Trends in oxycodone and oxycodone-containing analgesics administration for back pain in emergency departments in the USA(2007–2018)

BACKGROUND:To describe trends in oxycodone and oxycodone-containing analgesic prescribing for the treatment of back pain among adults in emergency departments(EDs) in the USA from 2007 to 2018.METHODS:Data were gathered from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey(NHAMCS) from 2007 to 2018.The study population included individuals of all ages presenting to USA EDs.The NHAMCS reasons for visit and oxycodone drug ID codes were used to isolate patients with back pain.The main outcome was the proportion of oxycodone and oxycodone-containing analgesics prescribed for back pain in the EDs over the specified time period.RESULTS:There was a relative decrease in the overall administration of oxycodone for back pain in the EDs by 62.3% from 2007(244,000 visits) to 2018(92,000 visits).The proportion of ED patients prescribed with oxycodone-containing analgesics for back pain increased among patients aged 45 years and older(from 43.8% to 57.6%),female patients(from 54.5% to 62.0%),black patients(from 22.5% to 30.4%),and Hispanic/Latino patients(from 9.4% to 19.6%).Oxycodone/acetaminophen was most prescribed and accounted for 90.2% of all oxycodone-containing analgesics in 2007,with a decrease to 68.5% in 2018.Pure oxycodone was the second most prescribed medication,accounting for 6.1% in 2007 and 31.5% in 2018.CONCLUSION:The overall number of oxycodone-containing analgesics decreased significantly from 2007 to 2018.However,that number trended upward in 45-year-old and older,female,black,or Hispanic/Latino patients from 2007 to 2018.The total amount of pure oxycodone increased significantly from 2007 to 2008.

工程教育中心何以推动科教融合——荷兰4TU工程教育中心的探索性单案例研究

工程教育中心作为建立在大学或研究机构中的跨学科交叉合作平台,是连接科学研究与教育实践的纽带,在高质量工程人才培养中发挥着重要作用。荷兰4TU工程教育中心利用4所顶尖理工大学在工程学科和教育领域的独特优势,积极与研发单位、教育单位、企业部门合作,通过将前沿科学研究彻底融入工程课程设计、教学模式等多个方面,形成了独具一格的科教融合工程人才培养模式。文章从战略目标、组织架构、运行机制、质量保障4个维度详实分析了4TU工程教育中心推动科教融合的内在机制,总结归纳其在主题项目设置、教育共同体形成、课程体系迭代、创新网络构建、内外部质量保障等方面的核心特征,期望对我国科教融合的工程教育改革与建设有所启示。

异氟烷麻醉对小鼠自发肌电及TUS/TMAS诱发肌电的影响

经颅超声刺激(TUS)和经颅磁声耦合刺激(TMAS)调控运动皮层效果明显,但受限于清醒状态动物难以束缚,已有研究大多在麻醉状态下进行,对麻醉减弱调控效果的分析集中于中枢神经系统。本研究记录了异氟烷麻醉下24只小鼠的肢体自发肌电和TUS/TMAS诱发肌电,定量分析了麻醉对自发肌电和诱发肌电发放率、潜伏期、时长和幅值的影响。结果显示,随着异氟烷输出浓度从0.40%增加至0.75%,每周期内小鼠自发肌电频次减少约50%,肌电发放时长变短,呈抑制状态;TUS/TMAS诱发肌电的成功率分别降低约50%和70%、潜伏期均延长约0.1 s、时长分别缩短约0.3和0.5 s,表明TUS/TMAS对运动皮层的调控效果随麻醉程度的加深而减弱。肢体自发和诱发肌电在发放率和时长上存在关联性特征,提示麻醉状态下小鼠自发肌电抑制状态可能是刺激效果减弱的影响因素之一。

