The effects of lanthanum （Ⅲ） on the bone resorbing activity of rabbit mature osteoclasts （OCs） in the presence of osteoblasts （OBs） were studied in vitro by measuring the number and area of absorption pits. La...The effects of lanthanum （Ⅲ） on the bone resorbing activity of rabbit mature osteoclasts （OCs） in the presence of osteoblasts （OBs） were studied in vitro by measuring the number and area of absorption pits. La（ Ⅲ ） at concentrations ranging from 1.00 × 10^-5 to 1.00 × 10^-8 mol·L^-1 show no effect on mature OC number （P 〉 0.05）. In the OC-OB coculture systems without La（Ⅲ ）, osteoblasts alone did not influence the pit number and area whether the two kinds of cells were in contact or not （ P 〉 0.05）. Under the OC-OB not-in-contact condition, the effect of La（ Ⅲ ） on the bone-resorbing activity of OCs was similar to that of La（Ⅲ） in the absence of OBs （P 〉 0.05）. However, while OCs were in direct contact with OBs, the inhibitory effects of La（ Ⅲ ） on OCs＇ bone-resorbing activity decreased at the concentrations of 1.00 × 10^-5, 1.00×10^-6 and 1.00×10^-7mol·L^-1, and the promotion effects increased at 1.00×10^-8mol·L^-1 （P 〈0.05）. The results suggest that direct cell-cell contact between OC and OB be essential for OBs to play their role in regulating the response of OCs to La（ Ⅲ ）.展开更多
Objective:To investigate whether acupotomy could inhibit subchondral bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)rabbits by regulating the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Methods:KOA rabbits were prepared by im...Objective:To investigate whether acupotomy could inhibit subchondral bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)rabbits by regulating the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Methods:KOA rabbits were prepared by immobilization for 6 and 9 weeks by Videman method.Nine groups of rabbits(control,6 weeks and 9 weeks model,6 weeks and 9 weeks acupotomy,6 weeks and 9 weeks electroacupuncture,and 6 weeks and 9 weeks drug groups)received acupotomy,electroacupuncture and risedronate sodium intervention,respectively,for 3 weeks.Results:Acupotomy can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in subchondral bone by reducing the proteins expression of cathepsin K(CK)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)and decreasing the proteins expression of osteocalcin(OCN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),to intercept the abnormal bone resorption and bone formation of subchondral bone in 6-week and 9-week immobilization-induced KOA rabbits.Conclusion:These findings indicated that acupotomy may be more advantageous than risedronate sodium intervention in modulating subchondral bone remodeling in KOA rabbits,especially in 9-week immobilization-induced KOA rabbits.展开更多
The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes,and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenes...The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes,and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin（SOST） that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influencea A osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or ＂osteokines＂from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin（OCN） secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2（LCN2） is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain.We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.展开更多
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from a monocyte/macrophage lineage under the strict control o bone-forming osteoblasts. So far,macrophage colonystimulating factor(M-CSF),receptor activator o nuclear factor-κB l...Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from a monocyte/macrophage lineage under the strict control o bone-forming osteoblasts. So far,macrophage colonystimulating factor(M-CSF),receptor activator o nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL),and osteoprotegerin(OPG) produced by osteoblasts play major roles in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Recent studies have shown that osteoblasts regulate osteoclastogenesis through several mechanisms independent o M-CSF,RANKL,and OPG production. Identification o osteoclast-committed precursors in vivo demonstrated that osteoblasts are involved in the distribution o osteoclast precursors in bone. Interleukin 34(IL-34)a novel ligand for c-Fms,plays a pivotal role in maintaining the splenic reservoir of osteoclast-committed precursors in M-CSF deficient mice. IL-34 is also able to act as a substitute for osteoblast-producing M-CSF in osteoclastogenesis. Wnt5 a,produced by osteoblasts,enhances osteoclast differentiation by upregulating RANK expression through activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Semaphorin 3A produced by osteoblasts inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of immunoreceptortyrosine-based activation motif signals. Thus,recent findings show that osteoclast differentiation is tightly regulated by osteoblasts through several different mechanisms. These newly identified molecules are expected to be promising targets of therapeutic agents in bone-related diseases.