In this paper,the potential of utilizing improved metaheuristic approaches in optimal design of building structures is concerned.In this regard,the drift-tribe-charged system search algorithm is proposed that the posi...In this paper,the potential of utilizing improved metaheuristic approaches in optimal design of building structures is concerned.In this regard,the drift-tribe-charged system search algorithm is proposed that the position and velocity updating processes of the charged system search is developed by implementing the mathematical presentation of the free-electron model utilized for metal conductors.In addition,the searching phase of the developed algorithm is also divided into three separate phases in order to improve the convergence capability of the algorithm.By means of these modifications,the exploitation and exploration rates of the standard algorithm are enhanced.In order to determine the ability of the proposed improved metaheuristic method considering some complex optimization problems,a 10-story steel building structure with 1026 structural members alongside a 60-story structure with 8272 members are utilized as numerical examples.The overall capability of the developed metaheuristic approach is compared with other metaheuristics.A total number of 30 independent runs have been conducted for each of the standard and proposed methods while a statistical analysis is also conducted for comparative purposes.The obtained optimum results demonstrated that the proposed metaheuristic approach is capable of preparing better outcomes than other metaheuristics.展开更多
As a type of multiconfiguration mechanism that can operate in an under-actuated state,metamorphic mechanisms were proposed more than two decades ago and attracted significant interest.Studies on structural synthesis o...As a type of multiconfiguration mechanism that can operate in an under-actuated state,metamorphic mechanisms were proposed more than two decades ago and attracted significant interest.Studies on structural synthesis of metamorphic mechanisms tend to focus more on metamorphic techniques and the structural synthesis of source mechanisms for metamorphic mechanisms.By designing different constraint architectures of metamorphic joints,multistructures can be obtained from the same source metamorphic mechanism.To determine the constraint architectures of metamorphic joints and their different assembly combinations,a kinematic status matrix and a corresponding constraint status matrix are constructed based on the metamorphic cyclogram of a source mechanism.According to the equivalent resistance gradient model and the constraint status matrix,an equivalent resistance matrix for the metamorphic joints is proposed.A structural synthesis matrix of the metamorphic mechanism is then obtained from the equivalent resistance matrix by deducing the constraint form vectors of the metamorphic joints.Furthermore,a kinematic diagram synthesis of the source metamorphic mechanism of a planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism is proposed,which is based on only the 14 one-or zero-degrees-of-freedom linkage groups.The entire structural design method of a metamorphic mechanism is based on the structural synthesis matrix and is presented as a systematic process.Finally,the proposed structural design approach is illustrated by two examples to verify its feasibility and practicality.This study provides an effective method for designing a practical multi-mobility and multiconfiguration planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism with a single actuator.展开更多
Focusing on the structural optimization of auxetic materials using data-driven methods,a back-propagation neural network(BPNN)based design framework is developed for petal-shaped auxetics using isogeometric analysis.A...Focusing on the structural optimization of auxetic materials using data-driven methods,a back-propagation neural network(BPNN)based design framework is developed for petal-shaped auxetics using isogeometric analysis.Adopting a NURBSbased parametric modelling scheme with a small number of design variables,the highly nonlinear relation between the input geometry variables and the effective material properties is obtained using BPNN-based fitting method,and demonstrated in this work to give high accuracy and efficiency.Such BPNN-based fitting functions also enable an easy analytical sensitivity analysis,in contrast to the generally complex procedures of typical shape and size sensitivity approaches.展开更多
The second class of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), iron-based pnictides and chalcogenides, necessarily contain Fe2X2 ("X" refers to a pnictogen or a chalcogen element) layers, just like the first clas...The second class of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), iron-based pnictides and chalcogenides, necessarily contain Fe2X2 ("X" refers to a pnictogen or a chalcogen element) layers, just like the first class of HTSCs which possess the essential CuO2 sheets. So far, dozens of iron-based HTSCs, classified into nine groups, have been discovered. In this article, the crystal-chemistry aspects of the known iron-based superconductors are reviewed and summarized by employing "hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB)" concept. Based on these understandings, we propose an alternative route to exploring new iron-based superconductors via rational structural design.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology considers the representation of the building as a virtual BIM model and its main concept is to centralize all the ...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology considers the representation of the building as a virtual BIM model and its main concept is to centralize all the information generated throughout the development of the project. Structural design involves a set of tasks, namely, structure definition, structural analyses, and after the generation of drawings and technical documentation. In all processes, it is required confidence in data transferred between the BIM systems used, and to support this, a high level of interoperability is claimed. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of interoperability between the BIM-based platforms, ArchiCAD (Graphisoft), Revit (Autodesk), and ETABS (CSI). Two-way data flows between these systems were explored using distinct transfer strategies: add-in applications;Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard data format. The research made allows identifying the most appropriate procedure to be adopted by structural engineers, given the interoperability limitations verified, enabling the establishment of a practical guide of sequential procedures on the development of structural designs using BIM tools.</span>展开更多
