Renovation of Outdoor Environment in Old Residential Communities Suitable for the Elderly against the Background of Population Aging

More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.

Evidence-based Landscape Design of University Campus:Relationship Between Characteristics of Outdoor Environments and Actual Uses of Students

Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.

Heart of Landscape and Contribution of Building Environment: Discussions about Landscape Construction of Outdoor Environment Water Circulation System

Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.

Promotion and Renewal of the Outdoor Environment of the Collective Housing That Promotes Health <br/>—Based on the Post-Epidemic Perspective

The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is also an important construction area for future urban renewal. In the process of the spread of the new crown epidemic, the collective housing has exposed a series of weaknesses such as difficult community management, inconvenience of life, and insufficient outdoor space. Therefore, the update and transformation of the outdoor environment of the collective housing combined with the concept of public health is a problem that must be considered at present. This article combines the practice of renewal and transformation of the X community in Chaoyang District, Beijing, combined with survey methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, combined with the needs of residents and the practical experience of the grassroots management unit, and carried out an overall renewal design of the external space environment of the collective housing. The epidemic is combined with the division of functional layout, refined design of outdoor activity space to ensure safe distance, and increased shared smart facilities to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of collective residences and strengthen community resilience;to achieve communication and sharing, epidemic prevention and control on the basis of ensuring safe social distance outdoor sports and other functions. In this way, the ability of collective housing to prevent, identify, and dispose of urban risks will be improved, and will provide residents with a better and livable community life.

Outdoor Environmental Landscape Design of the Apartment for the Elderly in Southern Cities of China

On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.

Outdoor Corrosion Performance Study of Selected Construction Materials in Bonny Island

Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.

Environmental Design of Urban Outdoor Public Spaces Based on Children's Activities

This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.

The Influence of Environmental Stimuli upon the Human Body in Summer

Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of ETFe (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environmental mitigation effect through visual stimuli in the form of natural ground surfaces such as green spaces.

基于关联规则的儿童户外活动空间偏好研究——以杭州三个社区公园为例

社区公园是儿童户外活动的重要承载空间。研究儿童在社区公园的行为偏好及空间需求对增加儿童户外活动机会、提升社区公园品质和促进环境公平具有重要意义。以杭州市3个社区公园为研究对象,采用行为注记法获取儿童活动空间分布特征,运用关联规则、核密度分析和多因素方差分析等方法,研究儿童户外活动与社区公园空间和环境要素之间的关系。研究发现,社区公园中儿童不同活动类型对空间的偏好度存在显著差异:自然活动对特定空间的偏好度最高,主要集中在有沙、水体和草坪的空间;功能活动和规则活动的空间偏好度次之,多发生在器械区、广场等设施丰富或面积较大的场地;休闲活动与大部分空间都具有关联性,分布较均衡。设施、基底类型和植被覆盖等环境要素与儿童活动空间选择的关联性较强。以此为基础,提出以儿童活动偏好为导向的社区公园规划设计建议。

寒冷地区某办公建筑过渡季节自然通风开窗行为研究

建筑使用者的开窗行为是建筑节能工作不可忽视的重点之一。根据我国过渡季节自然通风条件下被动式低能耗建筑的运行情况,实测济南某高校被动式低能耗办公建筑自然通风时室内外环境因素和窗户控制动作,分析影响窗户控制动作、开窗率的显著影响因素及影响机理,得出主要结论:1)在上下班时间,使用者开关窗动作明显,室内外环境因素的影响微乎其微,存在室外温度极低或极高情况下仍开窗的情况。2)室外气温、太阳辐射强度是影响开窗率的主要因素,42.5%的开窗率就能够保证室内二氧化碳浓度小于1000 ppm。3)测试期间使用者63.3%的开窗行为不能使被动式低能耗办公建筑获得室内舒适温度,建议根据优化开窗公式约束使用者开关窗行为,可将室温控制在21~29℃。

