Power System State Estimation Solution With Zero Injection Constraints Using Modified Newton Method and Fast Decoupled Method in Polar Coordinate

如何保证零注入节点的注入功率在状态估计结果中严格为0是电力系统状态估计研究中的重要问题。在直角坐标下,由于零注入约束为线性约束,可使用修正牛顿法来有效地解决这一问题。因此,借鉴直角坐标下修正牛顿法的思路,提出了极坐标下的修正牛顿法和修正快速解耦估计。这些方法的计算流程与传统的极坐标下的牛顿法和快速解耦估计非常相似,计算速度与大权重法相当,同时能够保证零注入约束严格满足。仿真结果验证了所得结论。

How can technology and efficiency alleviate the dilemma of economic growth and carbon emissions in China's industrial economy? A metafrontier decoupling decomposition analysis

This paper attempts to explore the decoupling relationship and its drivers between industrial economic increase and energy-related CO_(2) emissions(ICE). Firstly, the decoupling relationship was evaluated by Tapio index. Then, based on the DEA meta-frontier theory framework which taking into account the regional and industrial heterogeneity and index decomposition method, the driving factors of decoupling process were explored mainly from the view of technology and efficiency. The results show that during2000-2019, weak decoupling was the primary state. Investment scale expansion was the largest reason hindering decoupling process of industrial increase from ICE. Both energy saving and production technology achieved significant progress, which facilitated the decoupling process. Simultaneously, the energy technology gap and production technology gap among regions have been narrowed, and played a role in promoting decoupling process. On the contrary, both scale economy efficiency and pure technical efficiency have inhibiting effects on decoupling process. The former indicates that the scale economy of China's industry was not conducive to improve energy efficiency and production efficiency, while the latter indicates that resource misallocation problem may exist in both energy market and product market.

Type Synthesis and Characteristic Analysis of a Family of 2-DOF Rotational Decoupled Parallel Mechanisms

It is widely used for the rotational parallel mechanism in the field of spatial orientation. While owing to the existence of coupling, the forward kinematic solution and the control of the general rotational parallel mechanism are especially difficult. If decoupling can be realized, the kinematic analysis of the mechanism will be very simple. Presently, the research of the parallel mechanism is focused on the inverse solution and structure optimization, and there is a lack of rotation decoupled parallel mechanisms （DPMs）. So this paper proposes a family of 2 degree of freedom （DOF） rotational DPMs based on the four-bar linkage mechanism, and performs a characteristic analysis. This family of DPMs is composed of a moving platform, a fixed base and three limbs. Taking U_RRU SPU DPM as an example, the motion feature of this DPM is analyzed with the constraint screw method, and its mobility is calculated by using the Modified Kutzbach-Grtibler criterion. The inverse and forward displacement problems of the proposed parallel mechanism are solved. The decoupled feature of the proposed parallel mechanism is validated by the deduction of the expression of the Jaeobian matrix. Three kinds of singularity conditions of this DPM are discussed, and the atlases of the output parameter concerning different geometric parameters are plotted with the theory of the physical model of the solution space. The proposition and characteristic analysis of the novel rotational DPMs in this paper should be useful for further research and application of the parallel mechanisms.

Gyroscopic modes decoupling method in parametric instability analysis of gyroscopic systems

Traditional procedures to treat vibrations of gyroscopic continua involve direct application of perturbation methods to a system with both a strong gyroscopic term and other weakly coupled terms.In this study,a gyroscopic modes decoupling method is used to obtain an equivalent system with decoupled gyroscopic modes having only weak couplings.Taking the axially moving string as an example,the instability boundaries in the vicinity of parametric resonances are detected using both the traditional coupled gyroscopic system and our system with decoupled gyroscopic modes,and the results are compared to show the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Decoupling Conditions for Elasto-plastic Consolidation Question Based on Numerical Modeling Method

Elasto-plastic consolidation is one of the classic coupling questions in geomechanics. To solve this problem, an elasto-plastic constitutive model is derived based on the numerical modeling method. The model is applied to Blot＇s consolidation theory. Incremental governing partial differential equations are established using this method. According to the stress path, the decoupling condition of these equations is discussed. Based on these conditions, an incremental diffusion equation and uncoupling governing equations are presented. The method is then applied to numerical analyses of three examples. The results show that （1） the effect of the stress path should be taken into account in the simulation of the soil consolidation question; （2） this decoupling method can predict the evolvement of pore water pressure; （3） the settlement using cam-clay model is less than that using numerical model because of dilatancy.

