Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

乳腺癌超声图像特征与P53、PIK3CA蛋白表达状态相关性的研究

目的通过观测乳腺癌的超声图像特征,分析其与P53、PIK3CA蛋白表达的相关性。方法回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年10月本院经病理证实为乳腺癌的101例女性患者的临床资料,在获取病理前均行超声检查。二维超声用于观察乳腺癌大小、形态、边界、纵横比、后方回声以及有无微钙化,彩色多普勒超声用于观察病灶内部以及周边的血流情况。采用SP免疫组化法检测P53、PIK3CA蛋白的表达情况,分析其与超声图像特征的相关性。结果101例乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料显示,P53、PIK3CA的蛋白表达情况与乳腺癌病理亚型均具有相关性(χ^(2)=9.259、P=0.026,χ^(2)=7.927,P=0.048)。在超声图像特征中,血流强度、病灶后方回声衰减与P53蛋白表达具有相关性;病灶最长直径、病灶形态与PIK3CA蛋白表达具有相关性。P53蛋白表达阳性患者病灶血流信号丰富组(χ^(2)=8.191,P=0.004)和存在后方回声衰减组(χ^(2)=11.279、P<0.001)均高于阴性者,PIK3CA蛋白表达阳性患者声像图中的最长直径小于阴性者(t=2.132,P=0.036),而PIK3CA蛋白表达阳性患者病灶形态不规则比例(χ^(2)=4.551、P<0.033)高于阴性者。多因素Logistic回归表明,富血供是P53蛋白表达的影响因素,OR值为2.35[95%CI(1.11,5.74)];病灶形态不规则是PIK3CA蛋白表达的影响因素,OR值为4.58[95%CI(1.35,18.48)]。结论乳腺癌超声图像特征与P53、PIK3CA蛋白表达具有相关性,可以为临床诊疗乳腺癌提供重要的价值。

CRISPR/Cas9系统介导的p53基因突变促进树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖活性

目的:利用CRISPR/Cas9系统在树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞中敲除p53基因并检测其增殖活性。方法:通过生物信息学方法对树鼩和15种哺乳动物的p53蛋白氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,根据树鼩基因组信息设计可编辑树鼩p53突变位点sgRNA,构建lenti CRISPR v2-sgp53基因编辑重组质粒,用293T细胞进行慢病毒包装,感染树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞,嘌呤霉素筛选多克隆细胞并扩增;通过测序确定基因编辑效果。采用CCK8法检测细胞增殖活性,采用western blotting验证p53蛋白表达水平。结果:与人p53和小鼠p53氨基酸序列同源性(96.92%)相比,人p53和树鼩p53的氨基酸序列同源性(98.21%)更高。进化树分析显示,与小鼠相比,人与树鼩的亲缘关系更近。成功构建了3个靶向树鼩p53编辑的重组载体:lenti CRISPR v2-sgp53-g1、lenti CRISPR v2-sgp53-g2、lenti CRISPR v2-sgp53-g3,均成功在树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞上实现p53基因编辑产生突变,导致p53功能丧失,p53的突变提高了树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞的增殖能力。经药筛后的树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞p53基因敲除成功,p53蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统成功使树鼩骨骼肌卫星细胞p53基因突变、功能丧失,为后续树鼩p53基因敲除模型的建立提供了重要的分子生物学基础。

P53、CA125半衰期、HE4在上皮性卵巢癌预后中的研究进展

早期卵巢癌(OC)由于缺乏有效的监测指标,通常在晚期才被诊断出来,而早期OC生存率明显高于晚期,晚期OC总体5年生存率约为47%,而对于占比最高的上皮性卵巢癌(EOC),5年生存率则不到30%。目前EOC的主要治疗方案包括规范的分期手术、减瘤术及术后辅助化疗,但预后不佳,容易出现化疗耐药及术后复发,因此选择更有意义的指标来评估EOC病人的恢复情况,提高病人的生存率尤为重要。近年来研究发现癌组织中P53的表达、血清中癌抗原125(CAl25)含量的变化及人附睾蛋白4(HE4)的含量在EOC患者的预后中有较好的预测效果,本文就P53、CAl25半衰期及HE4在EOC预后中的研究进行综述。