高层建筑室内外声环境评价研究

室内外声环境是高层建筑环境的重要组成部分,为了使高层建筑的环境质量得到保障,给人们创造良好的工作和学习环境,需要对室内外声环境进行严格控制。在社会经济飞速发展的背景下,噪声已经对人们的生活质量造成严重影响,所以,相关领域须加强对高层建筑室内外声环境的评价标准进行研究,确保高层建筑的室内外声环境能够控制在合理范围内。文章对高层建筑室内外声环境评价的意义进行阐述,并对室内外声环境的发展趋势进行分析,制定了高层建筑声环境的控制措施,为人们的日常生活和工作提供良好的环境保障。

基于KANO-IPA法的寒地高校室外体育场地环境满意度提升研究

高校室外体育场地作为与在校人员日常生活密切相关的运动场所,是高校校园重要的空间。因此,创造高质量的高校室外体育场地环境对提升整体校园空间品质具有重要意义。本文采用KANO-IPA法对寒地高校室外体育场地环境满意度进行研究,通过实地调研、问卷调查等方法综合考量了16个环境要素对环境满意度的影响,从而获得各环境要素在室外体育场地环境需求中的优先序列,进而根据分析结果提出了相应的环境满意度提升策略。

清漪园室外陈设尺度与园林空间关系研究——以大报恩延寿寺建筑群为例

本文首先整理了《嘉庆十二年清漪园各处陈设清册》,选取大报恩延寿寺建筑群,对其中室外陈设的尺寸信息与空间布置规律进行分析;其次,围绕"动、静态视线"与"空间流线"两方面分析影响室外陈设尺度与园林空间的关系;最后,将室外陈设尺度与环境心理策略联系起来,从环境与行为、视觉心理认知与情感分析中进一步巩固结论.以期指导清代遗产保护和修复,提高公众对中国传统优秀文化遗产的认知.

智能可穿戴设备定量分析近视相关环境因素的准确性和稳定性

目的评价智能可穿戴设备Eye-Monitor客观量化近视相关环境因素的准确性和稳定性。方法采用诊断试验研究设计,2021年12月于山东中医药大学招募42名受试者,年龄18~25岁。采用简单随机抽样方法从80台设备中抽取42台智能可穿戴设备,对近视相关环境危险因素进行静态和动态试验,其中静态试验包括用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角和光照强度测量,动态试验包括近距离工作时长、户外活动时长和看电子设备时长测量。选取总相对误差绝对值之和最大的设备,采用Spearman秩相关分析评价设定值与Eye-Monitor测量值的相关性;采用Bland-Altman一致性分析评价其客观监测值的准确性。通过变异系数评价各个设备客观监测值的稳定性。结果用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角、室内光照强度、近距离工作总时长、平均持续近距离用眼时长、户外活动时长、看计算机屏幕时长和看手机时长测量值与设定值之间均呈强正相关(rs=0.999、0.998、0.999、0.998、0.976、0.959、0.992、0.997,均P<0.001),95%一致性界限(LoA)分别为-1.23~2.32 cm、-1.49~4.24°、-13.90~26.90 lx、-6.46~0.11 min、-4.50~1.20 min、-4.01~1.34 min、-2.54~1.94 min和-2.15~0.45 min,超过95%的点在LoA内,准确性临床可接受。测量值变异系数分别为1.23%~2.99%、2.39%~8.25%、0.87%~8.03%、1.49%~12.52%、6.63%~13.59%、0.00%~14.15%、1.20%~8.33%和1.49%~12.51%,稳定性均较好。Eye-Monitor在测量户外光照强度的95%LoA为-336.50~130.00 lx,95%的点在LoA内,准确性较好。结论智能可穿戴设备能够客观量化用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角、室内光照强度、近距离工作总时长、平均持续近距离用眼时长、户外活动时长、看计算机屏幕时长和看手机时长,并具有较好的准确性和稳定性。