Tension leg platform (TLP) has been one of the most favorite deep-water platform concepts for offshore oil and gas field exploration and development. As of now,a total of 24 TLPs have been installed worldwide with 3 m...Tension leg platform (TLP) has been one of the most favorite deep-water platform concepts for offshore oil and gas field exploration and development. As of now,a total of 24 TLPs have been installed worldwide with 3 more to be installed in the near future and 5 more under design. Most of these installations are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Water depths for these TLP installations range from 150 m to 1 600 m. It is highly expected that China will have her first TLP designed,fabricated,and installed in the very near future. In order to satisfy the need for a unified hull structural design practice,this paper presents the design philosophy of a conventional TLP hull structure with emphases on critical structural components design and analysis methodologies.展开更多
In this paper the pumping unit of type QLCJ14-6 is studied.Through the belt driving unit,the mo-tor drives the driving sprocket in which the rotation rate has been reduced by the reduction ge arbox.The locus chain mov...In this paper the pumping unit of type QLCJ14-6 is studied.Through the belt driving unit,the mo-tor drives the driving sprocket in which the rotation rate has been reduced by the reduction ge arbox.The locus chain moves between the driving sprocket and upper sprocket which are vertically set.There's a special chain element in the locus chain,which drives the reciprocating holster with the main shaft linchpin and slide block.The r reciprocating g holster could only move up and down when the locus chain moves in a circle.In this way the up and down stroke of the sucker rod and the mac hine is realized.The lower end of the reciprocating holster is con-nected with the equilibrium system to make the structure balance.The balancing cylinder is re-placed by the balancing block to make the structure simplified.展开更多
This paper describes a new design of the neutral beam manifold based on a more optimized support system.A proposed alternative scheme has presented to replace the former complex manifold supports and internal pipe sup...This paper describes a new design of the neutral beam manifold based on a more optimized support system.A proposed alternative scheme has presented to replace the former complex manifold supports and internal pipe supports in the final design phase.Both the structural reliability and feasibility were confirmed with detailed analyses.Comparative analyses between two typical types of manifold support scheme were performed.All relevant results of mechanical analyses for typical operation scenarios and fault conditions are presented.Future optimization activities are described,which will give useful information for a refined setting of components in the next phase.展开更多
Constructional engineering is the fundamental industry of China and along with the constantly improving of science and technology level in recent years, BIM technology has been gradually applied in constructional engi...Constructional engineering is the fundamental industry of China and along with the constantly improving of science and technology level in recent years, BIM technology has been gradually applied in constructional engineering field of China, and it has exerted relatively sound application effects, thus actively proving the construction efficiency and quality. In this study, mainly based on BIM technology, I analyze the application of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering respectively from field data analysis, structure parameter design, interior design and professional coordination design, and analyze the application effects of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering by combining practical cases, which is expected to serve as the effective theoretical basis for the improvement of structural design of constructional engineering in China.展开更多
Accelerator driven system (ADS) is the effective tool for transmuting the long-lived transuranic radionuclidesinto shorter-lived radionuclides. A project called C-ADS is being studied at the Chinese Academy of Science...Accelerator driven system (ADS) is the effective tool for transmuting the long-lived transuranic radionuclidesinto shorter-lived radionuclides. A project called C-ADS is being studied at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Injector II prototype of C-ADS which is in charge of by the Institute of Modern Physics has already gained agood progress so far. Two superconducting solenoids with the effective length of 150 mm have been designed andfabricated by Magnet and Mechanical Group of IMP and installed into the testing cryomodule[1].展开更多