沉默TUFM通过AMPK/mTOR信号通路调控线粒体自噬对肺源性心脏病模型大鼠肺动脉高压的影响

目的探讨线粒体翻译延伸因子Tu(TUFM)通过线粒体自噬促进肺动脉高压(PAH)血管重塑的作用机制。方法2022年1月—2023年6月于辽宁省人民医院中心实验室进行实验。将36只健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为空白对照(Ctrl)组、模型(PAH)组、TUFM过表达(OE)组、OE阴性对照(OE-NC)组、短发夹RNA(Sh)敲除TUFM(Sh)组和Sh-NC阴性对照(Sh-NC)组,每组6只。除Ctrl组外,其余大鼠均一次性腹腔注射1%野百合碱(60 mg/kg)诱导心源性肺水肿PAH大鼠模型;大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMC)在低氧(3%O 2)条件下培养24 h模拟体内肺动脉高压微环境,分为常氧(Norm)组、低氧(Hyp)组、小干扰RNA(SiRNA)-1组、SiRNA-2组、Si-NC组、OE-NC组和OE组。右心导管插管和脉冲多普勒超声检测大鼠肺血流动力学;苏木素-伊红染色检测肺小动脉病理结构;免疫荧光共染检测TUFM组织定位;细胞计数法检测细胞增殖;透射电镜观察线粒体结构和自噬小体;蛋白免疫印迹检测TUFM、自噬、凋亡和磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路相关蛋白表达。结果与Ctrl组比较,PAH组大鼠TUFM蛋白表达升高,且主要与PASMC标志物α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)在肺小动脉内膜存在共定位,而与内皮细胞标志物CD31无共定位,肺动脉收缩压(PASP)升高,肺动脉血流加速时间(PAAT)缩短,远端肺小动脉管壁呈向心性增厚,管腔狭窄几乎堵塞,TUFM、苄氯素1重组蛋白(BECN1)、人微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)II/I和B淋巴细胞瘤2(Bcl2)蛋白表达升高,P62、Bcl2相关X蛋白(Bax)和凋亡酶激活因子(Apaf)蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与PAH组比较,OE组PASP升高,PAAT缩短,肺小动脉管壁厚度升高,肺动脉TUFM、BECN1、LC3II/I和Bcl2表达升高,P62、Bax和Apaf表达降低(P<0.05);与PAH组比较,Sh组PASP降低,PAAT延长,肺小动脉管壁厚度和管腔狭窄度有所改善,TUFM、BECN1、LC3II/I和Bcl2表达降低,P62、Bax和Apaf表达升高(P<0.05)。与Norm组比较,Hyp组PASMC细胞TUFM蛋白表达升高;与Si-NC组细胞相比,SiRNA-1和SiRNA-2组P62、Bax蛋白表达升高,BECN1、LC3II/I、Bcl2、TUFM表达降低,线粒体结构完整,PASMC细胞增殖活性降低,细胞p-AMPK表达降低,p-mTOR表达升高(P<0.05);与OE-NC组比较,OE组细胞P62和Bax蛋白表达降低,BECN1、LC3II/I、Bcl2和TUFM表达升高,部分线粒体损伤崩解,嵴断裂消失,PASMC细胞增殖活性明显升高,细胞p-AMPK表达升高,p-mTOR表达降低(P<0.05)。结论沉默TUFM可通过激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路促进线粒体自噬加速PAH肺动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡。

