OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effect of dark chocolate(DC) on the letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). METHODS: In this experimental study, 32 female Wistar rats, weighing(200 ± 2...OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effect of dark chocolate(DC) on the letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). METHODS: In this experimental study, 32 female Wistar rats, weighing(200 ± 20) g, were randomly categorized into 4 groups including control, letrozole(1 mg·kg-1·d-1), metformin(500 mg·kg-1·d-1) along with letrozole, and DC(500 mg·kg-1·d-1) along with letrozole for 28 d by oral gavage. Twenty-four hours after the last supplementation, direct blood sampling was taken from the heart to obtain blood serum for evaluation of sex hormones and gonadotropins, oxidative parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and ovarian tissue was examined for histology. RESULTS: The DC treatment significantly improved PCOS signs, as demonstrated by the significant restoration of ovarian morphology and physiological functions as compared with the letrozole group. DC treatment also decreased ovarian interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and improved total oxidative/antioxidative status as compared with the letrozole group. CONCLUSIONS: Treating the animals with DC could alleviate the PCOS symptoms and reduced the toxic effects of letrozole in the ovary. This effect may mediate through antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endometriosis(EMs),an estrogen-dependent disease,refers to the appearance of mucosa-covered endometrial tissues(glandular and interstitial)growing in the uterine cavity outside the uterine myometrium.It is ...BACKGROUND Endometriosis(EMs),an estrogen-dependent disease,refers to the appearance of mucosa-covered endometrial tissues(glandular and interstitial)growing in the uterine cavity outside the uterine myometrium.It is commonly seen in women aged 25 to 45,with an incidence of approximately 10%-15%.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old unmarried female who denied a history of sex with an intact hymen had multiple dysmenorrhea and pain in the left lower abdomen that recurred during menstruation.Ultrasound examination revealed a dark cystic area measuring 4.9 cm×4.6 cm on the left side with poor light transmittance,which suggested a left endometriotic cyst.The patient was treated with pain medications(four capsules t.i.d.,p.o.).After one month,computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a low-density focus measuring approximately 38 mm in diameter,a blurred mesentery fat plane in the pelvic cavity,and pelvic effusion.Ultrasound showed a complex echo density measuring 5.2 cm×3.0 cm×4.2 cm in the left ovarian area and a fluid sonolucent area with a depth of 2.0 cm in the pelvic cavity.Left ovarian cystectomy,electrocautery for endometriotic lesions,myomectomy,and pelvic adhesion lysis were performed under laparoscopy.The postoperative diagnosis was left ovarian chocolate cyst rupture and EMs(stage III,ovarian type,peritoneal type).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic surgery can safely control the symptoms of EMs and effectively eradicate the disease.展开更多
Pelvic ultrasound is the first-line examination for the diagnosis of ovarian cysts. When coupled with Doppler, it allows the diagnosis to be directed towards the benign or malignant nature of the cyst. These benign tu...Pelvic ultrasound is the first-line examination for the diagnosis of ovarian cysts. When coupled with Doppler, it allows the diagnosis to be directed towards the benign or malignant nature of the cyst. These benign tumors are frequent in pubertal period. We report a descriptive study in 35 patients aged between 18 and 32 years of age who received a pelvic inflammatory etiology assessment. The purpose of this study was to show the place of pelvic ultrasound in the diagnosis of ovarian cysts.展开更多
AIM:To answer some questions related to the problem of ovarian simple cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.METHODS:A literature search and systematic review using MEDLINE(PubM ed)database from 1980 to 2014 was p...AIM:To answer some questions related to the problem of ovarian simple cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.METHODS:A literature search and systematic review using MEDLINE(PubM ed)database from 1980 to 2014 was performed using the following terms:"simple cyst","postmenopause","postmenopausal","ultrasound","ovary","ovarian","asymptomatic".Papers not related to the topic,reviews,letters to editor,opinion letter,commentaries and studies published in non-English language were excluded.Two authors then reviewed the full paper of all the studies initially selected.This review does not claim to be a meta-analysis.Therefore,meta-analysis statistics were not applied and PRISMA guidelines were not strictly followed.Simple descriptive statistics were used providing absolute numbers and corresponding percentages as well as range.RESULTS:Nine papers were ultimately included in this review,accounting for 98899 postmenopausal women.We have found that ovarian simple cysts are relatively common in asymptomatic postmenopausal women(prevalence:8.7%).The risk of malignancy is very low(0.19%).More than 90% of these cysts were smaller than 5 cm.Bilaterality rate ranged from 3.7% to 15%.Histologically,most cysts are serous cystadenomas(61%).When managed conservatively,a significant number resolve spontaneously(46.1%)or remain unchanged(39%).CONCLUSION:According to these data,conservative management should be the first option to offer to these women.