In vitro anti-hyaluronidase activity of Sri Lankan low grown orthodox orange pekoe grade black tea(Camellia sinensis L.)

Objective:To access the anti-hyaluronidase activity of Sri Lankan low grown orthodox orange pekoe(OP) grade black tea with a view to develop an anti-aging skin formulation.Methods:Five concentrations(0.125,0.250,0.500,1.000 and 2.000 mg/mL) of black tea brew(BTB) were made using a freeze dried sample of Sri Lankan low grown orthodox OP grade black tea which was prepared according to international organization for standardization specification.Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) was used as the reference agent(concentrations tested:0.012,0.025,0.050,0.100 and 0.200 mg/mL).Anti-hyaluronidase activity of BTB and EGCG in vitro were ascertained spectrometrically using hyaluronic acid(from rooster comb)and bovine testicular hyaluronidase.Results:The results revealed that BTB had moderate[IC_(50)=(1.09±0.12) mg/mL]and dose dependent(r^2=0.94) anti-hyaluronidase activity.EGCG also exhibited dose dependent(r^2=0.93,P<0.05) anti-hyaluronidase activity which was superior[IC_(50)=(0.09±0.00) mg/mL]to BTB.Conclusions:Sri Lankan low grown orthodox OP gradc black tca has promising antihyaluronidase activity in vitro and has the potential to be used as an anti-aging cosmaceutical.In addition,it may prove useful as a beverage in the management of allergy,some joint diseases and cnvenomation.

Health Care Seeking Behaviour and Predictors of Combined Orthodox and Traditional Health Care Utilization among Households in Communities in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Background: Health care seeking behaviour is a complex, dynamic and multidimensional process that involves a sequence of remedial actions that are influenced by the interaction between the individual, household and community with the intention of addressing perceived ill health. Objective: To determine health care seeking attitude and behaviour and the predictors of combined orthodox and traditional health care use among households in communities in Owerri, Imo State. Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional design that used a multistage random sampling technique to select 500 participants from households in two communities in Owerri, Imo State. Data was collected using a pretested, semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationships and binary logistic regression was used to determine predictors of combined use. P was set at 0.05 significance level. Results: The results revealed that, while just more than half of the respondents (56.4%) had a moderate to good level of overall knowledge of health care, almost all of the respondents (96.2%) also had a moderate to good level of overall positive attitude towards seeking health care;with less than one third (29.4%) using combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments. It further revealed that, respondents who were female, traders and from households of polygamous families were significantly more likely to use combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments (p < 0.05) while those with a tertiary level of education, from households with a professional as head, having private water closet toilets and earning a monthly income of more than 50,000 Naira ($140) were significantly less likely to use combined orthodox and traditional health care treatments (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need to be more sensitive to the realities of the combined use of orthodox and traditional treatments, as its use will be difficult to prevent because this behaviour is rooted in the traditional and cultural belief system of our societies.

Congruences on an Orthodox Semigroup

Let 5 be an orthodox semigroup and γ the least inverse congruence on 5. C(S) denotes the set of all congruences on S. In this paper we introduce the concept of admissible triples for S, where admissible triples are constructed by the congruences on S/γ , the equivalences on E(S)/L and E(S)/R. The notation Ca(S) denotes the set of all admissible triple for S. We prove that every congruence ρ on S can be uniquely determined by the admissible triple induced by ρ, and there exists a lattice isomomorphism between C(S) and Ca(S).

Brief Reflection on Modern Orthodox Christian Teaching About Social and Economic Issues

In 2000 Russian Orthodox Church adopted“The Basis of Social Concept of Russian Orthodox Church”.Until now the mentioned document remains the only social doctrine officially accepted by any Orthodox Church.The article tries to understand the reasons behind the elaboration of the mentioned doctrine and analyzes its content.The document fails to grasp fully the ongoing processes in the secular society and in the wider world.The present acute social problems,e.g.,unemployment,corruption,public finance embezzlement,are either slightly touched upon or avoided.The approaches towards socio-economic issues are general and broad lacking the necessary insights.The meanings of economic activities are archaic.The doctrine does not negate entrepreneurship and wealth but is critical to the purpose and forms of the economic activity.It is quite odd that there is no analysis of secularity which has seriously undermined the position of the church.The doctrine demonstrates the softer approach towards the wealth-creation criticizes the idle poverty and highlights the position of the church as an opponent of income inequality.Conclusion is that despite the shortcomings,“The Basis of Social Concept of Russian Orthodox Church”is a strategic document,an attempt of the Russian Orthodox Church to define its earthly place within the dynamic modern society.The social doctrine is not finished product but rather a process of thought and lays foundation for the further construction of the social doctrine.