The steel beam-concrete column(RCS)frame structure is composed of the reinforced concrete columns and the steel beams,which is a composite structure with the superior performances.This kind of the frame structure has ...The steel beam-concrete column(RCS)frame structure is composed of the reinforced concrete columns and the steel beams,which is a composite structure with the superior performances.This kind of the frame structure has been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of the civil engineering because of its high building applicability,the fast construction speed,the low cost of the foundation and the good mechanical properties.Various kinds of the large-span,heavy-load and high-rise buildings emerge in endlessly,and the requirement for the structural performance is becoming higher and higher.The reinforced concrete column-steel beam composite frame structure is a high-performance structural system with the broad development prospects in China because of its good mechanical performance,durability,fire resistance and the building use space.展开更多
Architectural works,in the material form of buildings,are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.However,today's architects have excessively seeked the artistic expression of building skins,and ig...Architectural works,in the material form of buildings,are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.However,today's architects have excessively seeked the artistic expression of building skins,and ignored the architectural aesthetics represented by the structural system as a building skeleton and the elaboration of aesthetics of the architecture itself.Authors of this paper showed the compatibility of architectural presentation and structural design by interpreting the interaction between them,and proposed that a building is a building structure,and the building structure is the building.展开更多
The quality of skeleton system for the cheetah robot goes hand in hand with its bionic result of its shape, structure and functions. In view of the skeleton system constitution and structural characteristic of the che...The quality of skeleton system for the cheetah robot goes hand in hand with its bionic result of its shape, structure and functions. In view of the skeleton system constitution and structural characteristic of the cheetah, the team applied structure design, stimulation analysis and parameter optimization to developing the cheetah robot. In addition, after the invention of cheetah robot's anterior lumbar vertebra based on its functional attribute and connectivity attribute, the Solidworks Simulation was utilized to analyze the design, according to which improvement on the lumbar vertebra was made. Plus, the advantages of the CAD and CAE made the high efficiency of design work and high quality of the cheetah robot possible.展开更多
Structural design is an important component of architectural engineering.BIM is integrated into structural design to form a complete,linked,and information-based data platform.Therefore,in line with the features of BI...Structural design is an important component of architectural engineering.BIM is integrated into structural design to form a complete,linked,and information-based data platform.Therefore,in line with the features of BIM,such as interaction and coordination,information integration,as well as data simulation,this study analyzes the advantages of BIM in architectural structural design,proposes several optimization measures using BIM for architectural structural design,and promotes the rationality of architectural structural design.展开更多
In order to reduce the disease risk stemming from asphalt concrete pavement and ensure the safety of road operation,we should pay attention to the structural design of long-life asphalt pavement,strengthen the selecti...In order to reduce the disease risk stemming from asphalt concrete pavement and ensure the safety of road operation,we should pay attention to the structural design of long-life asphalt pavement,strengthen the selection of long-term pavement materials,scientifically set the pavement mechanical performance indexes based on the calculation results of pavement structure thickness combination and modulus combination,and ensure the stability and durability of road pavement structure through the real-time establishment of three-dimensional finite element calculation model,as well as the integrated design that takes into consideration the aspects of road subgrade,semi-rigid base and asphalt layer.展开更多
基金Supported by:Research Grant of the University of Tabriz under Grant No.1105。
文摘In this paper,the potential of utilizing improved metaheuristic approaches in optimal design of building structures is concerned.In this regard,the drift-tribe-charged system search algorithm is proposed that the position and velocity updating processes of the charged system search is developed by implementing the mathematical presentation of the free-electron model utilized for metal conductors.In addition,the searching phase of the developed algorithm is also divided into three separate phases in order to improve the convergence capability of the algorithm.By means of these modifications,the exploitation and exploration rates of the standard algorithm are enhanced.In order to determine the ability of the proposed improved metaheuristic method considering some complex optimization problems,a 10-story steel building structure with 1026 structural members alongside a 60-story structure with 8272 members are utilized as numerical examples.The overall capability of the developed metaheuristic approach is compared with other metaheuristics.A total number of 30 independent runs have been conducted for each of the standard and proposed methods while a statistical analysis is also conducted for comparative purposes.The obtained optimum results demonstrated that the proposed metaheuristic approach is capable of preparing better outcomes than other metaheuristics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51575091,51205052)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20170250001)the Basic Science and Research Project of Chinese National University(Grant No.N160304008).
