The multitrip pickup and delivery problem with time windows and manpower planning(MTPDPTW-MP)determines a set of ambulance routes and finds staff assignment for a hospital. It involves different stakeholders with dive...The multitrip pickup and delivery problem with time windows and manpower planning(MTPDPTW-MP)determines a set of ambulance routes and finds staff assignment for a hospital. It involves different stakeholders with diverse interests and objectives. This study firstly introduces a multiobjective MTPDPTW-MP(MO-MTPDPTWMP) with three objectives to better describe the real-world scenario. A multiobjective iterated local search algorithm with adaptive neighborhood selection(MOILS-ANS) is proposed to solve the problem. MOILS-ANS can generate a diverse set of alternative solutions for decision makers to meet their requirements. To better explore the search space, problem-specific neighborhood structures and an adaptive neighborhood selection strategy are carefully designed in MOILS-ANS. Experimental results show that the proposed MOILS-ANS significantly outperforms the other two multiobjective algorithms. Besides, the nature of objective functions and the properties of the problem are analyzed. Finally, the proposed MOILS-ANS is compared with the previous single-objective algorithm and the benefits of multiobjective optimization are discussed.展开更多
This paper examines the concept of knowledge economy, manpower, high-educated laborers with innovative capabilities, institutional problems and their relations. It argues that manpower is the key element for the growt...This paper examines the concept of knowledge economy, manpower, high-educated laborers with innovative capabilities, institutional problems and their relations. It argues that manpower is the key element for the growth of knowledge economy in general, and people with innovative capabilities are the centre of manpower in particular. In Shanghai, although great progress has been made concerning with the reforms and development of high-tech industry, institutional problems are still the main obstacles for further development of high educated labor market and then the growth of knowledge economy. The reasons have been: 1) a less effective mechanism with the remaining of state ownership system; 2) a still powerful bureaucratic system, or more precisely, bureaucratic practice referring to these. Suggestions for further reforms and policy reformulation have been examined and discussed in the end.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, ...INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, quality and effectiveness of health service, thus greatly impacting on health service to the citizens.展开更多
This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a r...This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a recurrent process and admit recruitment when the cumulative loss of man hours crosses a threshold level Y, which is also called the breakdown level. It is assumed that the inter-exit times Tk = tk-1 - tk, k = 1, 2,… are independent and identically distributed random variables with a common cumulative distribution function (CDF) B(t) = P(Tk t) which has a tail 1 – B(t) behaving like t-v with 1 v as t → ∞. The amounts {Xk} of wastages incurred during these inter-exit times {Tk} are independent and identically distributed random variables with CDF P(Xk X) = G(x) and Y is distributed, independently of {Xk} and {tk}, as an exponentiated exponential law with CDF H(y) = P(Y y) = (1 - e-λy)n. The mean waiting time to break down of the system has been obtained assuming B(t) to be heavy tailed and as well as light tailed. For the exponential case of G(x), a comparative study has also been made between heavy tailed mean waiting time to break down and light tailed mean waiting time to break down values. The recruitment policy operating under the heavy tailed case is shown to be more economical in all types of manpower systems.展开更多
Manpower training and development are crucial to productivity in every industry including the media industry. The role of educational institutions in the production of skilled manpower cannot be over-emphasized. But b...Manpower training and development are crucial to productivity in every industry including the media industry. The role of educational institutions in the production of skilled manpower cannot be over-emphasized. But because there exists a gap in the industry between skill requirements and the product offered by the institutions, productivity would be sacrificed. The field of journalism in Nigeria is experiencing a skill gap between what the institutions offer and what is needed in the industry. This paper examines