Objective:To speculate which of the following parameters:antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and age can be used as a predictor of ovarian response to gonadotro...Objective:To speculate which of the following parameters:antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and age can be used as a predictor of ovarian response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years,and to determine the cutoff value of these parameters and their correlations for predicting low and high ovarian response.Methods:This prospective study included 462 women with the mean age of(29.3±6.5)years.All women were subjected to the GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol.On the second day of the menstrual cycle,ultrasonography was conducted to determine AFC in both ovaries.Peripheral blood samples were collected to evaluate the level of estradiol,FSH,luteinizing hormone,prolactin,thyroid-stimulating hormone,and AMH.The women were divided into three groups:low response(AHH<1 ng/mL,n=173),normal response(AMH=1.0-3.5 ng/mL,n=175),and high response(AMH>3.5 ng/mL,n=114).Results:A significant decrease was found in the age and FSH level in the high response group compared to other groups(P<0.001).Conversely,a significant increase was shown in AMH,estradiol on human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)day,AFC,mature oocytes,fertilized oocytes,and embryos transferred in the high response group compared to the other two groups(P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves demonstrated that AFC and AMH had the highest accuracy,followed by basal FSH level and age in the prediction of low ovarian reserves(P<0.001)with cutoff values of≤4.50 and≤0.95 for AFC and AMH,respectively.Moreover,the ROC analysis showed that AFC had the highest accuracy,followed by AMH level and age in the prediction of high ovarian reserves with a cutoff value of≥14.50,≥3.63,and≤27.50 years,respectively(P<0.01).A significant decrease was observed in women's age,estradiol level,and oocyte fertilization rate in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women(P<0.001).Additionally,significant negative correlations were found between the AFC,the number of mature oocytes,fertilized oocytes,embryos transferred,and the age of pregnant women(P<0.001).Conclusions:AFC and AMH predict low and high ovarian response to GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years.展开更多
Background: Mammalian ovaries contain follicles containing an oocyte enclosed by layers of granulosa cells (GC). Follicle growth and oocyte maturation are largely dependent on GC numbers and viability, but there is no...Background: Mammalian ovaries contain follicles containing an oocyte enclosed by layers of granulosa cells (GC). Follicle growth and oocyte maturation are largely dependent on GC numbers and viability, but there is no established, reliable method for assessing the number of viable GC within an isolated follicle. Methods: Centrifugation conditions and the Trypan Blue (TB) Exclusion assay were optimised for low cell densities compatible with the numbers of GC in follicles. Mouse ovarian follicles were disaggregated to produce a single cell suspension of GC which were examined by TB (n = 4), but also by crystal violet assay in a 96-well plate format after 24 h in vitro (n = 3). GC viability in vitro was characterised further by using enzyme-linked immunoassays to quantify GC production of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estrogen. Results: The centrifugation and low cell density TB protocol could accurately measure the viability of 78 GC in 10 μL, with an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CoV) 22%, and inter-assay CoV 7%. The best follicle disaggregation method (30 min 37°C exposure to 2 mg/mL collagenase prior to 30 min exposure to 0.025% hyaluronidase) yielded (656 ±87) GC per antral follicle of which 82% ±5% were viable. Culturing 312 - 20,000 GC per well for 24 hours and assessing viability by crystal violet assay generated a linear correlation between OD value and viable GC number (R2 = 0.98) and estrogen concentration per well (R2 = 0.92). 20,000 GC per well produced 143 ±16 pg/mL estrogen during 24 hours in vitro, but no detectable AMH. Conclusion: This is the first report describing the isolation of viable, estrogen-producing GC from murine follicles, and their subsequent culture. These procedures are transferrable to other species including humans and can be applied to screening the reproductive toxicity of pharmaceutical agents.展开更多