Decoupled Wiener state fuser for descriptor systems

By the modem time series analysis method, based on the autoregressive moving average （ARMA） innovation models and white noise estimation theory, using the optimal fusion rule weighted by diagonal matrices, a distributed descriptor Wiener state fuser is presented by weighting the local Wiener state estimators for the linear discrete stochastic descriptor systems with multisensor. It realizes a decoupled fusion estimation for state components. In order to compute the optimal weights, the formulas of computing the cross-covariances among local estimation errors are presented based on cross-covariances among the local innovation processes, input white noise, and measurement white noises. It can handle the fused filtering, smoothing, and prediction problems in a unified framework. Its accuracy is higher than that of each local estimator. A Monte Carlo simulation example shows its effectiveness and correctness.

Decoupling Control Research on Test System of Hydraulic Drive Unit of Quadruped Robot Based on Diagonal Matrix Method

The mathematical model of hydraulic drive unit of quadruped robot was built in this paper. According to the coupling characteristics between position control system and force control system, the decoupling control strategy was realized based on diagonal matrix method in AMESim?. The results of simulation show that using diagonal matrix method can achieve the decoupling control effectively and it can achieve the decoupling control more effectively with the method of not offset pole-zero in the S coordinate. This research can provide theoretical basis for the application of test system of hydraulic drive unit.

A Novel Method for PIT Effects Based on Plasmonic Decoupling

A tunable dual-band stop-band THz spectrum can be realized in a hybrid structure, which consists of metal nanoribbon arrays clad by graphene nanoribbons. Dual-band spectra can be controlled separately by the nanoribbon width ω and graphene chemical potential μ_c. We explain that two local plasmonic modes excited at graphene ribbons belong to different gratings, which uncouple with each other by electro-magnetic shielding of the metal ribbons. Furthermore, plasmonic induced transparent(PIT) effects can also be realized by making the two transmission notches close to each other, with better performance than the PIT system based on plasmonic coupling,such as with a larger extinction radio and a tunable transparency window.

基于CAS法的核电工程异形水箱分布质量计算模型

对于形状复杂的大型核电工程储液结构,Housner弹簧-质量模型适用性较差,基于有限元法的流-固耦合数值分析模型复杂、计算和存储量大,难以满足工程设计要求。该文基于声学-结构耦合法(CAS)提出了一种兼顾精度和效率的分布质量模型,通过理论推导从CAS计算结果中剥离得到的器壁动水压强脉冲分量,进而提出器壁单元各节点位置的分布式脉冲附加质量计算公式,精确地考虑了储液容器的形状对液体晃动的影响,同时实现了流-固耦合分析的解耦,有效解决了复杂大型核电工程储液结构的动力分析的难题。以矩形刚性水箱为例,将该文模型的结果与Housner分布模型比较,验证了该模型的合理性和可靠性。针对顶部具有复杂形状水箱的AP1000安全壳结构进行地震动分析,将该文模型与精细的流-固耦合模型进行比较,结果显示:两种模型计算结果吻合性好,该文模型前处理简便且在计算时间效率具有明显优势。该文模型可为核电工程考虑结构-地基、流-固耦合的多因素耦合高效分析奠定基础。

北方寒冷地区交通碳排放驱动因素分析

北方地区气候寒冷,交通工具燃油效率低、车内加热需求增加及路面积雪结冰等复杂道路条件导致交通碳排放增加。因此,有必要针对寒冷地区的交通碳排放驱动因素进行分析,识别关键因素,并有针对性地降低碳排放。以典型北方寒冷地区黑龙江省为例,采用Tapio脱钩测度模型及GDIM因素分解法对2006—2021年黑龙江省交通行业碳排放驱动因素展开分析,分解得到8个驱动因素并发现其脱钩状态呈现“强脱钩-扩张负脱钩-强脱钩”,其中交通产值碳强度和单位交通行业产值的能耗促进脱钩,交通行业总产值和总周转量阻碍脱钩;另外交通行业总产值、能源消耗量对碳排放有较强的促进作用,交通产值碳强度和单位交通行业产值的能耗对碳排放有较强的抑制作用。

基于谱聚类的主动配电网多时间尺度无功优化策略

高比例分布式光伏接入配电网后,传统优化方案无法有效平抑电压波动,分布式光伏逆变器的无功调控能力难以充分利用。为此,提出一种基于谱聚类的主动配电网多时间尺度无功优化策略,该方法分为日前优化和日内实时优化两个阶段。首先,对离散设备的时间耦合性进行解耦,以配电网网损、平均电压偏差、电压波动严重程度为目标函数,建立基于社交网络搜索算法的日前无功优化模型,确定离散设备静态最优档位序列;其次,通过谱聚类的方法进行耦合,确定离散设备动态最优档位序列,结合改进的分布式光伏逆变器就地控制策略,建立日内实时优化模型,从而抑制日前预测数据偏差导致的电压波动;最后,基于改进后的IEEE33节点系统进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,所提策略可以有效降低运算难度、提高求解效率,验证了该策略的有效性和优越性。