the causes of skill gap in journalism training and the operation requirements on the field in the media industry. The paper observes that culturally relevant curriculum is not designed and implemented in Nigerian journalism schools. Also the training does not catch up with the technological requirements of the 21st century. While still battling with the fundamental challenges of training in the areas of curriculum development, another one arises： the introduction of digitization to the industry. Indeed, the issue of skill gap will always be there as long as there will be innovations, except that concerted efforts are made b＇y all stakeholders to catch up with the ever dynamic trends in the advanced world. The paper therefore concludes that there will always be skill gap as long as these challenges remain.展开更多
The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has widespread implications for clinical practice of otolaryngologists in clinics and hospitals. With various reports of otolaryngology practitioners catching infection, a prof...The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has widespread implications for clinical practice of otolaryngologists in clinics and hospitals. With various reports of otolaryngology practitioners catching infection, a profound structural reorganization of ENT services in the clinic is mandatory for protecting both patients and healthcare workers. The present study focused on quantifying the cost involved in reorganizing the otolaryngology out-patient services in a third world country during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Though the pandemic has increased the cost of running of an otolaryngology practice world over, the impact is huge in India as penetration of health insurance/social security is minimal. As out of pocket expenditure forms a significant proportion of healthcare spending by majority in India, any transfer of additional cost incurred because of Covid-19 pandemic to the patient will burn a bigger hole in their pocket.展开更多
The debut, progression and maintenance of skin disease are related to stress(acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis, urticaria, vitiligo, herpes, hyperhidrosis, pemphigus, rosacea or seborr...The debut, progression and maintenance of skin disease are related to stress(acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis, urticaria, vitiligo, herpes, hyperhidrosis, pemphigus, rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis). Environmental, socio-professional, life events are representing external factors. Personality, previous experiences, traits of anxiety are individual factors influencing the state of stress. Perceived stress could be more harmful especially in "high reactors" to stress. Coping abilities to stress could be increased in social programs. There was a recent interest in measuring the quality of life in the last years. There are dermatology and disease specific questionnaires that could help. Out-patients have less time to wait for very sophisticated procedures. They expect faster results. For simple, acute diseases it is important to have a good communication and good understanding of the instructions to get results as soon as possible. For chronic diseases a strong long-term alliance is needed, so the patients should revisit for his benefit and not for giving up. Small questions regarding potential stressful events, impact on the quality of life, stigmatization, the level of symptoms(pruritus), psychiatric comorbidities(anxiety, depression), short questionnaires for quality of life give us a better picture, personalize the doctorpatient relationship and could influence the choice of treatment. Many skin disorders could be seen from a psychosomatic point of view and the final goal, especially for the chronic diseases, is to improve through our treatments the impact on the quality of patient's life.展开更多
In the era of knowledge-driven economy, the manpower capital is the most active factor of production and core of social economic development. This text proceeds with the concept of capital manpower, and probes into th...In the era of knowledge-driven economy, the manpower capital is the most active factor of production and core of social economic development. This text proceeds with the concept of capital manpower, and probes into the importance of manpowe r capital investment to the survival and development of enterprises. In order to maximize the income of manpower capital investment, enterprises need to set up corresponding incentive mechanism to inspire the enthusiasm of manpower capital, and it is also the key factors that promoting the development modern economic a nd the enterprises’ success.展开更多