基于p38 MAPK信号通路探讨生慧颗粒对AD模型大鼠EC与CA1区影响及作用机制

目的观察生慧颗粒对东莨菪碱致痴呆模型大鼠EC与CA1区影响,基于p38 MAPK信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法40只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、生慧颗粒组、多奈哌齐组4组,使用东莨菪碱进行造模处理。使用Morris水迷宫及旷场实验对大鼠认知及焦虑行为进行评价。使用HE染色观察EC与CA1区神经损伤。使用c-Fos免疫荧光染色观察EC与CA1区神经元活性。使用Western blot对p38MAPK通路相关蛋白进行检测。结果行为学实验发现生慧颗粒可以改善AD模型大鼠认知障碍及焦虑样行为。HE染色结果表明生慧颗粒对EC与CA1区具有保护作用。c-Fos免疫荧光染色结果表明生慧颗粒可提高EC与CA1区神经元活性。Western blot结果发现生慧颗粒可以下调海马Bax蛋白表达及p38、Tau磷酸化水平,提高Bcl-2蛋白表达。结论生慧颗粒对AD模型大鼠EC与CA1区均具有保护作用,可能通过p38MAPK信号通路起到治疗作用。

Influence of Ca/P ratio on the catalytic performance of hydroxyapatite for decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid

Methacrylic acid,an important organic chemical,is commercially manufactured starting from fossil feedstock.The decarboxylation of itaconic acid derived for biomass is a green route to the synthesis of methacrylic acid.In view of the problems existing in the researches on this route such as use of noble metal catalyst,harsh reaction conditions and low desired-product yield,we prepared a series of hydroxyapatite catalysts with different Ca/P molar ratios and evaluated their catalytic performance.The results showed that the hydroxyapatite catalyst with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.58 had the best catalytic activity.The highest yield of MAA up to 61.2%was achieved with basically complete conversion of itaconic acid under the suitable reaction conditions of 1 equivalent of NaOH,2 MPa of N_(2),250℃,and 2 h.On this basis,a reaction network for the decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid catalyzed by hydroxyapatite was established.With the aid of catalyst characterization using X-ray powder diffraction,NH3/CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,N_(2)physisorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy,we found that the distribution of surface acid sites and basic sites,crystal growth orientation,texture properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite varied with the Ca/P molar ratio.Furthermore,the change of the crystal growth orientation and its influence on the surface acidity and alkalinity were clarified.

Morphotype dependence of Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer Mg/Ca ratios in the western tropical Pacific:implications for reconstructing the mixed-layer depth

Planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber(white)and Trilobatus sacculifer are the most frequently used mixedlayer dwelling species for reconstructing past oceanic environments.Specifically,the Mg/Ca ratios of these two foraminiferal species have been used for reconstructing tropical/subtropical changes in sea surface temperature(SST).However,these two species have different morphotypes,of which the spatial and temporal differences in Mg/Ca ratios and their influencing factors are still unclear.Our objective is to investigate the potential differences between the Mg/Ca ratios of these different morphotypes of G.ruber(white)and T.sacculifer in the western Philippine Sea(WPS)and determine their implications for the reconstruction of SST and upper-ocean structure.Mg/Ca measurements are made on two basic morphotypes of G.ruber(white)[sensu stricto(s.s.)and sensu lato(s.l.)]and T.sacculifer[with(w)and without(w/o)a sac-like final chamber]on samples of Site MD06-3047B from the WPS.Our results reveal that Mg/Ca ratios of different G.ruber morphotypes show consistent differences;and those of T.sacculifer morphotypes show staged variations since MIS 3.It is suggested to select a single morphotype for reconstructing SST changes using the Mg/Ca ratios of G.ruber and T.sacculifer in the WPS.Furthermore,the Mg/Ca ratios between G.ruber s.s.and G.ruber s.l.[Δ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)]downcore MD06-3047B covaries with indexes of summer monsoon.Combining with the core-top results,showing regional variation of differences in theΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)over the western tropical Pacific,we propose thatΔ(Mg/Ca)_(G.ruber s.s.-s.l.)may tend to reflect summer mixed layer depth.

