In order to solve the problems of surface runoff increase,water accumulation in rainy days and urban heat island effect,an ecological outdoor ground structure with composite water storage and drainage functions was st...In order to solve the problems of surface runoff increase,water accumulation in rainy days and urban heat island effect,an ecological outdoor ground structure with composite water storage and drainage functions was studied and applied in this paper:Through the comprehensive design of road ground,road inspection well,garden inspection well and drainage pipe network,it can quickly store and drain ground water,alleviate the urban heat island effect,realize plant infiltration irrigation,and achieve the purpose of saving water and energy.展开更多
The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be ...The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be equivalent to a human cylinder and the outdoor ground surface is diffusive for radiation, a mathematical model is advanced to describe the radiation from the ground surface to the occupant. Through theoretical analysis of the mathematical model, general formulas for calculating the radiation arriving at the occupant from an annular ground surface and infinite ground surface are obtained. It shows that, the radiation from ground surface to the occupant depends on the surface temperature, reflectivity and emissivity, the arrange within the radius of 8.0m encircling the occupant can be defined as the dominant radiating area which radiates 90% radiation to the occupant. The radiative potentials of different pavement surface such grass, asphalt concrete surface, granite slab surface, terracotta bricks, colored concrete interlocking blocks are also compared with the datum measured by Tan Slew-Ann and Fwa Tien-Fang in Singapore, it shows that, in the summer sunny day, grass surface radiates more radiation in the morning but less in the afternoon than other pavement materials. Finally, discussions of reducing the radiation of outdoor ground surface are presented and main conclusions are drawn for improving the outdoor thermal environment.展开更多
阐述IEC 60364-4-41:2005《Lowvoltage electrical installations—Part 4-41:Protection for safety—Protection against electric shock》标准规定TT系统内由同一保护电器所保护的所有电气设备必须采用共用接地防电击的原由,举例说...阐述IEC 60364-4-41:2005《Lowvoltage electrical installations—Part 4-41:Protection for safety—Protection against electric shock》标准规定TT系统内由同一保护电器所保护的所有电气设备必须采用共用接地防电击的原由,举例说明户外农电装置、施工场地、路灯等TT系统应用中的接地和防电击实施方案。着重叙述路灯TT系统共用接地并采用过电流防护电器兼防电击在我国的特殊现实意义。展开更多
文摘In order to solve the problems of surface runoff increase,water accumulation in rainy days and urban heat island effect,an ecological outdoor ground structure with composite water storage and drainage functions was studied and applied in this paper:Through the comprehensive design of road ground,road inspection well,garden inspection well and drainage pipe network,it can quickly store and drain ground water,alleviate the urban heat island effect,realize plant infiltration irrigation,and achieve the purpose of saving water and energy.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China （Nos. Do210013, 2006J0460）.
文摘The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be equivalent to a human cylinder and the outdoor ground surface is diffusive for radiation, a mathematical model is advanced to describe the radiation from the ground surface to the occupant. Through theoretical analysis of the mathematical model, general formulas for calculating the radiation arriving at the occupant from an annular ground surface and infinite ground surface are obtained. It shows that, the radiation from ground surface to the occupant depends on the surface temperature, reflectivity and emissivity, the arrange within the radius of 8.0m encircling the occupant can be defined as the dominant radiating area which radiates 90% radiation to the occupant. The radiative potentials of different pavement surface such grass, asphalt concrete surface, granite slab surface, terracotta bricks, colored concrete interlocking blocks are also compared with the datum measured by Tan Slew-Ann and Fwa Tien-Fang in Singapore, it shows that, in the summer sunny day, grass surface radiates more radiation in the morning but less in the afternoon than other pavement materials. Finally, discussions of reducing the radiation of outdoor ground surface are presented and main conclusions are drawn for improving the outdoor thermal environment.
文摘阐述IEC 60364-4-41:2005《Lowvoltage electrical installations—Part 4-41:Protection for safety—Protection against electric shock》标准规定TT系统内由同一保护电器所保护的所有电气设备必须采用共用接地防电击的原由,举例说明户外农电装置、施工场地、路灯等TT系统应用中的接地和防电击实施方案。着重叙述路灯TT系统共用接地并采用过电流防护电器兼防电击在我国的特殊现实意义。