目的:分析比较不同疾病诊断相关分组权重(Related Weight,RW)下的护理工作量差异,旨在帮助护士长积极应对患者快速周转并有效处理不同病区工作量,以便为护理管理者合理配置护理人力资源和科学考核护士绩效提供参考。方法:开展为期1周的...目的:分析比较不同疾病诊断相关分组权重(Related Weight,RW)下的护理工作量差异,旨在帮助护士长积极应对患者快速周转并有效处理不同病区工作量,以便为护理管理者合理配置护理人力资源和科学考核护士绩效提供参考。方法:开展为期1周的代表性住院病区护理工作量的观察性研究。测算纳入研究的住院患者护理总时间,并采用秩和检验分析疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)模式下不同RW分段(RW≤1、1<RW<2、RW≥2)护理工作量的差异。结果:观察期间224例住院患者护理总时间为6.80(3.82,18.05)h,随RW分段增高,住院患者护理总时间递增,不同RW分段间住院患者护理总时间差异有统计学意义(H=47.524,P<0.001)。结论:RW分段与护理工作量存在一定的关联性,护理管理者应综合考虑床护比配置要求和病区住院患者RW分段比例,配备适当数量的病区护士,以帮助护士长积极应对患者周转快、病种复杂、护理工作难度与任务机械化之间的不平衡等挑战。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018AAA0101203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673403,71601191)the JSPS KAKENHI(JP17K12751)。
文摘The multitrip pickup and delivery problem with time windows and manpower planning(MTPDPTW-MP)determines a set of ambulance routes and finds staff assignment for a hospital. It involves different stakeholders with diverse interests and objectives. This study firstly introduces a multiobjective MTPDPTW-MP(MO-MTPDPTWMP) with three objectives to better describe the real-world scenario. A multiobjective iterated local search algorithm with adaptive neighborhood selection(MOILS-ANS) is proposed to solve the problem. MOILS-ANS can generate a diverse set of alternative solutions for decision makers to meet their requirements. To better explore the search space, problem-specific neighborhood structures and an adaptive neighborhood selection strategy are carefully designed in MOILS-ANS. Experimental results show that the proposed MOILS-ANS significantly outperforms the other two multiobjective algorithms. Besides, the nature of objective functions and the properties of the problem are analyzed. Finally, the proposed MOILS-ANS is compared with the previous single-objective algorithm and the benefits of multiobjective optimization are discussed.
基金Soft science project of Status quo of technical development centre constructed with overseas investment and countermeasures supp
文摘This paper examines the concept of knowledge economy, manpower, high-educated laborers with innovative capabilities, institutional problems and their relations. It argues that manpower is the key element for the growth of knowledge economy in general, and people with innovative capabilities are the centre of manpower in particular. In Shanghai, although great progress has been made concerning with the reforms and development of high-tech industry, institutional problems are still the main obstacles for further development of high educated labor market and then the growth of knowledge economy. The reasons have been: 1) a less effective mechanism with the remaining of state ownership system; 2) a still powerful bureaucratic system, or more precisely, bureaucratic practice referring to these. Suggestions for further reforms and policy reformulation have been examined and discussed in the end.
基金funded by the Philosophy and Social SciencesProgram of Nanjing Medical University(NO.2013NJZS04)
文摘INTRODUCTION The global health issue is not a shortage of capital or technology, but a shortage of health manpower. Health human resource （HHR）, an important component of health resources, determines the quantity, quality and effectiveness of health service, thus greatly impacting on health service to the citizens.
文摘This paper considers a Manpower system where “exits” of employed personnel produce some wastage or loss. This system monitors these wastages over the sequence of exit epochs {t0 = 0 and tk;k = 1, 2,…} that form a recurrent process and admit recruitment when the cumulative loss of man hours crosses a threshold level Y, which is also called the breakdown level. It is assumed that the inter-exit times Tk = tk-1 - tk, k = 1, 2,… are independent and identically distributed random variables with a common cumulative distribution function (CDF) B(t) = P(Tk t) which has a tail 1 – B(t) behaving like t-v with 1 v as t → ∞. The amounts {Xk} of wastages incurred during these inter-exit times {Tk} are independent and identically distributed random variables with CDF P(Xk X) = G(x) and Y is distributed, independently of {Xk} and {tk}, as an exponentiated exponential law with CDF H(y) = P(Y y) = (1 - e-λy)n. The mean waiting time to break down of the system has been obtained assuming B(t) to be heavy tailed and as well as light tailed. For the exponential case of G(x), a comparative study has also been made between heavy tailed mean waiting time to break down and light tailed mean waiting time to break down values. The recruitment policy operating under the heavy tailed case is shown to be more economical in all types of manpower systems.