绵羊肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

[目的]克隆绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae,Mo)EF-Tu基因,原核表达获得EF-Tu蛋白,制备抗EF-Tu蛋白的兔源多克隆抗体,为研究肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白的结构和功能奠定基础。[方法]采用重叠延伸PCR方法将pET-28a-EF-Tu质粒中EF-Tu基因中间的TGA密码子突变为TGG,并对测序结果与其他支原体参考株进行相似性比对和遗传进化分析,利用在线软件对其推测的蛋白序列进行生物信息学分析。将突变后的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞进行原核表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定,利用镍柱亲和层析法纯化,以纯化的EF-Tu融合蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,采用间接ELISA和Western blotting检测多克隆抗体效价及免疫反应性。[结果]试验成功突变了EF-Tu基因中TGA位点,并构建了融合表达His标签pET-28a-EF-Tu′原核表达载体。生物信息学分析表明,克隆的EF-Tu基因与绵羊肺炎支原体MoGH3-3菌株相似性最高,亲缘关系最近;编码387个氨基酸,无N-糖基化位点和跨膜区域,存在10个丝氨酸、20个苏氨酸、4个酪氨酸磷酸化位点,二级结构由无规则卷曲(35.14%)、α-螺旋(26.87%)、延伸链(26.87%)及β-转角(11.11%)构成。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,目的蛋白大小约为43 ku,蛋白纯化浓度为0.615 g/L。ELISA和Western blotting结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体效价可达1∶128 000,能够特异性识别EF-Tu融合蛋白,具有良好的免疫反应性。[结论]本研究成功突变了EF-Tu基因的TGA密码子,原核表达并纯化获得EF-Tu融合蛋白,制备其多克隆抗体效价为1∶128 000,为后续研究肺炎支原体EF-Tu蛋白结构和生物学功能及其疫苗研发提供了试验基础。

Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and oxycodone in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

A simple and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method was de- veloped and validated for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and oxycodone in human plasma. Acetaminophen-d4 and oxycodone-d3 were used as internal standards. The challenge en- countered in the method development that the high plasma concentration level of acetaminophen made the MS response saturated while the desired lower limit of quantification （LLOQ,） for oxycodone was hard to reach was well solved. The analytes were extracted by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The matrix effect of the analytes was avoided by chromatographic separation using a hydrophilic C18 column coupled with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion mode was performed on tandem mass spectrometer employing electrospray ion source. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 40.0-8000 ng/mL and 0.200-40.0 ng/mL for acetaminophen and oxycodone, respectively. This method, which could contribute to high throughput analysis and better clinical drug monitoring, was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Efficacy and safety of controlled-release oxycodone/naloxone versus controlled-release oxycodone in Korean patients with cancer-related pain: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Controlled-release oxycodone/naloxone(OXN-CR) maintains the effect of opioid-induced analgesia through oxycodone while reducing the occurrence rate of opioid-induced constipation through naloxone. The present study was designed to assess the non-inferiority of OXN-CR to controlled-release oxycodone(OX-CR) for the control of cancer-related pain in Korean patients.Methods: In this randomized, open-labeled, parallel-group, phase IV study, we enrolled patients aged 20 years or older with moderate to severe cancer-related pain [numeric rating scale(NRS) pain score ≥4] from seven Korean oncology/hematology centers. Patients in the intention-to-treat(ITT) population were randomized(1:1) to OXNCR or OX-CR groups. OXN-CR was administered starting at 20 mg/10 mg per day and up-titrated to a maximum of80 mg/40 mg per day for 4 weeks, and OX-CR was administered starting at 20 mg/day and up-titrated to a maximum of 80 mg/day for 4 weeks.The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in NRS pain score from baseline to week4, with non-inferiority margin of-1.5. Secondary endpoints included analgesic rescue medication intake, patientreported change in bowel habits, laxative intake, quality of life(QoL), and safety assessments.Results: Of the ITT population comprising 128 patients, 7 with missing primary efficacy data and 4 who violated the eligibility criteria were excluded from the efficacy analysis. At week 4, the mean change in NRS pain scores was not significantly different between the OXN-CR group(n = 58) and the OX-CR group(n = 59)(-1.586 vs.-1.559,P = 0.948). The lower limit of the one-sided 95% confidence interval(-0.776 to 0.830) for the difference exceeded the non-inferiority margin(P < 0.001). The OXN-CR and OX-CR groups did not differ significantly in terms of analgesic rescue medication intake, change in bowel habits, laxative intake, QoL, and safety assessments.Conclusions: OXN-CR was non-inferior to OX-CR in terms of pain reduction after 4 weeks of treatment and had a similar safety profile. Studies in larger populations of Korean patients with cancer-related pain are needed to further investigate the effectiveness of OXN-CR for long-term pain control and constipation alleviation.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01313780, registered March 8。

