Overviews of reviews on patient compliance with medication protocols used in highly active antiretroviral therapy

Purpose:To provide evidence support for the development of clinical practice guidelines regarding patient adherence to medication protocols used in highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in China.Methods:We analyzed information contained in recent systematic reviews and metaanalyses regarding patient compliance with medication protocols used in HAART.Results:Nine systematic reviews and one meta-analysis were included in our study which involved three different aspects of patient compliance:influencing factors,assessment methods,and interventions.Conclusions:The high quality data obtained from our study was suitable for use in developing clinically useful guidelines for patent compliance with HAART medication protocols.

Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)inchildren.Methods:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed Database.SRs on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were included.The study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of CHM.The evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)criteria.The primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance time.The secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine levels.Results:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria.According to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point maximum.In all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with MPP.The evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(<5%).The most common downgrading factor was imprecision,followed by publication bias and inconsistency.Conclusion:This overview highlights the limited quality of the methodology and evidence of the included SRs.Although the included studies showed the beneficial effects of CHM on MPP in children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

Microbial Fertilizer: A Sustainable Strategy for Medicinal Plants Production

Medicinal plants have aroused considerable interest as an alternative to chemical drugs due to the beneficial effects of their active secondary metabolites.However,the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in pursuit of yield has caused serious pollution to the environment,which is not conducive to sustainable devel-opment in thefield of medicinal plants.Microbial fertilizers are a type of“green fertilizer”containing specific microorganisms that can improve the soil microbial structure,enhance plant resistance to biological and abiotic stresses,and increase the yield of medicinal plants.The root exudates of medicinal plants attract different micro-organisms to the rhizosphere,which then migrate further to the plant tissues.These microbes can increase the levels of soil nutrients,and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil through nitrogenfixation,and phosphorus and potassium solubilization.In addition,soil microbes can promote the synthesis of hormones that increase plant growth and the accumulation of active compounds,eventually improving the quality of med-icinal plants.In 2022,the total value of the global microbial fertilizer market was$4.6 billion and is estimated to reach$10.36 billion by 2030.In this review,we have summarized the types of microbial fertilizers,the coloniza-tion and migration of microorganisms to plant tissues,and the beneficial effects of microbial fertilizers.In addi-tion,the prospects of developing microbial fertilizers and their application for medicinal plants have also been discussed.It aims to provide a reference for the rational application of microbial fertilizers in thefield of med-icinal plants and the green and sustainable development of medicinal plant resources.

First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years ago.Although Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical conditions.In his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease entity.Because of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th century.However,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early 2000s.The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in catatonia.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical conditions.The introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this field.The authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

Research Progress of Zhuang Medicine Combined with Nanogels in Mastitis

Mastitis is a common and frequently-occurring disease among Chinese women, which seriously harms their mental and physical health. External application of Zhuang medicine has the effects of dredging collaterals, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and softening hardness to dissipate stagnation, and show definite curative effect in preventing and treating breast diseases. Nano-composite hydrogels have the advantages of small toxic and side effects, high bioavailability, high targeting and controllable drug release. Therefore, this paper summarized and analyzed relevant literature of Zhuang medicine in treating breast diseases and clinical research of nanogels, providing new ideas and scientific basis for the treatment of mastitis with Zhuang medicine combined with nanogels.

Co-Frequency Interference Analysis and Avoidance Between NGSO Constellations: Challenges, Techniques, and Trends

In recent years,as giant satellite constellations grow rapidly worldwide,the co-existence between constellations has been widely concerned.In this paper,we overview the co-frequency interference(CFI)among the giant non-geostationary orbit(NGSO)constellations.Specifically,we first summarize the CFI scenario and evaluation index among different NGSO constellations.Based on statistics about NGSO constellation plans,we analyse the challenges in mitigation and analysis of CFI.Next,the CFI calculation methods and research progress are systematically sorted out from the aspects of interference risk analysis framework,numerical calculation and link construction.Then,the feasibility of interference mitigation technologies based on space,frequency domain isolation,power control,and interference alignment mitigation in the NGSO mega-constellation CFI scenario are further sorted out.Finally,we present promising directions for future research in CFI analysis and CFI avoidance.

Research Progress on the Influence of Varying Fiber Contents on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete

Applying recycled concrete for engineered projects not only protects the ecological environment but also improves the utilization rate of waste concrete to satisfy sustainable development requirements.However,the mechanical properties of recycled concrete are not as good as those of ordinary concrete.To enhance the former’s performance and increase its popularity and application in engineeringfields,notable advances have been made by using steel,synthetic,plant,and mineralfiber materials.These materials are added to recycled concrete to improve its mechanical properties.Studies have shown that(1)steelfibers have a distinct reinforcing effect and improve the strength,toughness,and elastic modulus of recycled concrete;(2)the addition of syntheticfibers can improve the tension,crack resistance,and durability of concrete,but the size effect needs to be further explored and elaborated;(3)plantfiber concrete is lightweight and environmentally friendly and provides high toughness and good thermal insulation,but thefibers corrode in alkaline environments;in addition,plantfibers have high water absorption capacity,which leads to wet expansion and dry shrinkage phenomena,which need to be further studied;and(4)the cost of basaltfiber,a mineralfiber,is relatively low,and a suitable basalt content can improve the mechanical properties of recycled concrete to a certain extent.

