The Magnetic Longitudinal (P-) Wave’s Propagation and Energy Models Underlying the Mechanisms of Its Capacity to Absorb Free Energy

The longitudinal wave term within Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) underwent recovery to ensure its suitability for theoretical derivation of the equation governing longitudinal electromagnetic (LEM) waves. The revised Maxwell’s equations include the crucial parameters being the attenuation time constants of magnetic vortex potential and electric vortex potential generated by external electromagnetic field within the propagation medium. Specific expressions for them are obtained through theoretical analysis. Subsequently, a model for propagating magnetic P-wave generated by the superposition of a left-handed photo and a right-handed photon in a vacuum is formulated based on reevaluated total current law and revised Faraday’s law, covering wave equations, energy equation, as well as propagation mode involving mutual induction and conversion between scalar magnetic field and vortex electric field. Furthermore, through theoretical derivations centered around magnetic P-wave, evidence was presented regarding its ability to absorb huge free energy through the entangled interaction between zero-point vacuum energy field and the torsion field produced by the vortex electric field.

Effect of seawater on incident plane P and SV waves at ocean bottom and engineering characteristics of offshore ground motion records off the coast of southern California, USA

The effect of seawater on vertical ground motions is studied via a theoretical method and then actual offshore ground motion records are analyzed using a statistical method. A theoretical analysis of the effect of seawater on incident plane P and SV waves at ocean bottom indicate that on one hand, the affected frequency range of vertical ground motions is prominent due to P wave resonance in the water layer if the impedance ratio between the seawater and the underlying medium is large, but it is greatly suppressed if the impedance ratio is small; on the other hand, for the ocean bottom interface model selected herein, vertical ground motions consisting of mostly P waves are more easily affected by seawater than those dominated by SV waves. The statistical analysis of engineering parameters of offshore ground motion records indicate that:(1) Under the infl uence of softer surface soil at the seafl oor, both horizontal and vertical spectral accelerations of offshore motions are exaggerated at long period components, which leads to the peak spectral values moving to a longer period.(2) The spectral ratios(V/H) of offshore ground motions are much smaller than onshore ground motions near the P wave resonant frequencies in the water layer; and as the period becomes larger, the effect of seawater becomes smaller, which leads to a similar V/H at intermediate periods(near 2 s). These results are consistent with the conclusions of Boore and Smith(1999), but the V/H of offshore motion may be smaller than the onshore ground motions at longer periods(more than 5 s).

Diffraction of plane SV waves by a cavity in poroelastic half-space

This paper presents an indirect boundary integration equation method for diffraction of plane SV waves by a 2-D cavity in a poroelastic half-space.The Green＇s functions of compressive and shear wave sources are derived based on Biot＇s theory. The scattered waves are constructed using fictitious wave sources close to the boundary of the cavity, and their magnitudes are determined by the boundary conditions. Verification of the accuracy is performed by： （1） checking the satisfaction extent of the boundary conditions, （2） comparing the degenerated solutions of a single-phased case with well- known solutions, and （3） examining the numerical stability of the solutions. The nature of diffraction of plane SV waves around a cavity in a poroelastic half-space is investigated by numerical examples.

A series solution for surface motion amplification due to underground twin tunnels:incident SV waves

A series solution of displacement response of the ground surface in the presence of underground twin tunnels subjected to excitation of incident plane SV waves is derived by using Fourier-Bessel series expansion method.The numerical parametric study shows that underground twin tunnels significantly amplify the nearby surface ground motion.It is suggested that the effect of subways on ground motion should be considered when the subways are planned and designed.

2.5D scattering of incident plane SV waves by a canyon in layered half-space

This paper presents a 2.5D scattering of incident plane SV waves by a canyon in a layered half-space by using the indirect boundary element method （IBEM）. A free field response analysis is performed to provide the displacements and stresses on the boundary of the canyon where fictitious uniform moving loads are applied to calculate the Green＇s fi.mctions for the displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the loads are determined by the boundary conditions. The free field displacements are added to the fictitious uniform moving loads induced displacements and the total response is obtained. Numerical calculations are performed for a canyon with homogenous and in one layer over bedrock. The effects of the thickness and stiffness of the layer on the amplification are studied and discussed.