TU1无氧铜/316L不锈钢电子束焊接接头组织与性能

采用真空电子束焊分别对2mm、3mm、5mm不同厚度的TU1无氧铜板材和316L不锈钢板材进行异种材料焊接,并对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:焊缝区和热影响区呈现波浪形状,焊缝区存在不同程度的混合组织,接头母材区及热影响区的晶粒大小随铜钢板材厚度的增加而增加。TU1热影响区的晶粒明相比母材区,明显增大。焊缝区的硬度高于母材区。在电子束电流为10mA,加速电压为150kV,焊接速度为15mm/s的焊接参数下,2mm、3mm、5mm厚的接头抗拉强度分别是263MPa、174MPa、141MPa。2mm厚的拉伸式样断裂发生在TU1热影响区,而3mm和5mm厚拉伸式样断裂发生在焊缝处,即2mm厚的TU1无氧铜板材和316L不锈钢板材焊接接头抗拉性能最好。

Advances in the clinical application of oxycodone in the perioperative period

To review the research progress of pure opioid receptor agonist oxycodone.The research progress of oxycodone in terms of pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,adverse reactions,clinical application,combined medication and new progress in clinical application was summarized by referring to the literature.Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic thebaine derivative of opioid alkaloids,and is a pure opioidμandκreceptor agonist.The main action sites are the central nervous system and visceral smooth muscle.Due to its advantages of low adverse reactions,good analgesic effects,and a wide range of safe doses,the drug has been widely used in the control of acute and chronic postoperative pain,as well as malignant and non-malignant pain.Since the end of the 20^(th) century,researchers have begun to formulate antipyretic analgesics,opioid receptor agonists,opioid receptor antagonists,dopamine receptor antagonists and other drugs with oxycodone in different proportions to enhance the analgesic effect.At the same time,it can reduce the dosage of oxycodone and reduce its adverse reactions,so as to achieve the purpose of limiting opioid abuse.With the continuous research on the efficacy and safety of oxycodone in the perioperative period at home and abroad,oxycodone has become the only dual-opioid potent analgesic that can be used in clinical work.

Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone on systemic stress response in recovery of gynecological laparoscopic operation

Objective:To study the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone on systemic stress response in recovery period of gynecological laparoscopic operation.Methods:A total of 86 patients who received laparoscopic operation in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between June 2014 and December 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone group (DO group) and control group (C group). Before anesthesia induction (T1), at the end of the surgery and before micro pump injection of dexmedetomidine and oxycodone hydrochloride (T2) and in recovery period (T3), serum levels of pituitary-target gland axis-related hormones, vascular activity-related hormones and oxidative stress-related molecules were determined.Results: At T1 and T2, serum TSH, T3, T4, ACTH, Cor, NE, E, ADH, AT-II, ROS, MDA, SOD and HO-1 levels of DO group were not significantly different from those of C group;at T3, serum TSH, T3, T4, ACTH, Cor, NE, E, ADH, AT-II, ROS and MDA levels of DO group were significantly lower than those of C group while SOD and HO-1 levels were significantly higher than those of C group.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone can inhibit the systemic stress response in recovery of gynecological laparoscopic operation.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Oral Oxycodone and Oral Codeine in the Treatment of Post-Craniotomy Pain—A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Background: Post-craniotomy pain has been reported to be moderate to severe. Management of post-craniotomy pain is often inadequate, yet limited by the side effects of opioids. We aim to find out the efficacy of oral oxycodone as compared to oral codeine for the treatment of post-craniotomy pain in our institution. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial was used to evaluate the efficacy of oral oxycodone versus oral codeine. 40 patients were randomized to the control group of codeine (n = 20) or the experimental group receiving oxycodone (n = 20) in addition to regular oral paracetamol for both groups of patients. Results: There was no difference in the visual analogue scale scores at 24 hours (2.78 versus 1.85, p = 0.11) or side effects in the oxycodone group compared with the codeine group. Conclusions: Oral oxycodone had similar efficacy as oral codeine in the management of post-craniotomy pain.