Study of Immunotherapy and Intestinal Flora Changes in Patients with Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common major malignancies worldwide and has the third highest mortality rate of any malignancy. The current field of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma is multidisciplinary in involvement and a combination of therapeutic approaches, among which immunotherapy is the treatment modality for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. This review provides new ideas for developing immunotherapy regimens and improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with advanced liver cancer by summarising the progress of intestinal flora in the immunotherapy of patients with liver cancer.

EU Taxonomy:Overview of All“Green”Economic Activities as of June 2023

In June,the EU Commission published an update of the economic activities that can be classified as“green”.The article provides an updated tabular overview of now 152 economic activities in total,covering 17 sectors.In particular,the table shows in which of the four different delegated regulations the technical screening criteria for the economic activities are located.These are necessary in order to determine whether a concrete economic activity is taxonomy aligned.

大豆蛋白质含量QTL的“整合”及Overview分析

在物理整合的基础上,选用元分析方法将已发表的与蛋白质相关的QTL整合到物理整合中重复次数较多的6个QTL区间处,并且选用基于统计学原理的Overview方法进行优化,得到连锁群上QTL的有效遗传位置,最终筛选出稳定性较强的标记Satt127,研究结果为标记辅助鉴定提供了理论依据。

大豆株高QTL的“整合”及Overview分析

株高是作物株型的重要组成因子,与作物种植密度、抗倒伏性及产量等密切相关。文章利用Soybase数据库和文献报道的201个与大豆株高相关的QTL信息,在物理整合的基础上,采用软件BioMercator2.1进行元分析,得到15个株高的"通用"QTL,分别位于大豆的6号、7号、11号、13号和18号染色体。同时,利用基于统计学原理的Overview方法进行优化,将这些QTL位点的置信区间最小缩至0.1 cM,从而明确了QTL位点在染色体上的遗传位置。对重演性较好的QTL位点所对应的区段内的基因进行分析,初步筛选出可能与株高相关的候选基因17个。文章为大豆株高相关QTL位点的精细定位及分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。

基于Overview和物理图谱的大豆株高性状候选基因挖掘

为更加准确地挖掘大豆株高性状候选基因,本研究利用已有研究中与大豆株高性状相关的249个QTL位点,以大豆基因组物理图谱为背景进行整合,并通过Overview分析得到32个重演性较好的置信区间,分布在大豆D1b、N、C1、A1、C2、M、K、O、B1、F、J、D2、G和L连锁群上,其中D1b、A1、C2、M、F、L连锁群的重演性较好的置信区间较多。对候选区段进行基因注释,分析得出植物激素信号转导通路(ID:Ko04075)可能为大豆株高调控的主要通路,该通路与植物细胞增大、分化、茎生长、休眠、果实成熟和抗逆性等植物生理过程紧密相关。通路中13个候选基因与大豆株高性状相关,9个基因被注释为编码生长素响应蛋白,3个基因被注释为编码脱落酸相关蛋白,1个基因为GH3生长素响应启动子。本研究为挖掘大豆株型性状候选基因、构建大豆理想株型和促进分子辅助育种提供新思路。

大豆倒伏性相关QTL的整合及Overview分析

倒伏性是影响大豆产量的重要因素,发掘与大豆倒伏相关的基因对于培育抗倒伏优良高产大豆品种具有重要意义。目前利用不同群体所构建的遗传图谱已经定位了大量与大豆倒伏性相关的QTLs。本研究在对已报道的QTLs进行物理整合的基础上,选择元分析方法将这些倒伏性相关的QTLs进一步整合,鉴定出位于C2(6号染色体)、F(13号染色体)、L(19号染色体)这3个连锁群上重复次数较多的QTL区间6个。选用基于统计学原理的Overview方法进行优化,获得了这些QTL在各个连锁群上的有效遗传位置,这些QTL的置信区间长度最小可缩至0.2 cM。通过在这些区间内进一步筛选,获得一个稳定性较好的标记Satt277。本研究可为大豆抗倒伏基因发掘及分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论依据。

基于Overview和物理图谱的大豆主茎节数候选基因挖掘

利用与大豆主茎节数性状相关的54个原始QTL位点,应用Overview方法首次以大豆参考基因组物理图谱为背景进行整合和分析,得到11个重演性较好的置信区间,分布在大豆D1b、C2、B1、F、L和I连锁群上,其中L连锁群重演性较好的置信区间较多。对得到的候选区段进行基因注释得到488个候选基因,其中Glyma.11G087300、Glyma.20G014300、Glyma.13G221400、Glyma.06G243500、Glyma.13G052900、Glyma.13G052700参与植物激素信号转到通路(ID:Ko04075),推测这6个基因通过该通路的赤霉素途径和生长素途径参与大豆主茎节数的遗传调控。本研究所挖掘到的与茎生长发育及主茎节数直接相关的通路和候选基因能够为构建理想株型和大豆分子辅助育种提供新思路。