Objective ：To investigate glucose metabolism in women with multiple ovarian follicles （MOF） and explore the relationship between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and body weight. Methods：We evaluated 46 wome...Objective ：To investigate glucose metabolism in women with multiple ovarian follicles （MOF） and explore the relationship between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and body weight. Methods：We evaluated 46 women with MFO and 30 normal women as controls. All the subjects were given 75g of glucose orally in order to perform the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and insulin releasing test （IRT）, and they were also evaluated for insulin resistance using the insulin resistance index with homeostatic model assessment （HOMA）. Results：The occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance in women with MOF was 10.87%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group （3.33% ,P 〈 0.05）. The rate of insulin resistance was 30.43% in the study group as compared to 10.00% in the control group. The results showed that there was significant difference between the two groups（P 〈 0.05）. The levels of FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T and P between the two groups had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. BMI in women with impaired glucose tolerance was correlated positively to insulin resistance （r = 0.567, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：Abnormal glucose metabolism was observed in women with unitary multiple ovarian follicles, and this could be attributed to obesity and insulin resistance. Women with MOF and associated obesity should be subjected to OGTT so that their glucose levels can be monitored as a preventive measure.展开更多
The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations f...The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations for the purpose of observing the effects of antisense ODN to FSH receptor （FSHR） on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hOMC cells in vitro. The inhibitory rates of growth were measured by using MTT method on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after the interference of antisense ODN, nonsense ODN, and FSH, respectively. The apoptotic rates and the cell cycles were determined by means of flow cytometry, the apoptosis indexes were detected by using TUNEL, and the expression of caspase-3 was measured by using SP immunohistochemistry. Compared with that in the control group, the proliferative activity of hOMC cells was increased obviously in FSH groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, decreased distinctly in antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and unchanged in nonsense ODN groups, respectively. Meanwhile, antisense ODN could significantly antagonize the FSH-promoted cell proliferative activity （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptotic rates and the expression of caspase-3 were dramatically increased in the mid- and high-dose antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, while the number of cells in G1/G0 phase was significantly decreased and that in S phase distinctly increased （P〈0.01）, There was no change in nonsense ODN groups （P〉0.05）, It was suggested that FSH may improve the development of hOMC cells, However, antisense ODN could inhibit proliferative activity and the FSH-promoted proliferative activity in hOMC cells, at the same time, antisense ODN could inhibit hOMC cell growth by inducing apoptosis.展开更多
Ovarian follicle growth in three dimensional (3D) matrices in vitro has limitations: a) matrices don’t expand as follicles grow, b) requirements for enzyme-mediated retrieval, and c) animal-derived components prevent...Ovarian follicle growth in three dimensional (3D) matrices in vitro has limitations: a) matrices don’t expand as follicles grow, b) requirements for enzyme-mediated retrieval, and c) animal-derived components prevent clinical application. Therefore, we evaluated N-Isopropylacrylamide (SFX-1), a novel synthetic 3D culture matrix, for follicle culture. Groups of three murine secondary follicles were encapsulated in 50 μL of DMEM/F12-1%ITS-10%FCS (DMEM/F12) or SFX-1 (3:2 v/v DMEM/F12) or Matrigel (1:1 DMEM/F12) and cultured for 48 h. Matrigel contains growth factors but SFX-1 has no animal-derived factors. Each culture condition was examined in 6 wells containing 18 follicles, in four replicate experiments (n = 4). Photomicrographs were used to determine follicle diameters and morphological integrity. Follicles were Live-Dead (LD) stained or disaggregated to generate cells for viability assessment using Trypan Blue (TB). Estradiol, progesterone and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in conditioned media were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunoassay. All culture conditions supported similar increases in follicle diameter. DMEM/F12 did not maintain morphological integrity which prevented follicle retrieval after 48 h;25% were retrieved from DMEM/F12, but 44% and 41% follicles were retrieved from SFX-1 and Matrigel respectively. Follicles retrieved from Matrigel could not be disaggregated, which prevented TB viability assessment. LD estimations of viable cells/follicle were lower than TB, but culture conditions had no effect on viability;SFX-1 64% ± 8% and DMEM/F12 69% ± 9%. SFX-1 and Matrigel supported similar levels of progesterone synthesis, only Matrigel supported estrogen synthesis, but none of the culture conditions supported AMH production. SFX-1 was not cytotoxic and was comparable to Matrigel. Further development of SFX-1 for use with human follicles is supported.展开更多