Mg/Ca,Ba/Ca,and S/Ca ratios as environmental and growth proxies for bivalve shells from the Haima cold seep,South China Sea

Bivalve shell fossils,cemented by authigenic carbonates,are widely spread in the Haima cold seep,Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea(SCS).In this study,we examined an element profile of Gigantidas platifrons in the Haima cold seeps at a water depth of 1381 m.Based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)analyses,the prismatic layer and nacreous layer were identified,which are characterized by prismatic structure and stratified structure,respectively.In addition,the profile can be subdivided into two parts:altered and unaltered zones.Laser inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-MS)mapping shows that the element concentrations of the altered zones were influenced by the authigenic carbonate rocks,whereas the element concentrations of unaltered zones remain stable.In-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)analyses show that the mineral constituent of the prismatic layer is mainly composed of aragonite.Along with the growth profile,Mg/Ca ratios of unaltered zones have minor variations,ranging 0.72-0.97 mmol/mol(mean=0.87 mmol/mol),with estimated temperatures of 3.8-4.1℃,indicating that the temperature of the surrounding seawater remains constant and agree with the measured data of 3.9℃which was conducted by a conductivity-temperature-depth system(CTD).The minor variations of Ba/Ca ratios(0.01-0.06 mmol/mol;mean=0.04 mmol/mol)indicate a relatively stabilized salinity of the surrounding seawater.S/Ca ratios show large variations of 0.04-4.15 mmol/mol(mean=1.37 mmol/mol).S/Ca ratios have regular variations which generally correspond to the variations of the Mg/Ca ratios,highlighting that the S/Ca ratios of bivalve shells show the potential to reflect the growth rate of the Gigantides.However,further studies should be carried out on the understanding of the links between the S/Ca ratios and seepage intensity of cold-seep fluids.

腹部推拿对UC模型大鼠背根神经节PLC/IP3R/Ca2+信号通路及AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察腹部推拿干预溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠后,对大鼠背根神经节PLC/IP3R/Ca^(2+)信号通路及AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达的影响,从而探讨腹部推拿对溃疡性结肠炎内脏高敏感的作用机制。方法:将36只SPF级大鼠分成空白组、模型组、推拿组、美沙拉嗪组4组,除空白组自由饮用蒸馏水外,其余各组采用自由饮5%葡聚糖硫酸钠溶液(DSS)的方法制备大鼠UC模型。造模第2日起推拿组采用腹部推拿进行干预,美沙拉嗪组进行美沙拉嗪溶液进行灌胃,空白组、模型组仅俯卧位束缚固定于固定器中。干预15日后,采用邻-甲酚酞络合铜比色法检测背根神经节(DRG)细胞钙离子浓度;ELISA法检测DRG组织中磷脂酶C(PLC)、肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸(IP3)、肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸受体(IP3R)的表达,WesternBlot检测DRG组织中蛋白激酶B(AKT)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)蛋白表达。结果:与模型组比较,推拿组大鼠DRG细胞Ca^(2+)浓度和DRG组织中IP3、IP3R含量呈降低趋势,其中DRG细胞Ca^(2+)浓度有显著差异(P<0.01),其他指标的组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);推拿组DRG组织中PLC含量及AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达呈增加趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹部推拿抑制UC内脏高敏感性,其作用机制可能与抑制PLC-IP3R-Ca^(2+)信号通路和促进UC大鼠背根神经节AKT激活有关。