我国乡村旅游业的发展现状与前景

乡村旅游是发生在乡村地区,以乡村自然风光与乡村人文活动为吸引物,以农户为经营服务主体,以城市居民为主要目标市场,以满足旅游者观光、休闲、度假、学习、购物等各种需求为目的的旅游活动。我国乡村旅游兴起于20世纪80年代,虽然起步晚,但在旅游发展中。

Study of C-E Translation of Public Signs in China: Review and Reflection

In the last decade,Chinese scholars have made great achievements in the study of public sign translation.Their re-search findings are analyzed from the following perspectives:definition,functions and features of public signs;differences betweenChinese and English public signs;and related academic research.Reflection on the previous studies suggests that more empiricalstudies should be conducted under the guidance of translation theories in the future.

大豆结瘤相关QTL优化和候选基因挖掘

氮是植物生长必须的大量元素之一,大豆根瘤菌共生可以为大豆提供充足的氮元素。研究大豆根瘤菌共生机理,挖掘控制共生结瘤候选基因具有重要意义。鉴于现阶段关于调控大豆共生结瘤QTL区间大,无法直接应用到实际中,本实验整理了68个控制大豆结瘤的QTLs,通过Overview和共线性分析对其进行优化,在Gm06染色体上得到一个高置信QTLs区间对该区间进行了基因注释得到43个基因,其中包括一个控制C2钙/脂质结合和含GRAM结构域的蛋白质,一个侧根形成蛋白和一个E3泛素连接酶相关蛋白,并在CSSLs群体中查找该位置存在插入片段的株系进行结瘤性状鉴定。结果表明C2连锁群上的15-15.5Mb对于大豆根瘤菌共生结瘤有着至关重要的作用。

Strategy-based Listening Instruction: Possibilities and Impossibilities

Due to the covert nature of the listening process, English listening comprehension has become a demanding challenge for most EFL learners in China. Strategy-based listening instruction, with its more accurate insight into the listening process, could be one of the timely answers to the challenges facing Chinese EFL listeners. Starting with a comprehensive review of theories and studies on strategy-based listening instruction in recent Western academia, the current paper critically examined the possible advantages and the theoretical and practical limitations of strategy-based listening instruction.

激光共聚焦显微镜的Overview功能应用于古气候纹层学的扫描技巧

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(laser scanning confocal microscope,LSCM)的Overview功能,即对大视野的总览扫描,可以对视野的不同位置进行分别定焦,在扫描大图像过程中实现对焦面变化的平滑过渡,得到聚焦准确、亮度均衡的完整大图像。为了推广LSCM在古气候纹层学的应用,本文以古气候学研究载体-石笋为例,使用Nikon A1的Overview功能,通过LSCM软件功能的灵活运用,实现了其荧光微层的大视野扫描成像,为古气候纹层学的进一步发展提供支持。

Recent Progress in Studies of Climate Change in China

An overview of basic research on climate change in recent years in China is presented. In the past 100 years in China, average annual mean surface air temperature （SAT） has increased at a rate ranging from 0.03℃ （10 yr）-1 to 0.12℃ （10 yr）-1. This warming is more evident in northern China and is more significant in winter and spring. In the past 50 years in China, at least 27% of the average annual warming has been caused by urbanization. Overall, no significant trends have been detected in annual and/or summer precipitation in China on a whole for the past 100 years or 50 years. Both increases and decreases in frequencies of major extreme climate events have been observed for the past 50 years. The frequencies of extreme temperature events have generally displayed a consistent pattern of change across the country, while the frequencies of extreme precipitation events have shown only regionally and seasonally significant trends. The frequency of tropical cyclone landfall decreased slightly, but the frequency of sand/dust storms decreased significantly. Proxy records indicate that the annual mean SAT in the past a few decades is the highest in the past 400-500 years in China, but it may not have exceeded the highest level of the Medieval Warm Period （1000 1300 AD）. Proxy records also indicate that droughts and floods in eastern China have been characterized by continuously abnormal rainfall periods, with the frequencies of extreme droughts and floods in the 20th century most likely being near the average levels of the past 2000 years. The attribution studies suggest that increasing greenhouse gas （GHG） concentrations in the atmosphere are likely to be a main factor for the observed surface warming nationwide. The Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins underwent a cooling trend in summer over the past 50 years, which might have been caused by increased aerosol concentrations and cloud cover. However, natural climate variability might have been a main driver for the mean and extreme precipitation variations observed over the past century. Climate models generally perform well in simulating the variations of annual mean SAT in China. They have also been used to project future changes in SAT under varied GHG emission scenarios. Large uncertainties have remained in these model-based projections, however, especially for the projected trends of regional precipitation and extreme climate events.