环保型拒水尼龙户外面料的开发

尼龙面料强力高、耐磨性好,被广泛用于箱包、帐篷等户外领域,为满足锦纶织物用于户外运动产品的特殊要求,户外面料须经过拒水整理。随着常规含氟拒水剂环保问题的日益突出,开发环保无氟拒水的尼龙户外面料迫在眉睫。对比了不同无氟拒水剂对尼龙的拒水整理效果,筛选出适合尼龙拒水整理的环保型无氟拒水剂,确定适宜的整理工艺;对拒水整理后的尼龙织物进行PU涂层,研究无氟拒水剂对织物涂层的影响;对涂层后的尼龙户外织物的耐水洗性能进行测试,结果表明:环保型拒水尼龙户外面料可以采用超支化大分子无氟拒水剂整理,当拒水剂质量浓度为60 g/L,160℃处理70 s时,尼龙织物的拒水等级可以达到90分;尼龙牛津布经超支化大分子无氟拒水剂整理对后续织物涂层无影响;经过5次水洗后布面的拒水效果仍然有80分,具有比较优异的耐水洗性。

生态绿墙在西安市某高校办公建筑的应用研究

生态绿墙直接利用天然能源实现建筑外表面被动式冷却降温,从而改善室内的热环境和降低空调负荷。这种生态绿墙节能环保、健康低碳,在建筑节能领域有着广阔的发展前景。研究调研了目前西安市绿墙的应用现状,并以西安市某高校的办公建筑为研究对象,通过测试,定量分析了生态绿墙对建筑室内外环境的影响,为在西安市推广生态绿墙提供了一定的参考。

基于城市环境形象提升的户外广告景观效力探究

户外广告景观是传播展示城市环境形象中最为重要的效力源。目前,国内一些城市户外广告的“景观性”不足,存在规划发展景观基质不均衡、户外广告景观特质欠佳、城市环境平衡能力较弱、不利于可持续发展等不良问题,对城市环境形象塑造提升形成负面效力。因此,需要应用生态文明理念方法,加强户外广告景观系统的规划设计,从城市环境整体性、设计艺术融合表现、生态文化自信、管理方法模式创新上提升传播效力,打造具有地域特色的城市环境形象新名片。

环境要素与住区户外活动影响机制研究

在后疫情时代的背景下,城市住区可能会面临随时封闭的可能性,因此,住区内部户外活动环境就显得更加重要。以北京东王庄住宅小区室外环境为研究对象,对城市住区室外现状、使用人群状况、行为等方面进行现场实况调查和环境相关理论研究,得到相应的时空分布数据。对户外环境中公共空间、商业、绿化与居民户数四个重点环境要素与户外行为进行相关性回归分析,运用环境行为学的相关理论基础解释环境与行为之间的影响机制,并提出城市住区内普遍存在的问题和相应的改造措施。

室外植物对人体舒适度及环境满意率的影响

基于环境心理学和人体生理学,采用主观问卷调查并结合客观生理参数测量的方式,为营造人体造舒适满意的室外环境,对室外植物属性对人体舒适度及满意度的影响进行研究。在上海植物园内选取由不同颜色、大小、气味等植物构成的局部特征环境进行研究,并进行有无植物环境的对比实验,收集有效主观问卷240份,并对64位不同性别及年龄段的游客生理参数进行测试。通过比较不同植物环境下人体主观舒适度及客观生理参数的变化,研究植物的不同属性对人体舒适度及环境满意度的影响。研究结果表明:相对比无植物环境,人体在植物环境下的总体满意率和舒适度得到显著提高,而植物的颜色和气味的作用最为显著;不同植物环境下受试者的期望不同,大面积、多色彩的植物环境花草园环境的受欢迎程度最高,生理参数能从一定程度上反映人体在环境中的舒适状态,其中心率变异性与环境舒适度的相关性最为明显。

发达国家森林教育的发展及其教育启示

森林教育是指在林地环境里,为儿童或青少年提供亲身体验的机会,以此来培养他们自信心和自尊心的一种户外学习过程与实践。英、德、美、日的森林教育发展经验为我国的生命教育,环境教育与教学形式的多样化提供了启示与借鉴。