冗余铺放机器人的自运动流形及逆解优化研究

针对用于复合材料铺放成型的八自由度冗余机器人系统的逆运动学问题,提出了一种求解其自运动流形及逆解优化的算法。首先,基于位姿分离思想定义了位置子流形和姿态子流形,采用几何求解法得到了基于自运动变量的参数化方程形式的位置子流形和姿态子流形;然后,根据机器人的关节约束和实际铺放工艺过程,对给定的铺放位姿进行了位置子流形和姿态子流形配对的仿真,并用流形中若干组逆解通过正向运动学得到了末端位姿矩阵(其结果均与给定位姿相符,从而验证了自运动流形求解过程的正确性);最后,在完成自运动流形求解的基础上,从机械臂运动的平滑性和关节运动变化量两个方面出发,提出了一种基于自运动变量参数化方程的全局优化目标函数;以飞机尾椎模型为实验研究对象,对其中一条铺放路径进行了逆解全局优化仿真,得到了自运动变量和机器人各关节角在铺放路径上的优化曲线,将仿真结果与一种多目标优化算法进行了比较。研究结果表明:针对相同的铺放路径,采用上述优化算法后关节角变化总量降低了11.25%;该算法能够有效地求解八自由度冗余铺放机器人系统的自运动流形,基于全局优化目标函数,其能够在自运动流形中寻找出自运动变量和机器人各关节的最优解。该算法同样也适用于其他位姿解耦的冗余机器人系统逆解问题的求解。

二氧化碳边际减排成本变化的驱动因素分解与脱钩分析——来自中国工业行业的实证研究

在工业生产过程中减少碳排放不可避免地会带来一系列的经济成本。本文通过建立随机前沿函数对中国主要工业行业的边际减排成本进行测算,并采用对数平均迪氏指数(LMDI)方法、Tapio脱钩模型对边际减排成本变化进行驱动因素分解与脱钩分析,探讨边际减排成本的变化与减排措施的选择存在的相关性,进而指明中国以更低的经济成本实现“双碳”目标的政策方向。研究发现,通过终端控制效应来减少碳排放可以更有效地降低减排成本;当前可以采取以天然气代替煤炭和石油的短期策略进行减排,但长期来看,依然有必要加强新技术的研发与推广,以真正的“零碳”能源代替煤炭、石油、天然气的消费。

膝-踝-趾动力型假肢解耦控制研究

针对膝-踝-趾动力型假肢系统的强耦合性,导致系统控制效果不理想等问题,本文设计控制法则分解法解耦器对系统进行解耦,降低耦合度,提高控制效果。利用拉格朗日方程建立了膝-踝-趾动力型假肢系统支撑末期的动力学模型,此模型的耦合度为1.22,耦合性较强,需要进行解耦;基于控制法则分解法设计模型解耦器,以此简化假肢系统,将耦合度强的系统简化为膝、踝、趾独立控制的模型;基于自适应迭代学习设计控制器,对解耦前后三自由度假肢系统的各关节进行控制。结果表明:此解耦器可以将假肢模型简化为3个单输入、单输出的系统,同时降低关节间的耦合度,加快系统的收敛速度,与解耦前的控制效果相比,解耦后系统收敛误差明显减小。本文为多关节假肢系统提供了模型简化方法,为实物样机控制提供理论验证。

基于EKC理论下碳排放与经济增长的二者关系研究——浙江省与安徽省的对比分析

碳排放与经济增长二者关系协调对积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和具有重大意义。论文以浙江与安徽为对比案例,从环境库兹涅茨曲线理论出发,基于脱钩模型和因素分解法,分析1997—2020年省域碳排放与经济增长的EKC曲线、脱钩态势及驱动因素。研究表明,浙江、安徽两省碳排放与经济增长EKC不符合传统倒“U”型曲线,均经历两次拐点,浙江为“N”型EKC,拐点年约为2007年和2014年,对应人均经济总量为36766元和73388元,安徽省为微弱的倒“N”型EKC曲线,拐点年约为1998年和2013年,对应人均经济总量为4452元和32733元;浙江碳排放脱钩由扩张负脱钩向强脱钩与弱脱钩方向转变,安徽以弱脱钩状态为主;能源结构与强度效应对浙江省的碳排放脱钩促进作用明显,而经济增长与能源结构效应对安徽省碳排放脱钩起负向作用。

