24),DCR 66.7%(16/24),中位OS 13个月,中位PFS 8个月。治疗后CA199水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。主要不良反应为皮疹(14/24,58.3%)、白细胞下降(22/24,91.6%)、贫血(20/24,83.3%),其中有1例因严重不良事件退出治疗,1例患者在治疗期间死于胆道梗阻合并感染。结论采用靶免(仑伐替尼+信迪利单抗)联合GEMOX(吉西他滨+奥沙利铂)方案治疗晚期胆道恶性肿瘤复发转移患者具有较高的安全性和有效性,可以在临床使用。

不同化疗方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者疗效及血清sEC、IGF、CEA水平的影响

目的研究不同化疗方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者的疗效及血清可溶性E2钙粘连蛋白(sEC)、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平的影响。方法选择2020年3月至2023年6月收治的进展期胃癌患者150例,按照随机数字表法分成2组,其中对照组75例采用奥沙利铂和卡培他滨方案化疗联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗,观察组75例采用多西他赛、奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨方案化疗(DOX方案)联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗。观察比较2组围术期指标及化疗前后血清sEC、IGF、CEA水平和2组近期疗效、术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组术后肛门排气时间、术后第一次进食流质饮食时间和术后住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。化疗后,sEC、IGF、CEA水平均下降,且观察组下降更显著(P<0.05,P<001)。观察组近期疗效显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<001)。结论DOX方案联合腹腔镜远端胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌效果较好,术后并发症发生率低,可以作为进展期胃癌患者的治疗备选方案。

结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的关系

目的探讨结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12(S100A12)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的相关性。方法选择2020年12月至2021年12月黄河水利委员会黄河中心医院收治的116例中、晚期结肠癌病人作为结肠癌组,另选取在该院同期健康体检人员120例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血清S100A12、sRAGE水平,检测病人肠道菌群,并对病人化疗后进行随访,Pearson法分析结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与菌群失调相关性,受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平对结肠癌化疗效果的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,结肠癌组病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与化疗前菌群正常组[(265.34±45.78)μg/L、(381.54±36.75)ng/L]比较,菌群失调Ⅰ度组[(301.52±56.95)μg/L、(440.63±48.71)ng/L]、菌群失调Ⅱ度组[(339.29±52.35)μg/L、(432.75±49.20)ng/L]病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05);与菌群失调Ⅰ度组比较,菌群失调Ⅱ度组病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌数量呈正相关(P<0.05),与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量呈负相关(P<0.05)。与化疗前比较,结肠癌病人化疗后血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著降低(P<0.05);与化疗缓解组[(272.33±55.36)μg/L、(403.24±40.54)ng/L]比较,化疗无效组[(330.09±42.64)μg/L、(482.85±43.61)ng/L]病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著较高(P<0.05)。血清S100A12、sRAGE联合诊断结肠癌化疗无效的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.91[95%CI:(0.84,0.96),P<0.001],灵敏度为86.05%,特异度为80.82%。结论结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE升高,与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果有关,对化疗疗效评估与预后评价有一定指导意义。

PD⁃1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果观察

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂(卡瑞利珠单抗)免疫治疗联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年2月—2021年6月定州市人民医院收治的复发转移性宫颈癌64例,依据随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各32例。对照组给予紫杉醇联合顺铂全身化疗方案,研究组给予全身化疗方案+PD-1卡瑞利珠单抗免疫治疗。比较2组临床疗效,分析治疗前及治疗3个周期后鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞(LMR)及血小板/淋巴细胞(PLR)指标水平及Kamofsky评分变化,并观察治疗期间毒性作用发生情况及随访期间患者总生存期。结果研究组总有效率、疾病控制率分别为93.75%(30/32)、96.88%(31/32),高于对照组的68.75%(22/32)、75.00%(24/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个周期后,2组血清SCC、PLR水平较治疗前降低,LMR较治疗前升高,且研究组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Kamofsky评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组1、2年生存率及总生存期高于或长于对照组(P<0.05)。2组毒性作用多数为1~2级。研究组血小板下降和转氨酶升高比例分别为37.50%(12/32)和28.12%(9/32),高于对照组的18.75%(6/32)和9.38%(3/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组贫血、白细胞下降、恶心、腹泻、乏力等毒性作用发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中发生反应性毛细血管增生症、甲状腺功能减退、皮疹、带状疱疹、过敏等经对症处理后症状消失。结论PD-1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌提高了临床效果、生存质量及生存率,延长生存期,改善了机体的炎症免疫反应状态,毒性作用较少,患者耐受性好。

多参数磁共振成像评估局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效的研究进展

新辅助放化疗是目前局部进展期直肠癌标准治疗模式的一部分,可以使一定比例的患者达到肿瘤完全缓解,进而提高手术切除率和保肛率,延长患者无病生存期。MRI是评估直肠癌新辅助放化疗疗效的首选影像学检查。随着功能MRI技术的发展,不同成像原理衍生的定量参数可以提供更多的肿瘤生物学信息,提高MRI的临床应用价值。常规MRI序列与功能成像序列相结合的多参数MRI技术可以更加全面地评估新辅助治疗疗效,有助于临床实践中为患者制订个体化的治疗方案,实现精准医疗。