文摘As a type of multiconfiguration mechanism that can operate in an under-actuated state,metamorphic mechanisms were proposed more than two decades ago and attracted significant interest.Studies on structural synthesis of metamorphic mechanisms tend to focus more on metamorphic techniques and the structural synthesis of source mechanisms for metamorphic mechanisms.By designing different constraint architectures of metamorphic joints,multistructures can be obtained from the same source metamorphic mechanism.To determine the constraint architectures of metamorphic joints and their different assembly combinations,a kinematic status matrix and a corresponding constraint status matrix are constructed based on the metamorphic cyclogram of a source mechanism.According to the equivalent resistance gradient model and the constraint status matrix,an equivalent resistance matrix for the metamorphic joints is proposed.A structural synthesis matrix of the metamorphic mechanism is then obtained from the equivalent resistance matrix by deducing the constraint form vectors of the metamorphic joints.Furthermore,a kinematic diagram synthesis of the source metamorphic mechanism of a planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism is proposed,which is based on only the 14 one-or zero-degrees-of-freedom linkage groups.The entire structural design method of a metamorphic mechanism is based on the structural synthesis matrix and is presented as a systematic process.Finally,the proposed structural design approach is illustrated by two examples to verify its feasibility and practicality.This study provides an effective method for designing a practical multi-mobility and multiconfiguration planar single-loop metamorphic mechanism with a single actuator.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51705158 and 51805174)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2018MS45 and 2019MS059)。
文摘Focusing on the structural optimization of auxetic materials using data-driven methods,a back-propagation neural network(BPNN)based design framework is developed for petal-shaped auxetics using isogeometric analysis.Adopting a NURBSbased parametric modelling scheme with a small number of design variables,the highly nonlinear relation between the input geometry variables and the effective material properties is obtained using BPNN-based fitting method,and demonstrated in this work to give high accuracy and efficiency.Such BPNN-based fitting functions also enable an easy analytical sensitivity analysis,in contrast to the generally complex procedures of typical shape and size sensitivity approaches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.90922002 and 11190023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.2013FZA3003)
文摘The second class of high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), iron-based pnictides and chalcogenides, necessarily contain Fe2X2 ("X" refers to a pnictogen or a chalcogen element) layers, just like the first class of HTSCs which possess the essential CuO2 sheets. So far, dozens of iron-based HTSCs, classified into nine groups, have been discovered. In this article, the crystal-chemistry aspects of the known iron-based superconductors are reviewed and summarized by employing "hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB)" concept. Based on these understandings, we propose an alternative route to exploring new iron-based superconductors via rational structural design.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology considers the representation of the building as a virtual BIM model and its main concept is to centralize all the information generated throughout the development of the project. Structural design involves a set of tasks, namely, structure definition, structural analyses, and after the generation of drawings and technical documentation. In all processes, it is required confidence in data transferred between the BIM systems used, and to support this, a high level of interoperability is claimed. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of interoperability between the BIM-based platforms, ArchiCAD (Graphisoft), Revit (Autodesk), and ETABS (CSI). Two-way data flows between these systems were explored using distinct transfer strategies: add-in applications;Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard data format. The research made allows identifying the most appropriate procedure to be adopted by structural engineers, given the interoperability limitations verified, enabling the establishment of a practical guide of sequential procedures on the development of structural designs using BIM tools.</span>
文摘Tension leg platform (TLP) has been one of the most favorite deep-water platform concepts for offshore oil and gas field exploration and development. As of now,a total of 24 TLPs have been installed worldwide with 3 more to be installed in the near future and 5 more under design. Most of these installations are in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Water depths for these TLP installations range from 150 m to 1 600 m. It is highly expected that China will have her first TLP designed,fabricated,and installed in the very near future. In order to satisfy the need for a unified hull structural design practice,this paper presents the design philosophy of a conventional TLP hull structure with emphases on critical structural components design and analysis methodologies.
文摘In this paper the pumping unit of type QLCJ14-6 is studied.Through the belt driving unit,the mo-tor drives the driving sprocket in which the rotation rate has been reduced by the reduction ge arbox.The locus chain moves between the driving sprocket and upper sprocket which are vertically set.There's a special chain element in the locus chain,which drives the reciprocating holster with the main shaft linchpin and slide block.The r reciprocating g holster could only move up and down when the locus chain moves in a circle.In this way the up and down stroke of the sucker rod and the mac hine is realized.The lower end of the reciprocating holster is con-nected with the equilibrium system to make the structure balance.The balancing cylinder is re-placed by the balancing block to make the structure simplified.