极度不成熟儿血清Ca、P、AKP的动态变化分析

目的探讨极度不成熟儿血清Ca、P、AKP动态变化规律。方法分析我院2021年1月1日至2022年10月1日收治并符合纳入标准的极度不成熟儿的患儿88例,其中男59例,女29例;按照胎龄分为3个小组;其中25~25^(+6)周组,合计13例;26~26^(+6)周组,合计22例,27~27^(+6)周组,合计53例。所有患者除常规的治疗外,生后第二天补充维生素AD、维生素D、元素钙、元素磷等;收集患儿生后2周、4周、6周、8周的血清进行Ca、P、AKP检测。结果胎龄26~26^(+6)周组在生后6周和生后8周时段血清Ca浓度明显低于胎龄27~27^(+6)周组(P<0.05);生后8周时,胎龄25~25^(+6)周组、27~27^(+6)周的血清AKP浓度明显高于26~26^(+6)周组(P<0.05);胎龄25~25^(+6)周组、26~26^(+6)周组、27~27^(+6)周组组内、组间,除上述比较有统计学意义外,不同胎龄、不同时段组内和组间血清Ca、P、AKP的浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论动态监测极度不成熟儿血清Ca、P、AKP结果,积极补充维生素AD、维生素D、元素钙、元素磷等,能有效地维持血清Ca、P、AKP的浓度稳定,提高早产儿远期的生活质量。

针对非洲猪瘟病毒p30基因CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统的构建和初步鉴定

构建针对非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)p30(CP204L)基因的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,探究该系统对p30蛋白真核表达的影响。以含p30基因序列的质粒p30-IRES为模板,定向扩增目的基因片段并克隆至pmCherry-N1载体,构建含有p30、红色荧光报告基因的融合表达质粒;通过网站http://crispr.mit.edu/设计靶向CP204L的单导向RNA(sgRNA),并克隆至Cas9表达质粒eSpCas9-2A-GFP(PX458)中。将融合表达质粒与Cas9表达质粒共转染HEK 293T细胞,同时设置对照组,转染48 h后通过Western blot和荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法分别检测转染细胞中p30蛋白和mRNA表达水平。由于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统靶向切割p30基因,Western blot和qPCR结果显示转染靶向p30基因的Cas9质粒后,p30蛋白的真核表达受到抑制,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统可以高效切割非洲猪瘟p30基因,抑制该蛋白的真核表达水平,该体系为抑制病毒生长和疫情防控提供了新的研究思路。

长非编码RNA TNRC6CAS1作为ceRNA在肥厚型心肌病发生发展中调控BPTF表达的研究

肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)是一种以心肌细胞肥厚为特征的原发性心肌病,其发病的分子机制尚未明确。本研究整合Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)数据库中编号GSE130036和GSE36946的数据集。利用R语言对数据集中的RNA表达矩阵进行表达差异性分析。对差异mRNA进行生物功能富集分析,明确研究对象染色质重塑因子以BPTF(bromodomain PHD finger transcription factor)为核心。预测miRNA靶向mRNA和lncRNA的结合位点,构建lncRNATNRC6CAS1,miR-30c-1-3p-BPTF内源竞争RNA(ceRNA)网络。利用实时定量PCR,酶联免疫吸附测定或免疫印迹检测,在肥厚型心肌病临床样本(20例健康人和20例肥厚型心肌病患者外周血)和心肌肥大细胞模型中验证了BPTF和lncRNA TNRC6CAS1表达的明显上调(P<0.001),而miR-30c-1-3p的表达明显下调(P<0.001)。同时,在AC16细胞中对三者的表达相关性进行初步验证。最后,分别沉默BPTF,lncRNA TNRC6CAS1或过表达miR-30c-1-3p可以抑制心肌肥大标志性蛋白质的表达。以上结果表明,lncRNA TNRC6CAS1,miR-30c-1-3p,BPTF构成的ceRNA网络可能参与调控肥厚型心肌病心肌肥大病理现象的产生。三者作为潜在的肥厚型心肌病致病分子,有望成为新的检测和治疗靶点。