文摘Manpower training and development are crucial to productivity in every industry including the media industry. The role of educational institutions in the production of skilled manpower cannot be over-emphasized. But because there exists a gap in the industry between skill requirements and the product offered by the institutions, productivity would be sacrificed. The field of journalism in Nigeria is experiencing a skill gap between what the institutions offer and what is needed in the industry. This paper examines the causes of skill gap in journalism training and the operation requirements on the field in the media industry. The paper observes that culturally relevant curriculum is not designed and implemented in Nigerian journalism schools. Also the training does not catch up with the technological requirements of the 21st century. While still battling with the fundamental challenges of training in the areas of curriculum development, another one arises： the introduction of digitization to the industry. Indeed, the issue of skill gap will always be there as long as there will be innovations, except that concerted efforts are made b＇y all stakeholders to catch up with the ever dynamic trends in the advanced world. The paper therefore concludes that there will always be skill gap as long as these challenges remain.
文摘The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has widespread implications for clinical practice of otolaryngologists in clinics and hospitals. With various reports of otolaryngology practitioners catching infection, a profound structural reorganization of ENT services in the clinic is mandatory for protecting both patients and healthcare workers. The present study focused on quantifying the cost involved in reorganizing the otolaryngology out-patient services in a third world country during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Though the pandemic has increased the cost of running of an otolaryngology practice world over, the impact is huge in India as penetration of health insurance/social security is minimal. As out of pocket expenditure forms a significant proportion of healthcare spending by majority in India, any transfer of additional cost incurred because of Covid-19 pandemic to the patient will burn a bigger hole in their pocket.
文摘The debut, progression and maintenance of skin disease are related to stress(acne, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis, urticaria, vitiligo, herpes, hyperhidrosis, pemphigus, rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis). Environmental, socio-professional, life events are representing external factors. Personality, previous experiences, traits of anxiety are individual factors influencing the state of stress. Perceived stress could be more harmful especially in "high reactors" to stress. Coping abilities to stress could be increased in social programs. There was a recent interest in measuring the quality of life in the last years. There are dermatology and disease specific questionnaires that could help. Out-patients have less time to wait for very sophisticated procedures. They expect faster results. For simple, acute diseases it is important to have a good communication and good understanding of the instructions to get results as soon as possible. For chronic diseases a strong long-term alliance is needed, so the patients should revisit for his benefit and not for giving up. Small questions regarding potential stressful events, impact on the quality of life, stigmatization, the level of symptoms(pruritus), psychiatric comorbidities(anxiety, depression), short questionnaires for quality of life give us a better picture, personalize the doctorpatient relationship and could influence the choice of treatment. Many skin disorders could be seen from a psychosomatic point of view and the final goal, especially for the chronic diseases, is to improve through our treatments the impact on the quality of patient's life.
文摘In the era of knowledge-driven economy, the manpower capital is the most active factor of production and core of social economic development. This text proceeds with the concept of capital manpower, and probes into the importance of manpowe r capital investment to the survival and development of enterprises. In order to maximize the income of manpower capital investment, enterprises need to set up corresponding incentive mechanism to inspire the enthusiasm of manpower capital, and it is also the key factors that promoting the development modern economic a nd the enterprises’ success.
文摘目的:分析比较不同疾病诊断相关分组权重(Related Weight,RW)下的护理工作量差异,旨在帮助护士长积极应对患者快速周转并有效处理不同病区工作量,以便为护理管理者合理配置护理人力资源和科学考核护士绩效提供参考。方法:开展为期1周的代表性住院病区护理工作量的观察性研究。测算纳入研究的住院患者护理总时间,并采用秩和检验分析疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)模式下不同RW分段(RW≤1、1<RW<2、RW≥2)护理工作量的差异。结果:观察期间224例住院患者护理总时间为6.80(3.82,18.05)h,随RW分段增高,住院患者护理总时间递增,不同RW分段间住院患者护理总时间差异有统计学意义(H=47.524,P<0.001)。结论:RW分段与护理工作量存在一定的关联性,护理管理者应综合考虑床护比配置要求和病区住院患者RW分段比例,配备适当数量的病区护士,以帮助护士长积极应对患者周转快、病种复杂、护理工作难度与任务机械化之间的不平衡等挑战。