文摘This paper describes a new design of the neutral beam manifold based on a more optimized support system.A proposed alternative scheme has presented to replace the former complex manifold supports and internal pipe supports in the final design phase.Both the structural reliability and feasibility were confirmed with detailed analyses.Comparative analyses between two typical types of manifold support scheme were performed.All relevant results of mechanical analyses for typical operation scenarios and fault conditions are presented.Future optimization activities are described,which will give useful information for a refined setting of components in the next phase.
文摘Constructional engineering is the fundamental industry of China and along with the constantly improving of science and technology level in recent years, BIM technology has been gradually applied in constructional engineering field of China, and it has exerted relatively sound application effects, thus actively proving the construction efficiency and quality. In this study, mainly based on BIM technology, I analyze the application of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering respectively from field data analysis, structure parameter design, interior design and professional coordination design, and analyze the application effects of BIM technology in structural design of constructional engineering by combining practical cases, which is expected to serve as the effective theoretical basis for the improvement of structural design of constructional engineering in China.
文摘Accelerator driven system (ADS) is the effective tool for transmuting the long-lived transuranic radionuclidesinto shorter-lived radionuclides. A project called C-ADS is being studied at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Injector II prototype of C-ADS which is in charge of by the Institute of Modern Physics has already gained agood progress so far. Two superconducting solenoids with the effective length of 150 mm have been designed andfabricated by Magnet and Mechanical Group of IMP and installed into the testing cryomodule[1].
文摘The steel beam-concrete column(RCS)frame structure is composed of the reinforced concrete columns and the steel beams,which is a composite structure with the superior performances.This kind of the frame structure has been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of the civil engineering because of its high building applicability,the fast construction speed,the low cost of the foundation and the good mechanical properties.Various kinds of the large-span,heavy-load and high-rise buildings emerge in endlessly,and the requirement for the structural performance is becoming higher and higher.The reinforced concrete column-steel beam composite frame structure is a high-performance structural system with the broad development prospects in China because of its good mechanical performance,durability,fire resistance and the building use space.
文摘Architectural works,in the material form of buildings,are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.However,today's architects have excessively seeked the artistic expression of building skins,and ignored the architectural aesthetics represented by the structural system as a building skeleton and the elaboration of aesthetics of the architecture itself.Authors of this paper showed the compatibility of architectural presentation and structural design by interpreting the interaction between them,and proposed that a building is a building structure,and the building structure is the building.
文摘The quality of skeleton system for the cheetah robot goes hand in hand with its bionic result of its shape, structure and functions. In view of the skeleton system constitution and structural characteristic of the cheetah, the team applied structure design, stimulation analysis and parameter optimization to developing the cheetah robot. In addition, after the invention of cheetah robot's anterior lumbar vertebra based on its functional attribute and connectivity attribute, the Solidworks Simulation was utilized to analyze the design, according to which improvement on the lumbar vertebra was made. Plus, the advantages of the CAD and CAE made the high efficiency of design work and high quality of the cheetah robot possible.
文摘Structural design is an important component of architectural engineering.BIM is integrated into structural design to form a complete,linked,and information-based data platform.Therefore,in line with the features of BIM,such as interaction and coordination,information integration,as well as data simulation,this study analyzes the advantages of BIM in architectural structural design,proposes several optimization measures using BIM for architectural structural design,and promotes the rationality of architectural structural design.
文摘In order to reduce the disease risk stemming from asphalt concrete pavement and ensure the safety of road operation,we should pay attention to the structural design of long-life asphalt pavement,strengthen the selection of long-term pavement materials,scientifically set the pavement mechanical performance indexes based on the calculation results of pavement structure thickness combination and modulus combination,and ensure the stability and durability of road pavement structure through the real-time establishment of three-dimensional finite element calculation model,as well as the integrated design that takes into consideration the aspects of road subgrade,semi-rigid base and asphalt layer.
基金国家自然科学基金(the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60673162)北京自然科学基金(the Natural ScienceFoundation of Beijing Province of China under Grant No.4073041)