Acura制药公司oxycodone口服速释片

羟二氢可待因酮（0xycodone）片剂——OxyADF2期临床试验显示该制剂具有潜在的戒瘾作用。

Development of controlled release bi-layered tablets containing oxycodone hydrochloride

Oxycodone hydrochloride is a semi-synthetic opioid agonist that provides very effective relief for moderate to severe pain in cancer and post-operative patients. Controlled release oxycodone formulations have been studied to enhance the therapeutic effect by providing constant release over the whole dosing interval and improve patient’s convenience by reducing the frequency of administration as well.

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2功能研究进展

延伸因子Tu GTP结合域蛋白2(elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing protein,EFTUD2)是剪接体复合物U5小核糖核蛋白的核心组件,通过调节剪接体的剪接功能进而调控相关基因的表达。本文旨在总结EFTUD2在免疫调节、胚胎发育和肿瘤进展等方面的重要作用。

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Oxycodone Versus Fentanyl for Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Postoperative Pain Management:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Backgroud:Intravenous opioid patient-controlled analgesia(IV-PCA)has been suggested as an effective method in postoperative pain management.There are several randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of comparison of oxycodone and fentanyl for IV-PCA in surgical patients.The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of oxycodone and fentanyl for IV-PCA in surgical patients from current data.Methods:The RCTs of oxycodone versus fentanyl for IV-PCA were gathered from PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,CNKI and VIP data.After data extraction and quality assessment of the included RCTs,the RevMan 5.3 software was applied for meta-analysis of numerical rating scale(NRS)scores,accumulated IV-PCA consumption of oxycodone and fentanyl,patient satisfaction,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV),and other adverse events(AEs).Results:Results reported from eight RCTs involving 600 patients are included in the meta-analysis.The NRS score at rest and upon movement of group oxycodone was significantly lower than that of group fentanyl(WMD=-3.85,95%CI-4.93^-2.76,P<0.00001;WMD=-4.31,95%CI-5.79^-2.84,P<0.00001);however,the incidence of PONV and dizziness was obviously increased in group oxycodone than in group fentanyl(OR=2.41,95%CI 1.60~3.63,P<0.0001;OR=3.69,95%CI 2.17~6.26,P<0.00001).Accumulated IV-PCA consumption in group oxycodone was less than in group fentanyl overall the 48 hours postoperatively(WMD=-12.11,95%CI-18.42^-5.80,P=0.0002).There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction between oxycodone and fentanyl(OR=0.73,95%CI 0.11~5.04,P=0.75).Conclusion:According to the evidence,this meta-analysis suggest that oxycodone for IV-PCA is superior to fentanyl in postoperative pain relief,whereas the higher incidence of PONV and dizziness was accompanied with oxycodone.Further large-scale,prospective,observational studies are needed to summarize and analyse the data to draw a fair conclusion.

Effects of oxycodone and fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on pain, immune response and stress response after laparoscopic surgery

Objective:To study the effects of oxycodone and fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia on pain, immune response and stress response after laparoscopic surgery.Methods:Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in Xianning Central Hospital between June 2015 and February 2017 were selected and randomly divided into oxycodone group and fentanyl group who received postoperative oxycodone and fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia respectively. 3 d after surgery and 5 d after surgery, the serum contents of pain-related transmitters, immune indexes, stress-related molecules as well as peripheral blood contents of immune cells were measured.Results: 3 d after surgery and 5 d after surgery, CRP, TNF-α, IL-8, sICAM-1, YKL-40, Cor, C-P, FT3, FT4 and HO-1 contents in serum of oxycodone group were significantly lower than those of fentanyl group whereas CD3+CD4+T cell and CD3+CD8+T cell contents in peripheral blood as well as C3 and C4 contents in serum were significantly higher than those of fentanyl group.Conclusion:oxycodone patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after laparoscopic surgery is better than fentanyl and can reduce the pain degree, inhibit the stress response and improve the immune response.

