The lack of association between different LDL-C levels and oxidized LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background:High concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)have been a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.Also,the role of oxidized LDL(ox-LDL)in forming atherosclerosis plaque has been proven.However,it has not yet been proven that atherogenic LDL-C byproducts like ox-LDL will decrease by keeping the LDL levels at the desired level.This study aimed to examine the relationship between LDL-C and ox-LDL in different LDL-C values in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,347 patients with T2D who received statins were enrolled.LDL-C values were defined into four groups as LDLC<55 mg/dL,55 mg/dL≤to<70 mg/dL,70 mg/dL≤to<100 mg/dL and LDLC≥100 mg/dL.Total cholesterol,triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and ox-LDL were studied in the four defined groups.Results:Ox-LDL levels were not different among the four groups(p=0.30).In addition,LDL-C and ox-LDL levels had no significant correlation(r=0.480,p=0.376).Additionally,based on this study analysis,ox-LDL levels were significantly correlated with TG levels(r=0.119,p<0.05)and TG/HDL ratio(r=0.390,p<0.01).Conclusions:It is concluded that ox-LDL levels were not associated with different LDL-C level categories from<55 mg/dL to>100 mg/dL in patients with T2D.However,the revealed association of ox-LDL with TG level and TG/HDL ratio may be considered in the clinic.

Novel findings in relation to multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects of XueZhiKang in humans

Background: Previous studies have clearly demonstrated that XueZhiKang (XZK), an extract of cholestin, can decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular events. However, the mechanism of the effects of XZK on athero-sclerosis (AS) in humans has been reported less frequently. In the present study, we investigated the impact of XZK on lipoprotein subfractions, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: From October 2015 to July 2016, 40 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 subjects with dyslipidemia received XZK 1200 mg/day for 8 weeks (XZK group); 20 additional healthy subjects who did not receive therapy acted as controls. The plasma lipoprotein subfractions, oxLDL, and IL-6 were examined at baseline and again at 8 weeks. Results: Data showed that XZK could significantly decrease not only plasma LDL-C levels (87.26 ± 24.45 vs. 123.34 ± 23.99, P<0.001), total cholesterol (4.14 ± 0.87 vs. 5.08 ± 1.03, P<0.001), triglycerides (0.95 ± 0.38 vs. 1.55 ± 0.61, P<0.05), and apolipoprotein B (1.70 ± 0.35 vs. 1.81 ± 0.72, P<0.05), but also oxLDL (36.36 ± 5.31 vs. 49.20 ± 15.01, P<0.05) and IL-6 (8.50 ± 7.40 vs. 10.40 ± 9.49, P<0.05). At the same time, XZK reduced the concentration of small LDL-C (1.78 ± 2.17 vs. 6.33 ± 7.78, P<0.05) and the percentage of the small LDL subfraction (1.09 ± 1.12 vs. 3.07 ± 3.09, P<0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with 1200 mg/day XZK for 8 weeks significantly decreased the atherogenic small LDL subfraction and reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, in addition to affecting the lipid profile, suggesting multiple beneficial effects in coronary artery disease.