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of different surgical methods on trauma response degree and osteoblast-osteoclast balance in patients with distal tibial fracture.Methods:58 cases of patients with distal tibial fracture ...Objective:To study the effect of different surgical methods on trauma response degree and osteoblast-osteoclast balance in patients with distal tibial fracture.Methods:58 cases of patients with distal tibial fracture who received open reduction and internal fixation in Orthopedics Department of our hospital from May 2013 to October 2015 were selected as research subjects and divided into delayed group (n = 29) and routine group (n = 29) according to different timing of surgery. Delayed group received open reduction and internal fixation 7–15 d after trauma and routine group received open reduction and internal fixation within 24 h after trauma. Levels of serum stress response indicators and osteoblast-osteoclast markers were compared between two groups.Results:On the day after operation, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, renin, angiotensin II, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels of delayed group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05);on the 7th day after operation, serum osteocalcin, procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide and bone alkaline phosphatase of delayed group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05) while cross-linked carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b levels were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Delayed open reduction and internal fixation treatment of distal tibial fracture can reduce the trauma caused by surgical procedures, increase osteoblast viability and inhibit osteoclast viability, which are conducive to fracture healing.展开更多
背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,...背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,柚皮苷是骨碎补中的主要有效成分之一,其抗骨质疏松的有效性及作用机制逐渐得到学者们认可,其临床与基础研究逐渐被大家重视。目的:分析总结柚皮苷在体内外发挥抗骨质疏松作用的研究进展,为下一步研究其相关的作用机制提供一些思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“柚皮苷,骨质疏松症,中药单体,发病机制,信号通路,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞”等;英文检索词为“Naringin,Osteoporosis,Chinese medicine monomer,pathogenesis,Signal path,Bmscs,Osteoblast,Osteoclast”等,并根据研究需要确立相应的标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)柚皮苷阻断了富含果糖饮食引起的破骨细胞和脂肪细胞数量的增加以及骨细胞和骨钙素(+)细胞数量的减少、并且通过促进成骨细胞和骨细胞分泌Sema3A,从而激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路局部增强成骨细胞骨形成,同时抑制破骨细胞生成。(2)柚皮苷通过诱导成骨细胞自噬是一种重要的形式,然而自噬相关蛋白参与成骨细胞分化和骨形成,当成骨细胞缺乏自噬会降低矿化能力,并导致成骨细胞和破骨细胞数量不平衡,从而导致骨量丢失,骨密度下降。(3)搭载柚皮苷的复合支架可为骨缺损修复提供必要的载体,并且柚皮苷还能增加局部骨形态发生蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的含量,从而加速新生骨组织的生长,具备优异的骨修复性能。(4)柚皮苷可调控ERK、PI3K/Akt和Wnt等相关信号通路来发挥调节骨代谢以及抑制氧化应激等作用,进而调控骨质疏松症,对该病起到良好的防治作用,但目前相关研究深度和广度不足,在未来应基于目前的机制研究,深入探究柚皮苷调控该病不同通路的具体机制及通路间相互作用,将有利于运用柚皮苷治疗骨质疏松症的多元发展。展开更多
基金Project supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (20031010 ,20271005)
文摘The effects of lanthanum （Ⅲ） on the bone resorbing activity of rabbit mature osteoclasts （OCs） in the presence of osteoblasts （OBs） were studied in vitro by measuring the number and area of absorption pits. La（ Ⅲ ） at concentrations ranging from 1.00 × 10^-5 to 1.00 × 10^-8 mol·L^-1 show no effect on mature OC number （P 〉 0.05）. In the OC-OB coculture systems without La（Ⅲ ）, osteoblasts alone did not influence the pit number and area whether the two kinds of cells were in contact or not （ P 〉 0.05）. Under the OC-OB not-in-contact condition, the effect of La（ Ⅲ ） on the bone-resorbing activity of OCs was similar to that of La（Ⅲ） in the absence of OBs （P 〉 0.05）. However, while OCs were in direct contact with OBs, the inhibitory effects of La（ Ⅲ ） on OCs＇ bone-resorbing activity decreased at the concentrations of 1.00 × 10^-5, 1.00×10^-6 and 1.00×10^-7mol·L^-1, and the promotion effects increased at 1.00×10^-8mol·L^-1 （P 〈0.05）. The results suggest that direct cell-cell contact between OC and OB be essential for OBs to play their role in regulating the response of OCs to La（ Ⅲ ）.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7192110)。
文摘Objective:To investigate whether acupotomy could inhibit subchondral bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)rabbits by regulating the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Methods:KOA rabbits were prepared by immobilization for 6 and 9 weeks by Videman method.Nine groups of rabbits(control,6 weeks and 9 weeks model,6 weeks and 9 weeks acupotomy,6 weeks and 9 weeks electroacupuncture,and 6 weeks and 9 weeks drug groups)received acupotomy,electroacupuncture and risedronate sodium intervention,respectively,for 3 weeks.Results:Acupotomy can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in subchondral bone by reducing the proteins expression of cathepsin K(CK)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)and decreasing the proteins expression of osteocalcin(OCN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),to intercept the abnormal bone resorption and bone formation of subchondral bone in 6-week and 9-week immobilization-induced KOA rabbits.Conclusion:These findings indicated that acupotomy may be more advantageous than risedronate sodium intervention in modulating subchondral bone remodeling in KOA rabbits,especially in 9-week immobilization-induced KOA rabbits.