Dynamic soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space for incident P-and SV-waves

The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by the model of a rigid tunnel embedded in layered half-space, which is simplified as a single soil layer on elastic bedrock to the excitation of P- and SV-waves. The indirect boundary element method is used, combined with the Green＇ s function of distributed loads acting on inclined lines. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space are different much from that in homoge- neous half-space, and that the mechanism of soil-tunnel interaction is also different much from that of soil-founda- tion-superstructure interaction. For oblique incidence, the tunnel response for in-plane incident SV-waves is com- pletely different from that for incident SH-waves, while the tunnel response for vertically incident SV-wave is very similar to that of vertically incident SH-wave.

Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical hill for incident plane SV waves: Analytical solution

An analytical solution for surface motion of a semi-cylindrical hill for incident plane SV waves was derived by using the wave function expansion method and the auxiliary function technique, and convergence of the solution and accuracy of truncation were verified. The effect of incident frequency and angle as well as hill width on the surface motion of the hill was discussed by numerical examples. It was shown that, a hill greatly amplifies incident plane SV waves, and the maximal amplification may reach 4 times of that for free-field response; and for incident waves of low frequency, the maximal displacement amplitudes emerge mostly at the half-space, however, for incident waves of high frequency, the maximal displacement amplitudes appear mostly at the hill.

Effects of a covering layer in a circular-arc canyon on incident plane SV waves

An analytical solution for scattering of incident plane SV waves by a circular-arc canyon with a covering layer was derived by Fourier-Bessel series expansion technique, and the solution was utilized to analyze the effects of the covering layer on incident plane SV waves. It was shown that the covering layer in a canyon, even if it is very thin, amplifies incident plane SV waves tremendously, and the amplification can be two and half times more than that for a simple canyon; the stiffness and thickness of the covering layer also have great effects on incident plane SV waves.

Mapping crustal S-wave velocity structure with SV-component receiver function method

In this article, we analyze the characters of SV-component receiver function of teleseismic body waves and its advantages in mapping the S-wave velocity structure of crust in detail. Similar to radial receiver function, SV-component receiver function can be obtained by directly deconvolving the P-component from the SV-component of teleseismic recordings. Our analyses indicate that the change of amplitude of SV-component receiver function against the change of epicentral distance is less than that of radial receiver function. Moreover, the waveform of SV-component receiver function is simpler than the radial receiver function and gives prominence to the PS converted phases that are the most sensitive to the shear wave velocity structure in the inversion. The synthetic tests show that the convergence of SV-component receiver function inversion is faster than that of the radial receiver function inversion. As an example, we investigate the S-wave velocity structure beneath HIA sta-tion by using the SV-component receiver function inversion method.

INVESTIGATION ON THE SCATTERINGOF ELASTIC WAVES (P OR SV) BY A PLANEINTERFACE CRACK IN LAYERED MEDIA

In this paper, the scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in Layered media is investigated. By Fourier integral transform, the method of transfer matrix is extended to the scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in layered media, and the problems are reduced to a set of dual integral equations in matrix form. As an example, the far field modes of scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in a layered half space have been presented. Amplitudes in far field modes are plotted versus incident wave frequency for several groups of different material combinations, and the numerical results show that resonance peaks occur at some frequencies. The frequencies at which the resonanse peaks occur for P and SV waves are almost the same.