Objective:To determine the ovine ovarian histomorphology and follicular staging at various age periods in Awassi breed.Methods:Ovaries were collected from prenatal fetuses[gestational age(95±5)days],neonatal(day ...Objective:To determine the ovine ovarian histomorphology and follicular staging at various age periods in Awassi breed.Methods:Ovaries were collected from prenatal fetuses[gestational age(95±5)days],neonatal(day 0),and prepubertal ewe lambs(two and four months of age);each age group included six animals.Ovaries(n=12,each group)were dissected and processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining.Stained sections(n=24,each group)were imaged and utilized for histomorphology assessment,follicle measurement,and classification.Results:Prenatal ovaries were mainly enriched with primordial follicles accompanied by a lower proportion of primary follicles.In addition to primordial and primary follicles,neonatal ovaries demonstrated a proportion of centrally located multilayered and antral follicles.In comparison with neonatal ovaries,the proportion of multilayered and antral follicles was significantly higher in the ovaries of two-month-old lambs;conversely,the proportion of peripherally situated primordial follicles dramatically declined compared to that of earlier age of lamb.Although there was no statistical variation in the sizes of primordial follicles across groups,the mean diameter of the primary follicle in the prenatal ovaries was substantially smaller than in postnatal ovaries.Compared to the neonatal ovaries,the size of the multilayered and antral follicles in the prepubertal ovaries was substantially larger.Conclusions:The earliest follicular developmental stages were established prenatally whereas the advanced growth stages started in the neonatal period and greatly increased in the prepubertal period.展开更多
Objective:To examine the effect of quercetin on stereological parameters and autophagy-related genes in ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)rats.Methods:Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided int...Objective:To examine the effect of quercetin on stereological parameters and autophagy-related genes in ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)rats.Methods:Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:the control group,the ethanol group,the quercetin group(15 mg/kg/day),the PCOS group,as well as the PCOS+quercetin group.After the induction of PCOS,quercetin was administered orally for 30 days.Histological,stereological and real-time PCR analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of quercetin on PCOS rats.Results:Stereological analysis revealed that quercetin significantly increased the number of ovarian follicles and the volume of corpus luteum and induced a significant decrease in atretic follicles in comparison to the PCOS group.In addition,quercetin markedly increased mTOR gene expression while decreasing Beclin-1 and LC3 gene expression.Conclusions:Quercetin strongly modulates the expression of ovarian autophagy-related genes and stereological parameters in PCOS rats.Therefore,it can be considered as an ameliorative component for ovarian follicular impairments.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)165a,VEGF165b,and VEGF receptor(VEGFR)in the development of bovine follicles.Methods:We cultured follicular cells that were collected from s...Objective:To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)165a,VEGF165b,and VEGF receptor(VEGFR)in the development of bovine follicles.Methods:We cultured follicular cells that were collected from small,medium,and large sized bovine follicles with estrogen and measured the expression of VEGF,VEGFR2 and VEGF165b by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.Results:The expression of VEGF165 increased in all follicle sizes and the expression of VEGF165b was increased in the small and large follicles after culturing in an estrogen containing medium.The expression of VEGFR2 was increased in the medium and large follicles after culturing with estrogen for 96 h.VEGF165 was activated at 100 ng/mL estrogen in the large follicles for 96 h.In addition,VEGFR2 was upregulated in the medium and large follicles after treated with 100 ng/mL estrogen for 96 h.Conclusions:This evidence suggests that the expression of VEGF165 and VEGFR is associated with estrogen stimulation during the development of bovine follicles and in an autocrine or paracrine manner.This reveals an advantage during oocyte maturation in vitro.展开更多