Comparison of foliar nutrient concentrations between natural and artificial forests of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land, China

In order to examine the causes of degradation of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations on sandy land, the foliar concentrations of N, P, K and C were analyzed and compared between the field grown P. sylvestris var. mongolica trees from two provenances （natural forests and plantations）. The results indicated that natural tree needles had lower N, P and C concentrations, and higher K concentrations than those of plantation tree needles. For plantation tree needles, ratios of N： P, P. K and N： K increased with tree age before 45 years old; but they were not clear for the natural tree needles. Compared with the conclusions reported on Pinus spp., we found that the foliar N and P concentrations were in the optimal range for both natural and plantation tree needles. This result suggested that N or P might not be the absolute limit factors in plant nutrient for P sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy land. However, foliar K concentrations in both natural and plantation tree needles were much lower than those reported on Pinus spp. （〉4.80 g kg-1）.The N： P ratio of natural needles was in the adequate ranges, but N： P ratio of plantation needles was out of the adequate ranges. These results indicated that there was a better balanced nutrition status in the natural forest than in the plantations. If only considering the foliar nutrient concentrations of P sylvestris var. mongolica from different provenances, it might be concluded that the degradation phenomenon of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations was not induced by nutrition deficiency of absolute nutrients of N and P, but might be induced by other mineral nutrients or by the effectiveness of N and P nutrients. The unbalanced nutrition status and relatively quick decomposition of needles in the plantations might also contribute to the degradation.

Seasonal dynamics of N:P ratio stoichiometry and Ca fraction for four dominant plants in the Alxa Desert

Desert plants take on unique physiologically adaptive mechanisms in response to an adverse environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of leaf nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and calcium(Ca) fraction for dominant species of Artemisia ordosica, A. frigida, Calligonum mongolicum, and Oxytropis aciphylla in the Alxa Desert and discussed seasonal changes of their leaf N:P ratio and Ca fraction. The results showed that, from May to September, the N:P ratios of A. ordosica and C. mongolicum gradually and significantly increased, while those of A. frigida, and O. aciphylla had an increase trend that was not significant; the physiologically active Ca of A. ordosica and A. frigida increased significantly,while that of C. mongolicum and O. aciphylla decreased significantly. The physiologically inert calcium of C. mongolicum increased extremely significantly, while that of others was not significant. There was a significantly positive correlation between the N:P ratio and physiologically active Ca for A. ordosica, and the N:P ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with physiologically active Ca for O. aciphylla. These findings revealed that the physiological regulation mechanism was different for the plants either in earlier stage or later stage of plant-community succession.

Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.

Combined preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level as a prognostic factor in patients with resected pancreatic cancer

Background: Carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19-9) is the most frequently used tumor marker and serves as a prognostic indicator in patients with pancreatic cancer(PC). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) is thought to be an inflammation-related serum marker. An elevated PLR represents increased inflammatory status and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with various cancers including PC. Methods: This study involved 103 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreatectomy. The patients were assessed to determine the prognostic significance of the combination of the PLR and CA19-9 level. Results: Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis results, the patients were divided into PLR H igh(PLR ≥ 129.1) andPLRLow(PLR < 129.1) groups and into CA19-9High(CA19-9 ≥ 74.0 U/mL) and CA19-9Low(CA19-9 < 74.0 U/mL) groups. The cumulative 5-year overall survival(OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS) rates significantly differed by both the PLR(PLR H igh group: 19.5% and 22.9%;PLRLow group: 39.1% and 45.9%) and CA19-9(CA19-9 H igh group: 19.1% and 25.6%;CA19-9Low group: 41.0% and 41.0%). We then divided the patients into Groups A(PLR L ow/CA19-9Low), B(PLR Low/CA19-9High or PLRHigh/CA19-9Low), and C(PLR H igh/CA19-9High). The cumulative 5-year OS rates in Groups A, B, and C were 44.0%, 31.9%, and 11.9%, respectively( P = 0.002). The cumulative 5-year DSS rates in Groups A, B, and C were 47.7%, 36.4%, and 16.8%, respectively( P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the combination of the PLR and CA19-9 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with resected PC. Conclusions: The combination of the PLR and CA19-9 is useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with resected PC.