多模态MRI联合血清miR-125b对乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的预测价值

目的:探讨乳腺癌治疗前多模态MRI联合血清miR-125b水平预测新辅助化疗疗效的价值。方法:研究对象为于我院首次接受全程新辅助化疗并行手术切除治疗的90例女性乳腺癌患者。治疗前对患者进行乳腺MRI检查,记录病灶直径、边缘、形状、平扫T_(2)WI图像上病灶内是否高信号和时间信号强度曲线(TIC)类型、表观扩散系数(ADC)、单纯扩散系数(D)、伪扩散系数(D*)及灌注分数(f)。依据Miller-Payne分级标准对病理学反应进行评估,分为病理反应不佳(NR)组和病理反应良好(R)组。结果:乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后R组52例(57.78%),NR组38例(42.22%),两组的年龄、临床分期、病理类型、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。R组中Ki-67>14%的比例显著高于NR组(P<0.05)。R组与NR组的肿瘤直径、边缘、形状、T_(2)WI信号、D值和D*值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。R组的TIC类型为Ⅲ型的比例显著高于NR组,ADC值显著低于NR组,f值显著高于NR组(P<0.05)。R组的血清miR-125b相对表达量显著低于NR组(t=-11.007,P<0.001)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,较高的ADC值、血清miR-125b水平和较低的f值是乳腺癌新辅助化疗后疗效为NR的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ADC值、f值、血清miR-125b水平及三者联合预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的AUC分别为0.863(95%CI:0.799~0.927,P<0.001)、0.819(95%CI:0.744~0.893,P<0.001)、0.832(95%CI:0.755~0.908,P<0.001)和0.958(95%CI:0.929~0.988,P<0.001)。结论:治疗前多模态MRI联合血清miR-125b水平对乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗疗效具有一定的预测价值。

艾迪注射液联合常规化疗对肺癌脑转移患者的临床疗效

目的观察艾迪注射液联合化疗对肺癌脑转移患者认知障碍的缓解情况。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月在浙江省丽水市人民医院就诊的80例肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料,按照不同治疗方法分为常规化疗组和艾迪组,常规化疗组患者采用顺铂联合多西他赛的化疗方案,艾迪组在常规化疗组基础上予以艾迪注射液。观察2组患者的近期疗效、认知功能以及毒副作用,评价联合艾迪注射液治疗的有效性和安全性。结果常规化疗组患者近期有效率50%,艾迪组患者近期有效率73%,2组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.266,P=0.039)。治疗开始前,常规化疗组和艾迪组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分和简易智能量表(MMSE)评分差异无统计学意义。治疗后2周,与常规化疗组比较,艾迪组患者的MoCA评分和MMSE评分均增加,差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.462、-2.507,P=0.001、0.047);治疗后2周艾迪组患者的Karnofsky评分和生活质量量表(QOL)评分升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.634、-4.050,P<0.01)。与常规化疗组比较,艾迪组患者骨髓抑制和眩晕情况减轻,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.126、4.050,P=0.042、0.044),恶心呕吐等胃肠道反应和脱发情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。80例患者均因本病死亡。常规化疗组患者平均生存期为(15±3)个月,艾迪组患者的中位生存期为(18±4)个月,2组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.752,P<0.01)。结论艾迪注射液联合常规化疗方案治疗肺癌脑转移患者可提升近期疗效,缓解认知障碍,减轻化疗的毒副作用,但对于患者的生存期无明显影响。

经口微创手术治疗诱导化疗后下咽癌疗效分析

目的对局部晚期下咽癌经诱导化疗降期后行微创及开放手术患者预后及喉功能保留情况分析。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2021年12月北京同仁医院接受诱导化疗并疗效评估为大部分缓解(partial response,PR),即肿瘤靶病灶最大径之和减少≥70%后,行保留喉功能手术的54例下咽癌患者临床资料,对接受经口微创手术和颈外入路开放手术的患者术后喉功能恢复情况、生存率等进行对比分析。结果54例患者中接受经口微创手术28例,接受颈外入路部分下咽和(或)部分喉切除手术26例,两组患者术后3年生存率分别为63%和59%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.288,P>0.05),微创手术组术后呼吸功能(χ^(2)=14.676,P<0.05)、吞咽功能(χ^(2)=10.956,P<0.05)及发声功能(χ^(2)=13.290,P<0.05)的恢复优于开放手术组,差异均有统计学意义。结论经口微创治疗在诱导化疗后降期的下咽癌患者治疗中能够获得与开放手术近似的生存率,且经口微创手术后喉功能恢复更好。