The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and developm...The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and development due to follicular dormancy and unbalanced developmental regulation in the body,leading to female infertility.Ovarian tissue in vitro activation(IVA)technology has become a new way to solve the problem of patients who cannot auto-activate primordial follicles to obtain their own mature oocytes.In IVA research,signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN/Akt and Hippo have become the focus of current research.This review will describe the relevant research progress and clinical application of the IVA mechanism,and provide a reference for clinical research on ovarian tissue culture and activation in vitro.展开更多
文摘Objective:To speculate which of the following parameters:antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and age can be used as a predictor of ovarian response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years,and to determine the cutoff value of these parameters and their correlations for predicting low and high ovarian response.Methods:This prospective study included 462 women with the mean age of(29.3±6.5)years.All women were subjected to the GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol.On the second day of the menstrual cycle,ultrasonography was conducted to determine AFC in both ovaries.Peripheral blood samples were collected to evaluate the level of estradiol,FSH,luteinizing hormone,prolactin,thyroid-stimulating hormone,and AMH.The women were divided into three groups:low response(AHH<1 ng/mL,n=173),normal response(AMH=1.0-3.5 ng/mL,n=175),and high response(AMH>3.5 ng/mL,n=114).Results:A significant decrease was found in the age and FSH level in the high response group compared to other groups(P<0.001).Conversely,a significant increase was shown in AMH,estradiol on human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)day,AFC,mature oocytes,fertilized oocytes,and embryos transferred in the high response group compared to the other two groups(P<0.001).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves demonstrated that AFC and AMH had the highest accuracy,followed by basal FSH level and age in the prediction of low ovarian reserves(P<0.001)with cutoff values of≤4.50 and≤0.95 for AFC and AMH,respectively.Moreover,the ROC analysis showed that AFC had the highest accuracy,followed by AMH level and age in the prediction of high ovarian reserves with a cutoff value of≥14.50,≥3.63,and≤27.50 years,respectively(P<0.01).A significant decrease was observed in women's age,estradiol level,and oocyte fertilization rate in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women(P<0.001).Additionally,significant negative correlations were found between the AFC,the number of mature oocytes,fertilized oocytes,embryos transferred,and the age of pregnant women(P<0.001).Conclusions:AFC and AMH predict low and high ovarian response to GnRH antagonist stimulation multiple-dose protocol in women under 45 years.
文摘Background: Mammalian ovaries contain follicles containing an oocyte enclosed by layers of granulosa cells (GC). Follicle growth and oocyte maturation are largely dependent on GC numbers and viability, but there is no established, reliable method for assessing the number of viable GC within an isolated follicle. Methods: Centrifugation conditions and the Trypan Blue (TB) Exclusion assay were optimised for low cell densities compatible with the numbers of GC in follicles. Mouse ovarian follicles were disaggregated to produce a single cell suspension of GC which were examined by TB (n = 4), but also by crystal violet assay in a 96-well plate format after 24 h in vitro (n = 3). GC viability in vitro was characterised further by using enzyme-linked immunoassays to quantify GC production of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estrogen. Results: The centrifugation and low cell density TB protocol could accurately measure the viability of 78 GC in 10 μL, with an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CoV) 22%, and inter-assay CoV 7%. The best follicle disaggregation method (30 min 37°C exposure to 2 mg/mL collagenase prior to 30 min exposure to 0.025% hyaluronidase) yielded (656 ±87) GC per antral follicle of which 82% ±5% were viable. Culturing 312 - 20,000 GC per well for 24 hours and assessing viability by crystal violet assay generated a linear correlation between OD value and viable GC number (R2 = 0.98) and estrogen concentration per well (R2 = 0.92). 20,000 GC per well produced 143 ±16 pg/mL estrogen during 24 hours in vitro, but no detectable AMH. Conclusion: This is the first report describing the isolation of viable, estrogen-producing GC from murine follicles, and their subsequent culture. These procedures are transferrable to other species including humans and can be applied to screening the reproductive toxicity of pharmaceutical agents.