Contradiction between Conservation Laws and Orthodox Quantum Mechanics

In this paper, it showed that the orthodox version of quantum mechanics contradicts the idea that conservation laws are valid in individual processes of measurement.

On U-orthodox semigroups

As a generalization of an orthodox semigroup in the class of regular semigroups, a type W semigroup was first investigated by El-Qallali and Fountain. As an analogy of the type W semi-groups in the class of abundant semigroups, we introduce the U-orthodox semigroups. It is shown that the maximum congruence μ contained in HU on U-orthodox semigroups can be determined. As a consequence, we show that a U-orthodox semigroup S can be expressed by the spined product of a Hall semigroup WU and a V-ample semigroup (T,V ). This theorem not only generalizes a known result of Hall-Yamada for orthodox semigroups but also generalizes another known result of El-Qallali and Fountain for type W semigroups.

朱熹论曾子——兼论朱熹的子学建构

曾子历史地位的升格,朱熹于此贡献最大。他系统论证了曾子的道统地位,认为在“十六字心法”之外,独属于孔、曾之间的道统之传为“忠恕一贯”,并有着实质性影响。在他的视域中,曾子资质“鲁钝”“刚毅”,实则仁义礼智兼备,其孝亦“大矣”。朱熹对曾子的讨论,主要是为了完整地确立曾子的圣贤人格形象和道统地位。综合来看,朱熹理学中理应存在一个子学系统,但基本为学界忽略。其子学体系的建构源于经学、子学、史学与哲学的互动,根本主旨在于对儒学道统、治统与学统的维护。

吟咏情性的宗旨与变风变雅的传统

《毛诗·大序》在其整体抒情理论的基础上提出“吟咏情性”之说,用来解释变风变雅。《诗经》的艺术成就主要体现在变风、变雅之上。虽然历代王朝雅颂继承《诗经》的雅颂传统,诗人们也提倡正风正雅,但是中国古代文人诗史的主流为变风变雅。汉魏晋文人诗是在王道变衰、风衰俗怨的现实背景中发生的,所以虽然汉魏诗以言志为本,但其创作的性质实为变风变雅。东晋至南朝,吟咏情性之说流行,但发展至齐梁的绮靡之风,实是失去了吟咏情性的宗旨。唐代诗学回归《毛诗·大序》的纲领,以别裁风雅正变为基本的诗学思想,唐诗创作的主体在于变风。情性说在宋代与义理相融,上升为一种诗歌本体之论,宋诗的主体,具有变雅的性质。整个中国诗史,王朝政治与诗学正变,有一种循环出现的规律性表现,即王朝初期以雅颂、雅正为主,但此期一代诗风并未形成;其一代诗风的形成,多是在王朝中后期变风、变雅的时期。

The construction of orthodox super rpp semigroups

We define orthodox super rpp semigroups and study their semilattice decompositions. Standard representation theorem of orthodox super rpp semigroups whose subband of idempotents is in the varieties of bands described by an identity with at most three variables are obtained.

Free orthodox semigroups and free bands with inverse transversals

It is well known that the subclass of inverse semigroups and the subclass of completely regular semigroups of the class of regular semigroups form the so called e-varieties of semigroups. However, the class of regular semigroups with inverse transversals does not belong to this variety. We now call this class of semigroups the ist-variety of semigroups, and denote it by IST . In this paper, we consider the class of orthodox semigroups with inverse transversals, which is a special ist-variety and is denoted by OIST . Some previous results given by Tang and Wang on this topic are extended. In particular, the structure of free bands with inverse transversals is investigated. Results of McAlister, McFadden, Blyth and Saito on semigroups with inverse transversals are hence generalized and enriched.