TI介质中P-SV波传播的SBP-SAT模拟

基于速度-应力形式的弹性波动方程,采用分部求和和同时逼近项技术建立的SBP-SAT方法,推导了横向各向同性(transversely isotropy,TI)介质的矩阵对称型(symmetric matrix form,SMF)弹性波动方程离散形式,并通过能量法进行了稳定性分析。将该方法应用于倾斜横向各向同性(tilted transverse isotropic,TTI)介质模型、垂直横向各向同性(transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry,VTI)介质和含裂缝及曲线域的复杂介质模型,对所得的速度幅值和单炮记录分析并总结规律;对不同时间步长、单元网格数的结果进行对比,得出计算效率并验证该方法在求解P-SV波传播问题上的正确性。数值模拟结果表明,该方法模拟精度高,适用性好,在地震数值模拟领域有很好的应用价值和前景。

多空沟对弹性波的散射及隔振性能分析:平面P-SV波入射

在地基振动控制中,较浅的单空沟由于散射效率低,隔振效果并不理想,而多空沟可以通过提高散射效率而达到理想的隔振效果。根据弹性动力学基本理论,在复数域上进行波函数展开,由空沟周边应力自由边界条件,并借助保角映射理论和多极坐标变换技术建立了问题的控制方程,给出了多空沟对平面P‑SV波散射的解析解答。以双空沟为例,参数分析了激励频率、空沟长度和空沟间距等因素对隔振效果的影响规律。结果表明:双空沟的隔振效果明显优于单空沟,并且随着空沟长度增加,隔振效果越好;存在一定的空沟间距使双空沟能发挥出更好的隔振效果。

Broadband Analytical Solution to the Scattering of Plane SV Waves by Circular Cylindrical Canyons

Based on Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,an analytical solution to 2-D scattering ofincident plane SV waves by circular cylindrical canyons with variable depthto-width ratios is deduced in this paper. Unlike other analytical solutions,this paper uses the asymptotic behavior of the cylindrical function to directly define the undetermined coefficients of scattered waves,thus,avoiding solving linear equation systems and the related numerical computation problems under high-frequency incident waves,thereby broadening the applicable frequency range of analytical solutions. Through comparison with existing analytical solutions,the correctness of this solution is demonstrated. Finally, the incident plane SV wave scattering effect under circular cylindrical canyons in wider frequency bands is explored.

Prestack reverse-time depth migration of arbitrarily wide-angle wave equations

Based on arbitrarily wide-angle wave equations,a reverse-time propagation scheme is developed by substituting the partial derivatives of depth and time with central differences. The partial derivative of horizontal direction is replaced with high order difference. The imaging condition is computed by solving the eikonal equations. On the basis of above techniques,a prestack reverse-time depth migration algorithm is developed. The processing exam-ples of synthetic data show that the method can remove unwanted internal reflections and decrease the migration noise. The method also has the advantage of fidelity and is applicable of dip angle reflector imaging.

Earthquake relocation and 3-dimensional crustal structure of P-wave velocity in cen-tral-western China

采用中国中西部地区(2l°～36°N，98°～112°E)193个地震台在1992～1999年间记录到的9988次地震的Pg和Sg震相走时的读数资料，用Roecker的SPHYPIT90程序，反演了该地区三维地壳P波速度结构，并用SPHREL3D90程序进行了地震的重新定位．反演结果揭示了中国中西部地区地震P波速度结构明显的横向不均匀性，这些不同深度上波速的横向变化多以该地区的活动断裂为分界线．可以看出活动断裂两侧存在明显的速度反差．通过重新定位，得到了6459次地震的震源参数，这些精确定位的地震震中明显沿该区活动断裂呈现条带状分布，其范围和尺度清晰地表示了这一地区地震活动与活动断裂的紧密关系．其中，82％重新精确定位的事件的震源深度在20km以内．这一结果与笔者用双差地震定位法得到的重新定位的震源深度分布相一致．

Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure of the crust beneath Hainan Island and its adjacent regions,China

Using over 3 500 first P arrival times recorded by nine digital seismic stations from Hainan Digital Seismic Net-work during 1999～2005,a 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust under Hainan Island and adjacent regions has been determined. The results show that the pattern of velocity anomalies in the shallower upper crust is somewhat associated with the surface geological tectonics in the region. A relative low-velocity anomaly appears north of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone and a relative high-velocity anomaly appears south of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone,corresponding to the depressed areas in north Hainan Island,where many volcanoes are frequently active and geothermal values are relatively higher,and the uplifted and stable regions in central and south of the Hainan Is-land. In the middle and lower crust velocities are relatively lower in east Hainan than those in west Hainan,possi-bly suggesting the existence of the upwelling of hot materials from the mantle in east Hainan. The pattern of veloc-ity anomalies also indicates that NW faults,i.e.,the Puqian-Qinglan fault,may be shallower,while the E-W Wangwu-Wenjiao fault may be deeper,which perhaps extends down to Moho depth or deeper.

Scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc layered alluvial valleys: An analytical solution

An analytical solution for scattering of plane P waves by circular-arc layered alluvial valleys was derived by Fourier-Bessel series expansion technique, and the solution was utilized to analyze the effects of alluvial sequence and their relative stiffness on the scattering of incident waves.

基于分形维数的高速铁路地震预警系统地震P波震相识别方法

为更好保障高速铁路的运营安全,高速铁路地震预警系统的实施十分必要。5级以下的小震事件占据地震事件的95%以上,提高高速铁路预警系统在小震震相识别的速度与精度能有效保障高铁安全运营。提出一种基于分形维数的地震震相识别算法,优化传统分形维数的计算方法,提高分形维数的计算速度。引入分形斜率曲线并划分为4个阶段,分析临界点的分形斜率特征,通过识别分形斜率极值时刻判断地震波精准到达时刻。提出的算法平均误差达到0.006 3 s,标准差达到0.043 8 s,满足高速铁路地震预警系统的时效性和准确度要求。

近断层SV波斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应研究

随着越来越多的水利工程在西部地区发震断裂带建设,使得水利工程遭遇近场地震动的概率也越来越大。近断层地震动由于埋深较浅,地震波垂直入射的假定已不再适用,而目前关于进水塔近断层地震动斜入射下的地震响应研究尚少。以某工程进水塔为例,建立了进水塔三维塑性损伤有限元分析模型,分析了近断层脉冲地震动SV波多角度斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应。结果表明:与地震波垂直入射相比较,近断层地震动SV波斜入射下塔顶位移、加速度响应有明显增大,并且随着角度的增大,塔体损伤面积和损伤程度均有所增大。

心电图P波参数联合体质量指数在阵发性房颤患者消融术后复发预测中的应用价值

目的探讨心电图P波参数联合体质量指数(BMI)在阵发性房颤(PAF)患者射频消融术后复发预测中的应用价值。方法回顾性选取2021年3月—2022年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院心脏中心收治PAF消融术后患者109例为研究对象,根据术后1年内复发情况分为复发组(n=24)和未复发组(n=85)。109例PAF患者均于术前及术后24 h内行12导联心电图检测。收集患者术前BMI、左心房内径(LAD)等临床资料并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析PAF患者术后复发的影响因素;采用ROC曲线分析P波参数联合BMI对PAF患者术后复发的预测价值。结果109例PAF患者中术后1年内复发24例,复发率22.02%。复发组房颤病程、高血压占比、LAD、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)以及BMI均高于未复发组(t/χ^(2)/P=2.559/0.012、5.827/0.016、4.557/<0.001、5.254/<0.001、4.436/<0.001)。复发组术前P波时限(PWD)、最大PWD(Pmax)及P波离散度(Pd)均较未复发组显著升高(t=5.617、4.005、9.078,P均<0.001)。多因素Logistic分析显示,BMI、LAD、NLR、高血压、PWD、Pmax及Pd均为PAF患者术后复发的危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.163(1.008~1.342)、1.256(1.024~1.540)、1.458(1.106~1.922)、1.435(1.045~1.971)、1.509(1.136~2.005)、1.157(1.005~1.332)、1.714(1.308~2.246)]。四者联合预测PAF患者术后复发的AUC优于PWD、Pmax、BMI各自单独预测效能(Z/P=2.017/0.044、2.476/0.013、2.788/0.005),而与Pd单独预测的AUC比较,差异无统计学意义(Z/P=1.946/0.052)。结论BMI、LAD、NLR、高血压、PWD、Pmax及Pd是PAF患者术后复发的影响因素,术前PWD、Pmax和Pd联合BMI对PAF患者术后复发具有较高预测价值。