For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral in...For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands.The CDDRS are computed for single-degree-of-freedom systems(SDOF) by considering or ignoring P-Δ effect for different ductility levels when subjected to 344 earthquake ground motions recorded in four site classes.The modified expressions of CDDRS for P-Δ effect are proposed.It is concluded that the P-Δ effect on CDDRS is significant,and the effect increases with the increase of ductility level.In the long-period region,the CDDRS ignoring P-Δ effect almost conforms to the equal-displacement rule.But in the case of higher ductility level,the CDDRS considering P-Δ effect are much higher than 1.0,which do not conform to the equal-displacement rule.展开更多
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to detect the optimal dietary protein and energy, as well as the ef fects of protein to energy ratio on growth, for the rare minnow( Gobiocypris rarus), which are critical to nutr...An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to detect the optimal dietary protein and energy, as well as the ef fects of protein to energy ratio on growth, for the rare minnow( Gobiocypris rarus), which are critical to nutrition standardization for model fi sh. Twenty-four diets were formulated to contain three gross energy(10, 12.5, 15 kJ/g), four protein(20%, 25%, 30%, 35%), and two lipid levels(3%, 6%). The results showed that optimal dietary E/P was 41.7–50 kJ/g for maximum growth in juvenile rare minnows at 6% dietary crude lipid. At 3% dietary lipid, specifi c growth rate(SGR) increased markedly when E/P decreased from 62.5 kJ/g to 35.7 kJ/g and gross energy was 12.5 kJ/g, and from 75 kJ/g to 42.9 kJ/g when gross energy was 15.0 kJ/g. The optimal gross energy was estimated at 12.5 kJ /g and excess energy decreased food intake and growth. Dietary lipid exhibited an apparent protein-sparing eff ect. Optimal protein decreased from 35% to 25%–30% with an increase in dietary lipid from 3% to 6% without adversely ef fecting growth. Dietary lipid level af fects the optimal dietary E/P ratio. In conclusion, recommended dietary protein and energy for rare minnow are 20%–35% and 10–12.5 k J/g, respectively.展开更多
为了改善正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统的峰均功率比(peak-to-average power ratio,PAPR)性能,提出了一种基于动态功率阈值的低复杂度部分传输序列(partial transmit sequences,PTS)方法。在新的...为了改善正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统的峰均功率比(peak-to-average power ratio,PAPR)性能,提出了一种基于动态功率阈值的低复杂度部分传输序列(partial transmit sequences,PTS)方法。在新的PTS方法中,引入了基于功率的判别函数,并给出了一种基于功率合理选择阈值的方法。在选取最小的PAPR值进行传输时,只对Pn大于等于阈值的样本信号进行峰值功率的计算。与传统的PTS算法相比,本文提出的算法在保证PAPR性能和误码率的情况下,能够更有效地降低计算复杂度。展开更多
China’s stock market has experienced more than 20 years of development.Despite the concept of value investment has already been reflected in stock investment,many investors,especially small and medium investors,still...China’s stock market has experienced more than 20 years of development.Despite the concept of value investment has already been reflected in stock investment,many investors,especially small and medium investors,still do not pay much attention to value investment.Blindness and speculative thinking still affect investment.This paper chooses the banking industry as the analysis object and uses the relative valuation approach to evaluate the price-earnings ratio(P/E ratio),price-to-book value ratio(P/B ratio),and price-earnings to growth(PEG)of the 10 listed banks,then judges the investment value of each bank and focuses on the valuation and pricing of the banking with rapid growth.Based on this,the choice of value investment decisions is made,trying to provide a demonstration for investors to make value investment decisions.Finally,it is recommended to invest in China Merchants Bank(CMB),Minsheng Bank,Shanghai Pudong Development Bank(SPDB),Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC),HSBC Bank,and Bank of China.It is not recommended to invest in Ping An Bank,Bank of Communications,Industrial Bank,and China CITIC Bank.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90815014,50608024)Opening Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Foundation(Grant No.2007001)Opening Laboratory of Seismic Control and Structural Safety Foundation(Grant No.0808)
文摘For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands.The CDDRS are computed for single-degree-of-freedom systems(SDOF) by considering or ignoring P-Δ effect for different ductility levels when subjected to 344 earthquake ground motions recorded in four site classes.The modified expressions of CDDRS for P-Δ effect are proposed.It is concluded that the P-Δ effect on CDDRS is significant,and the effect increases with the increase of ductility level.In the long-period region,the CDDRS ignoring P-Δ effect almost conforms to the equal-displacement rule.But in the case of higher ductility level,the CDDRS considering P-Δ effect are much higher than 1.0,which do not conform to the equal-displacement rule.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2011BAI15B01-41)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA06A302)
文摘An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to detect the optimal dietary protein and energy, as well as the ef fects of protein to energy ratio on growth, for the rare minnow( Gobiocypris rarus), which are critical to nutrition standardization for model fi sh. Twenty-four diets were formulated to contain three gross energy(10, 12.5, 15 kJ/g), four protein(20%, 25%, 30%, 35%), and two lipid levels(3%, 6%). The results showed that optimal dietary E/P was 41.7–50 kJ/g for maximum growth in juvenile rare minnows at 6% dietary crude lipid. At 3% dietary lipid, specifi c growth rate(SGR) increased markedly when E/P decreased from 62.5 kJ/g to 35.7 kJ/g and gross energy was 12.5 kJ/g, and from 75 kJ/g to 42.9 kJ/g when gross energy was 15.0 kJ/g. The optimal gross energy was estimated at 12.5 kJ /g and excess energy decreased food intake and growth. Dietary lipid exhibited an apparent protein-sparing eff ect. Optimal protein decreased from 35% to 25%–30% with an increase in dietary lipid from 3% to 6% without adversely ef fecting growth. Dietary lipid level af fects the optimal dietary E/P ratio. In conclusion, recommended dietary protein and energy for rare minnow are 20%–35% and 10–12.5 k J/g, respectively.
文摘为了改善正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统的峰均功率比(peak-to-average power ratio,PAPR)性能,提出了一种基于动态功率阈值的低复杂度部分传输序列(partial transmit sequences,PTS)方法。在新的PTS方法中,引入了基于功率的判别函数,并给出了一种基于功率合理选择阈值的方法。在选取最小的PAPR值进行传输时,只对Pn大于等于阈值的样本信号进行峰值功率的计算。与传统的PTS算法相比,本文提出的算法在保证PAPR性能和误码率的情况下,能够更有效地降低计算复杂度。
文摘China’s stock market has experienced more than 20 years of development.Despite the concept of value investment has already been reflected in stock investment,many investors,especially small and medium investors,still do not pay much attention to value investment.Blindness and speculative thinking still affect investment.This paper chooses the banking industry as the analysis object and uses the relative valuation approach to evaluate the price-earnings ratio(P/E ratio),price-to-book value ratio(P/B ratio),and price-earnings to growth(PEG)of the 10 listed banks,then judges the investment value of each bank and focuses on the valuation and pricing of the banking with rapid growth.Based on this,the choice of value investment decisions is made,trying to provide a demonstration for investors to make value investment decisions.Finally,it is recommended to invest in China Merchants Bank(CMB),Minsheng Bank,Shanghai Pudong Development Bank(SPDB),Industrial and Commercial Bank of China(ICBC),HSBC Bank,and Bank of China.It is not recommended to invest in Ping An Bank,Bank of Communications,Industrial Bank,and China CITIC Bank.