Management of Anxiety and Sleep Disorders:Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Challenges of Integration with Conventional Orthodox Care

There is renewed attention and greater focus on anxiety and sleep- related disturbances because of the high prevalence, complexity, and their health implications. The role of complementary and alternative medicine （CAM）, which refers to therapeutic approaches that are ＂complementary to the end goals of decreasing illness and enhancing wellness, but are alternative to conventional medical treatment＂ is also increasingly recognized. In this review, we considered CAM approach to the management of anxiety and sleep disorders and discussed a few challenges associated with the effective integration of alternative therapy with conventional orthodox medical care

明代理学的正学

尽管王阳明心学在明代成为儒学的重要流派,但他著意编撰《朱子晚年定论》,足以显示朱熹在其思想中占有“他者”的重要位置。这一“他者”的存在,同样对刘宗周、黄宗羲产生了深远影响。黄宗羲在《明儒学案》中标举刘宗周的思想,通过方孝孺来确立明代理学的正学形象。方孝孺坚守朱子学的立场,传承朱子学的思想,更以生命践行理学,其学术精神被刘宗周和黄宗羲认为与朱子相伯仲,是明代理学之正学。作为思想巨子,刘宗周和黄宗羲对方孝孺的推崇,足以提醒现代学者意识到朱子学对于明代理学的价值和意义。

道统意识下孟子“德位”观之再阐释

孔子之“有德无位”的事实极大冲击了西周以来“以德承命”的信念,儒家学者不得不重新理解德位、德命、德福的关系,“德命”与“时命”的问题成为先秦儒家的一个重要议题。作为孔子之后儒家代表人物的孟子,对德行与权位关系的阐释不同于以《穷达以时》《荀子·宥坐》为代表的“时命”观。孟子从“圣人一道”的道统意识出发,在塑造与诠释圣人的过程中,聚焦于几种具有代表性与争议性的权力转移方式。孟子吸取西周以来“德福合一”“天命惟德”的思想资源,采用“天与之,人与之”的观念论证圣人的政治合法性。通过孟子的阐释,尧舜、禹、汤武、孔子都是在同样的机制下获得或不获得天子之位。这样一种机制并非如时遇一般难以捉摸,而是遵循着相对确定化的流程与评价原则,“德位一致”的必然关联被重新建构。

学术史思维与时代性意识——论中国“通俗史学”发展的源流、路径及意义

学界对中国“通俗史学”研究的重要分歧在于对史学“娱乐化”(作品)的理解与接受,辨证该问题需从中国“通俗史学”自身的发展史及其学术功用之实践入手。从中国“通俗史学”发展的渊源来看,其历程至迟于唐代已开始,这个历史过程可以20世纪初“新史学”的提出为界,分为两个大的阶段,不同阶段表现出明显的时代特征。从“通俗史学”普及历史知识、延伸正统史学社会功能的角度看,中国“通俗史学”的发展有两条路径,一条以通俗历史读物等简化正统史学的形式为主,一条以讲史等娱乐性活动的形式为主。历史地看,两条路径下的史学“通俗化”发展均促进和实现了历史意识及史学意识的深化,延伸了史学本身在教化、教育等方面的社会功能。因此,当下的“通俗史学”研究应以时代意识来重新定位史学“娱乐性”作品。

The Response Difference of Mitochondria in Recalcitrant Antiaris toxicaria Axes and Orthodox Zea mays Embryos to Dehydration Injury

Long-term preservation of recalcitrant seeds is very difficult because the physiological basis on their desiccation sensitivity is poorly understood. Survival of Antiaris toxicaria axes rapidly decreased and that of immature maize embryos very slowly decreased with dehydration. To understand their different responses to dehydration, we examined the changes in mitochondria activity during dehydration. Although activities of cytochrome （Cyt） c oxidase and malate dehydrogenase of the A. toxicaria axis and maize embryo mitochondria decreased with dehydration, the parameters of maize embryo mitochondria were much higher than those of A. toxicaria, showing that the damage was more severe for the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria than for those of maize embryo. The state I and III respiration of the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria were higher than those of maize embryo, the former rapidly decreased, and the latter slowly decreased with dehydration. The proportion of Cyt c pathway to state III respiration for the A. toxicaria axis mitochondria was low and rapidly decreased with dehydration, and the proportion of alternative oxidase pathway was high and slightly increased with dehydration. In contrast, the proportion of Cyt c pathway for maize embryo mitochondria was high, and that of alternative oxidase pathway was low. Both pathways decreased slowly with dehydration.