Analgesic effect of oxycodone combined with parecoxib sodium after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its influence on inflammatory stress response

Objective: To discuss the analgesic effect of oxycodone combined with parecoxib sodium after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and its influence on inflammatory stress response. Methods:A total of 260 patients with chronic cholecystitis who accepted laparoscopic cholecystectomy in this hospital between December 2016 and May 2017 were divided into control group (n=130) and oxycodone group (n=130) by random number table method. Control group received morphine combined with parecoxib sodium analgesia after operation, and oxycodone group received oxycodone combined with parecoxib sodium analgesia after operation. The differences in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and stress hormones were compared between the two groups immediately after operation (T0), 12 h after operation (T1) and 24 h after operation (T3). Results: At T0, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of pain mediators, inflammatory mediators and stress hormones between the two groups. At T1 and T2, serum pain mediators PGE2, NPY, SP and NGF levels of oxycodone group were lower than those of control group whereas β-EP levels were higher than those of control group;serum inflammatory mediators CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αlevels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones Cor, NE and INS levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Oxycodone combined with parecoxib sodium analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy can effectively relieve the pain perception and inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and stress response.

Effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia on serum inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter index and immune function in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective:To investigate the effect of oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia on serum inflammatory factors, neurotransmitter index and immune function in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: According to random data table, 113 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into control group (n=57) and observation group (n=56), patients in the control group were treated with sufentanil citrate injection analgesia, and the observation group patients were given oxycodone hydrochloride injection analgesia, level of serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], neurotransmitter index [5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), P substance] and immune function index [CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+] of two groups between preoperative and postoperative 1d were compared.Results: There were no significant difference in level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ between the two groups preoperative. Compared with the level of the same group preoperative, at postoperative 1 d level of TNF-α, IL-6, 5-HT, P substance, CD8+were significantly increased, moreover level in the observation group were significantly lower compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant;Postoperative 1 d, level of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than the preoperative level within the group, and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion: Oxycodone hydrochloride injection preemptive analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factors and neurotransmitter index release, improve immune function, has an important clinical value.

New Photometric Investigations of G-type Contact Binary TU Boo

Two sets of CCD photometric observations for contact binary TU Boo were obtained in 2020 and 2021.Different from its asymmetric light curves published from the literature,our BVRcIc-band curves show that the heights of maximum are almost equal.These distortions of light curves possibly indicate that the components were active in past 25 yr,but they were stable in the last two years.For total-eclipse binary TU Boo,due to some star-spots on the surface of the components,the physical structure obtained by many investigators are different.Therefore,the symmetric multi-color light curves in 2020,2021 are important for understanding configuration and evolution of this system.By using the Wilson–Devinney program,it is confirmed that TU Boo is an A-type shallow-contact binary with the temperature difference ofΔT=152 K and fill-out of f=14.67%.In the O−C diagram of orbital period analysis,a cyclic oscillation superimposed on a continuous decrease was determined.The long-term decreasing is often explained by the mass transfer from the more massive star to less massive one,this system will evolve into a deeper contact binary with time.The cyclic oscillations computed from much more CCD times of light minimum maybe result from the light-travel time effect via the presence of a third body.These characters of structure,evolution and ternary belong to typical A-type W UMa binaries with spectral G.

河北赤城话“VP+tu■^(53)”结构

河北赤城话中“VP+tu■^(53)”结构表示未然、假设等语义,在对VP的选择上,动作动词、存现动词、趋向动词、能愿动词可以进入此结构,动宾短语、状中短语、动补短语、连动短语可以进入此结构,自主性动词和非自主性动词都可以进入,动态形容词也可以进入此结构。“VP+tu■^(53)”结构主要有VP+tu■^(53)、VO+tu■^(53)、V+tu■^(53)+O、VC+tu■^(53)、VC+O+tu■^(53)等格式类型。“VP+tu■^(53)”结构在时体意义上有将要开始、将要完成等表示未然的意义,在语义上表示条件关系和假设关系。与“的时候”相比,“VP+tu■^(53)”结构语法位置自由度高,语义内涵较为狭窄,在语言使用上存在代际差异。