Preliminary determination of calcium,phosphorus,and the calcium/phosphorus ratio in cortical bone of Chinstrap penguin using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone. The preliminary results show that ： （ 1 ） there is the bone site-related difference for Ca and P concentrations. The mean values for the investigated parameters （ on a dry-weight basis） are： 30.7% （Ca） and 14.9% （P） for the femoral cortical bone, 21.4% （Ca） and 11.5% （P） for wing cortical bone. （2） The variation for the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone is lower than those for Ca and P separately. This is in agreement with the previous report that the specificity of the Ca/P ratio is better than that of Ca and P concentrations and is more reliable for the diagnosis of bone disorders. The authors suggest that further studies be conducted to establish norreal values of Ca, P and Ca/P ratio for polar animals and provide a basis for the diagnosis of bone disorders.

A 1000-year record of Mg/Li and Li/Ca ratios of ostracod shells in Lake Qinghai,NE Tibetan Plateau

1 Introduction Lake Qinghai,famous as the largest inland saline lake in China,located on the high-altitude northeastern Tibetan Plateau,and four junctional zones of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),Indian summer monsoon(ISM),East Asian winter monsoon and the westerly jet stream prevail,making it sensitive to global climate change

Knockdown of lncRNAXLOC＿001659 inhibits proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a key role in almost all key physiological and pathological processes,including different types of malignant tumors.Our previous lncRNA microarray results have shown that lncRNA XLOC_001659 is upregulated in esophageal cancer(EC)tissues,with a fold change of 20.9 relative to normal esophageal tissues.But its effect and the molecular biological mechanisms on proliferation and invasion of EC cells remain unclear.AIM To investigate the effect of lncRNA XLOC_001659 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)cells and explore the molecular biological mechanisms involved.METHODS RT-qPCR assay was used to quantify the expression levels of lncRNAXLOC-001659 and miR-490-5p.The proliferative capacity of the cells was determined using CCK8 and colony formation assays,and the effect of lncRNAXLOC-001659 on the invasion of ESCC cells was determined by Transwell assay.Dualluciferase reporter assay was used to detect the target genes of lncRNAXLOC-001659 and miR-490-5p.RESULTS The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expression of lncRNAXLOC_001659 was upregulated in ESCC cells.CCK-8 assay showed that knockdown of lncRNAXLOC_001659 significantly inhibited ESCC cell proliferation.Colony formation and Transwell invasion assays showed that knockdown of lncRNAXLOC_001659 or overexpression of miR-490-5p significantly inhibited ESCC cell growth and invasion.Furthermore,lncRNAXLOC_001659 acts as an endogenous sponge by competitively binding to miR-490-5p to downregulate miR-490-5p.Further results confirmed that miR-490-5p targeted PIK3CA,and the recovery of PIK3CA rescued lncRNAXLOC_001659 knockdown or miR-490-5p overexpression-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion,which suggested the presence of an lncRNAXLOC_001659/miR-490-5p/PIK3CA regulatory axis.CONCLUSION Knockdown of lncRNA XLOC_001659 inhibits proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells via regulation of miR-490-5p/PIK3CA,suggesting that it may play a role in ESCC tumorigenesis and progression.

The Golden Ratio Theorem: A Framework for Interchangeability and Self-Similarity in Complex Systems

The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.