基金supported in part by grants from 973 Program from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) (2014CB964704 and 2015CB964503)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB19000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (31371463, 81672119, and 81725010)
文摘The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes,and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin（SOST） that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influencea A osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or ＂osteokines＂from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin（OCN） secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2（LCN2） is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain.We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.
文摘Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are formed from a monocyte/macrophage lineage under the strict control o bone-forming osteoblasts. So far,macrophage colonystimulating factor(M-CSF),receptor activator o nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL),and osteoprotegerin(OPG) produced by osteoblasts play major roles in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Recent studies have shown that osteoblasts regulate osteoclastogenesis through several mechanisms independent o M-CSF,RANKL,and OPG production. Identification o osteoclast-committed precursors in vivo demonstrated that osteoblasts are involved in the distribution o osteoclast precursors in bone. Interleukin 34(IL-34)a novel ligand for c-Fms,plays a pivotal role in maintaining the splenic reservoir of osteoclast-committed precursors in M-CSF deficient mice. IL-34 is also able to act as a substitute for osteoblast-producing M-CSF in osteoclastogenesis. Wnt5 a,produced by osteoblasts,enhances osteoclast differentiation by upregulating RANK expression through activation of the noncanonical Wnt pathway. Semaphorin 3A produced by osteoblasts inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of immunoreceptortyrosine-based activation motif signals. Thus,recent findings show that osteoclast differentiation is tightly regulated by osteoblasts through several different mechanisms. These newly identified molecules are expected to be promising targets of therapeutic agents in bone-related diseases.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of different surgical methods on trauma response degree and osteoblast-osteoclast balance in patients with distal tibial fracture.Methods:58 cases of patients with distal tibial fracture who received open reduction and internal fixation in Orthopedics Department of our hospital from May 2013 to October 2015 were selected as research subjects and divided into delayed group (n = 29) and routine group (n = 29) according to different timing of surgery. Delayed group received open reduction and internal fixation 7–15 d after trauma and routine group received open reduction and internal fixation within 24 h after trauma. Levels of serum stress response indicators and osteoblast-osteoclast markers were compared between two groups.Results:On the day after operation, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, renin, angiotensin II, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels of delayed group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05);on the 7th day after operation, serum osteocalcin, procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide and bone alkaline phosphatase of delayed group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05) while cross-linked carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b levels were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Delayed open reduction and internal fixation treatment of distal tibial fracture can reduce the trauma caused by surgical procedures, increase osteoblast viability and inhibit osteoclast viability, which are conducive to fracture healing.
文摘背景:近年研究表明,柚皮苷抗骨质疏松的研究大多停留在体内外实验当中,了解相关信号通路的作用机制以及相关蛋白与某些特定基因的表达是深入了解柚皮苷发挥抗骨质疏松症的重要途径。目前,中医药已被证实在抗骨质疏松方面具有显著作用,柚皮苷是骨碎补中的主要有效成分之一,其抗骨质疏松的有效性及作用机制逐渐得到学者们认可,其临床与基础研究逐渐被大家重视。目的:分析总结柚皮苷在体内外发挥抗骨质疏松作用的研究进展,为下一步研究其相关的作用机制提供一些思路。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,中文检索词为“柚皮苷,骨质疏松症,中药单体,发病机制,信号通路,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞”等;英文检索词为“Naringin,Osteoporosis,Chinese medicine monomer,pathogenesis,Signal path,Bmscs,Osteoblast,Osteoclast”等,并根据研究需要确立相应的标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)柚皮苷阻断了富含果糖饮食引起的破骨细胞和脂肪细胞数量的增加以及骨细胞和骨钙素(+)细胞数量的减少、并且通过促进成骨细胞和骨细胞分泌Sema3A,从而激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路局部增强成骨细胞骨形成,同时抑制破骨细胞生成。(2)柚皮苷通过诱导成骨细胞自噬是一种重要的形式,然而自噬相关蛋白参与成骨细胞分化和骨形成,当成骨细胞缺乏自噬会降低矿化能力,并导致成骨细胞和破骨细胞数量不平衡,从而导致骨量丢失,骨密度下降。(3)搭载柚皮苷的复合支架可为骨缺损修复提供必要的载体,并且柚皮苷还能增加局部骨形态发生蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的含量,从而加速新生骨组织的生长,具备优异的骨修复性能。(4)柚皮苷可调控ERK、PI3K/Akt和Wnt等相关信号通路来发挥调节骨代谢以及抑制氧化应激等作用,进而调控骨质疏松症,对该病起到良好的防治作用,但目前相关研究深度和广度不足,在未来应基于目前的机制研究,深入探究柚皮苷调控该病不同通路的具体机制及通路间相互作用,将有利于运用柚皮苷治疗骨质疏松症的多元发展。