文摘Objective ：To investigate glucose metabolism in women with multiple ovarian follicles （MOF） and explore the relationship between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and body weight. Methods：We evaluated 46 women with MFO and 30 normal women as controls. All the subjects were given 75g of glucose orally in order to perform the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and insulin releasing test （IRT）, and they were also evaluated for insulin resistance using the insulin resistance index with homeostatic model assessment （HOMA）. Results：The occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance in women with MOF was 10.87%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group （3.33% ,P 〈 0.05）. The rate of insulin resistance was 30.43% in the study group as compared to 10.00% in the control group. The results showed that there was significant difference between the two groups（P 〈 0.05）. The levels of FSH,LH,PRL,E2,T and P between the two groups had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. BMI in women with impaired glucose tolerance was correlated positively to insulin resistance （r = 0.567, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion：Abnormal glucose metabolism was observed in women with unitary multiple ovarian follicles, and this could be attributed to obesity and insulin resistance. Women with MOF and associated obesity should be subjected to OGTT so that their glucose levels can be monitored as a preventive measure.
文摘The human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma （hOMC） cells were co-cultured with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide （antisense ODN）, nonsense ODN, and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） at different concentrations for the purpose of observing the effects of antisense ODN to FSH receptor （FSHR） on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured hOMC cells in vitro. The inhibitory rates of growth were measured by using MTT method on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days after the interference of antisense ODN, nonsense ODN, and FSH, respectively. The apoptotic rates and the cell cycles were determined by means of flow cytometry, the apoptosis indexes were detected by using TUNEL, and the expression of caspase-3 was measured by using SP immunohistochemistry. Compared with that in the control group, the proliferative activity of hOMC cells was increased obviously in FSH groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, decreased distinctly in antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and unchanged in nonsense ODN groups, respectively. Meanwhile, antisense ODN could significantly antagonize the FSH-promoted cell proliferative activity （P〈0.01）. Compared with those in the control group, the apoptotic rates and the expression of caspase-3 were dramatically increased in the mid- and high-dose antisense ODN groups （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, while the number of cells in G1/G0 phase was significantly decreased and that in S phase distinctly increased （P〈0.01）, There was no change in nonsense ODN groups （P〉0.05）, It was suggested that FSH may improve the development of hOMC cells, However, antisense ODN could inhibit proliferative activity and the FSH-promoted proliferative activity in hOMC cells, at the same time, antisense ODN could inhibit hOMC cell growth by inducing apoptosis.
文摘Ovarian follicle growth in three dimensional (3D) matrices in vitro has limitations: a) matrices don’t expand as follicles grow, b) requirements for enzyme-mediated retrieval, and c) animal-derived components prevent clinical application. Therefore, we evaluated N-Isopropylacrylamide (SFX-1), a novel synthetic 3D culture matrix, for follicle culture. Groups of three murine secondary follicles were encapsulated in 50 μL of DMEM/F12-1%ITS-10%FCS (DMEM/F12) or SFX-1 (3:2 v/v DMEM/F12) or Matrigel (1:1 DMEM/F12) and cultured for 48 h. Matrigel contains growth factors but SFX-1 has no animal-derived factors. Each culture condition was examined in 6 wells containing 18 follicles, in four replicate experiments (n = 4). Photomicrographs were used to determine follicle diameters and morphological integrity. Follicles were Live-Dead (LD) stained or disaggregated to generate cells for viability assessment using Trypan Blue (TB). Estradiol, progesterone and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) in conditioned media were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunoassay. All culture conditions supported similar increases in follicle diameter. DMEM/F12 did not maintain morphological integrity which prevented follicle retrieval after 48 h;25% were retrieved from DMEM/F12, but 44% and 41% follicles were retrieved from SFX-1 and Matrigel respectively. Follicles retrieved from Matrigel could not be disaggregated, which prevented TB viability assessment. LD estimations of viable cells/follicle were lower than TB, but culture conditions had no effect on viability;SFX-1 64% ± 8% and DMEM/F12 69% ± 9%. SFX-1 and Matrigel supported similar levels of progesterone synthesis, only Matrigel supported estrogen synthesis, but none of the culture conditions supported AMH production. SFX-1 was not cytotoxic and was comparable to Matrigel. Further development of SFX-1 for use with human follicles is supported.