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the protective effect of dark chocolate(DC) on the letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). METHODS: In this experimental study, 32 female Wistar rats, weighing(200 ± 20) g, were randomly categorized into 4 groups including control, letrozole(1 mg·kg-1·d-1), metformin(500 mg·kg-1·d-1) along with letrozole, and DC(500 mg·kg-1·d-1) along with letrozole for 28 d by oral gavage. Twenty-four hours after the last supplementation, direct blood sampling was taken from the heart to obtain blood serum for evaluation of sex hormones and gonadotropins, oxidative parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and ovarian tissue was examined for histology. RESULTS: The DC treatment significantly improved PCOS signs, as demonstrated by the significant restoration of ovarian morphology and physiological functions as compared with the letrozole group. DC treatment also decreased ovarian interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and improved total oxidative/antioxidative status as compared with the letrozole group. CONCLUSIONS: Treating the animals with DC could alleviate the PCOS symptoms and reduced the toxic effects of letrozole in the ovary. This effect may mediate through antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.
文摘BACKGROUND Endometriosis(EMs),an estrogen-dependent disease,refers to the appearance of mucosa-covered endometrial tissues(glandular and interstitial)growing in the uterine cavity outside the uterine myometrium.It is commonly seen in women aged 25 to 45,with an incidence of approximately 10%-15%.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old unmarried female who denied a history of sex with an intact hymen had multiple dysmenorrhea and pain in the left lower abdomen that recurred during menstruation.Ultrasound examination revealed a dark cystic area measuring 4.9 cm×4.6 cm on the left side with poor light transmittance,which suggested a left endometriotic cyst.The patient was treated with pain medications(four capsules t.i.d.,p.o.).After one month,computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a low-density focus measuring approximately 38 mm in diameter,a blurred mesentery fat plane in the pelvic cavity,and pelvic effusion.Ultrasound showed a complex echo density measuring 5.2 cm×3.0 cm×4.2 cm in the left ovarian area and a fluid sonolucent area with a depth of 2.0 cm in the pelvic cavity.Left ovarian cystectomy,electrocautery for endometriotic lesions,myomectomy,and pelvic adhesion lysis were performed under laparoscopy.The postoperative diagnosis was left ovarian chocolate cyst rupture and EMs(stage III,ovarian type,peritoneal type).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic surgery can safely control the symptoms of EMs and effectively eradicate the disease.
文摘Pelvic ultrasound is the first-line examination for the diagnosis of ovarian cysts. When coupled with Doppler, it allows the diagnosis to be directed towards the benign or malignant nature of the cyst. These benign tumors are frequent in pubertal period. We report a descriptive study in 35 patients aged between 18 and 32 years of age who received a pelvic inflammatory etiology assessment. The purpose of this study was to show the place of pelvic ultrasound in the diagnosis of ovarian cysts.
文摘AIM:To answer some questions related to the problem of ovarian simple cysts in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.METHODS:A literature search and systematic review using MEDLINE(PubM ed)database from 1980 to 2014 was performed using the following terms:"simple cyst","postmenopause","postmenopausal","ultrasound","ovary","ovarian","asymptomatic".Papers not related to the topic,reviews,letters to editor,opinion letter,commentaries and studies published in non-English language were excluded.Two authors then reviewed the full paper of all the studies initially selected.This review does not claim to be a meta-analysis.Therefore,meta-analysis statistics were not applied and PRISMA guidelines were not strictly followed.Simple descriptive statistics were used providing absolute numbers and corresponding percentages as well as range.RESULTS:Nine papers were ultimately included in this review,accounting for 98899 postmenopausal women.We have found that ovarian simple cysts are relatively common in asymptomatic postmenopausal women(prevalence:8.7%).The risk of malignancy is very low(0.19%).More than 90% of these cysts were smaller than 5 cm.Bilaterality rate ranged from 3.7% to 15%.Histologically,most cysts are serous cystadenomas(61%).When managed conservatively,a significant number resolve spontaneously(46.1%)or remain unchanged(39%).CONCLUSION:According to these data,conservative management should be the first option to offer to these women.