文摘Objective:To determine the ovine ovarian histomorphology and follicular staging at various age periods in Awassi breed.Methods:Ovaries were collected from prenatal fetuses[gestational age(95±5)days],neonatal(day 0),and prepubertal ewe lambs(two and four months of age);each age group included six animals.Ovaries(n=12,each group)were dissected and processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining.Stained sections(n=24,each group)were imaged and utilized for histomorphology assessment,follicle measurement,and classification.Results:Prenatal ovaries were mainly enriched with primordial follicles accompanied by a lower proportion of primary follicles.In addition to primordial and primary follicles,neonatal ovaries demonstrated a proportion of centrally located multilayered and antral follicles.In comparison with neonatal ovaries,the proportion of multilayered and antral follicles was significantly higher in the ovaries of two-month-old lambs;conversely,the proportion of peripherally situated primordial follicles dramatically declined compared to that of earlier age of lamb.Although there was no statistical variation in the sizes of primordial follicles across groups,the mean diameter of the primary follicle in the prenatal ovaries was substantially smaller than in postnatal ovaries.Compared to the neonatal ovaries,the size of the multilayered and antral follicles in the prepubertal ovaries was substantially larger.Conclusions:The earliest follicular developmental stages were established prenatally whereas the advanced growth stages started in the neonatal period and greatly increased in the prepubertal period.
基金This work was supported by the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(grant number:10774).
文摘Objective:To examine the effect of quercetin on stereological parameters and autophagy-related genes in ovaries of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)rats.Methods:Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups:the control group,the ethanol group,the quercetin group(15 mg/kg/day),the PCOS group,as well as the PCOS+quercetin group.After the induction of PCOS,quercetin was administered orally for 30 days.Histological,stereological and real-time PCR analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of quercetin on PCOS rats.Results:Stereological analysis revealed that quercetin significantly increased the number of ovarian follicles and the volume of corpus luteum and induced a significant decrease in atretic follicles in comparison to the PCOS group.In addition,quercetin markedly increased mTOR gene expression while decreasing Beclin-1 and LC3 gene expression.Conclusions:Quercetin strongly modulates the expression of ovarian autophagy-related genes and stereological parameters in PCOS rats.Therefore,it can be considered as an ameliorative component for ovarian follicular impairments.
文摘Objective:To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)165a,VEGF165b,and VEGF receptor(VEGFR)in the development of bovine follicles.Methods:We cultured follicular cells that were collected from small,medium,and large sized bovine follicles with estrogen and measured the expression of VEGF,VEGFR2 and VEGF165b by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.Results:The expression of VEGF165 increased in all follicle sizes and the expression of VEGF165b was increased in the small and large follicles after culturing in an estrogen containing medium.The expression of VEGFR2 was increased in the medium and large follicles after culturing with estrogen for 96 h.VEGF165 was activated at 100 ng/mL estrogen in the large follicles for 96 h.In addition,VEGFR2 was upregulated in the medium and large follicles after treated with 100 ng/mL estrogen for 96 h.Conclusions:This evidence suggests that the expression of VEGF165 and VEGFR is associated with estrogen stimulation during the development of bovine follicles and in an autocrine or paracrine manner.This reveals an advantage during oocyte maturation in vitro.
基金Major Science and Technology Projects in Hainan Province(ZDKJ2017007)Hainan Natural Science Foundation(2019CXTD408)。
文摘The activation and development of primordial follicles is the key to the maturation of female gametes.Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)patients are unable to complete the primordial follicle activation and development due to follicular dormancy and unbalanced developmental regulation in the body,leading to female infertility.Ovarian tissue in vitro activation(IVA)technology has become a new way to solve the problem of patients who cannot auto-activate primordial follicles to obtain their own mature oocytes.In IVA research,signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN/Akt and Hippo have become the focus of current research.This review will describe the relevant research progress and clinical application of the IVA mechanism,and provide a reference for clinical research on ovarian tissue culture and activation in vitro.