永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法

常规的永磁同步电机变频调速系统解耦控制,主要采用系统反馈信号完成解耦控制,忽略了反馈信号的预测误差,导致解耦控制结果负荷响应幅值不够稳定.因此,提出永磁同步电机变频调速系统动态解耦控制方法.建立系统数学模型,在该模型中分离系统模式系数获取控制信号,对该信号进行优化处理,基于输出期望值计算预测误差,加权修正预测值,形成动态控制信号,分离有功-无功信号实现动态解耦控制.实验结果表明:所提方法应用后得出的动态解耦控制结果,表现出的负荷响应幅值较为稳定,满足了永磁同步电机变频调速系统的实际解耦控制需求.

基于模糊解耦的坩埚下降法晶体生长炉温度控制系统

针对坩埚下降法晶体生长炉温度控制系统存在的非线性、滞后性、多温区耦合性等问题。设计了模糊解耦控制器来对生长炉上、下两个温区的温度进行控制,该控制器能够根据上、下温区的实时温度误差以及温度误差变化率,调节两个温区加热棒的功率。与传统解耦和PID算法相比,该方法具有不依赖被控对象的精确数学模型,计算量小,算法设计简单等特点。通过仿真将该方法分别与传统PID算法和传统解耦PID算法进行比较,仿真结果表明,该方法具有很好的动态性能、解耦能力和鲁棒性,有利于提升晶体生长炉的控温精度和加热效率。

含能量路由器的交直流混合配电网潮流计算

能量路由器(energy router,ER)作为新兴电力电子设备,可以实现电能在电力系统中的灵活分配。分析ER对系统的影响,研究以ER为配电枢纽的交直流混合配电网潮流计算方法,对实现配电网的优化运行具有重要意义。文中首先基于改进交替迭代法建立ER的稳态潮流模型,并对ER直流端口采用下垂控制策略,结合传统解耦法,提出一种适用于含ER的配电网交直流解耦迭代潮流计算方法。以含有多个ER的IEEE 14节点和IEEE 69节点配电系统为算例进行仿真计算,验证所提方法的正确性与收敛性。为分析ER对系统运行的影响,对不同场景下IEEE 69节点测试系统进行仿真计算,证明ER在系统中可以支撑节点电压,减小系统运行损耗。

有源电力滤波器补偿的PI解耦控制技术研究

电网中电压和电流波形的失真会产生谐波,导致电网功率因数降低,并影响电力系统的稳定性和可靠性。为了确保电力系统的正常工作,研究了基于有源电力滤波器补偿的比例积分(PI)解耦控制技术。设计了基于二极管钳位式的有源电力滤波器模型。结合基尔霍博电压法,降低控制谐波和解除部分变量耦合。针对设备非线性产生的谐波,分析有源电力滤波器的可逆性,获得输入雅可比矩阵,以实现滤波器旋转坐标的线性化。利用变换矩阵转换转动角速向量,输入谐波的幅度,输出电流取样延迟,完成无差PI解耦控制。试验结果表明,所提技术能够有效解耦滤波器的谐波电流成分,从而补偿电网中的失真电流。该技术可以减少谐波对电力系统的整体影响,保证设备的正常运行。

中国碳排放脱钩效应、时空特征与驱动因素

“双碳”目标使中国面临巨大的碳减排压力,寻求一条低碳转型之路已成为中国面临的挑战,而揭示经济增长与碳排放之间的脱钩关系,是中国寻求低碳经济发展的关键突破点。基于IPCC碳核算方法和Tapio脱钩模型,对中国经济增长与碳排放的脱钩效应以及时空特征进行探讨,并利用IDA-PDA综合分析法对碳排放脱钩效应的驱动因素进行分解。结果表明:(1)2005—2019年,中国整体的碳排放脱钩指数呈波动下降趋势,以“弱脱钩”为主,脱钩状态良好。(2)中国东部和中部地区碳排放脱钩状态较好,在2015—2019年达到强脱钩;西部地区虽仍处于弱脱钩阶段,但碳排放脱钩指数显著降低;同时,中国各省份间脱钩状态差别较大,碳排放脱钩指数总体呈西北高、东南低的分布格局。(3)对于驱动因素的贡献度,要素替代和技术进步是促进中国碳排放脱钩的关键因素,经济水平是抑制中国碳排放脱钩最主要的因素。能源结构、效率变动、人口规模对中国碳排放脱钩主要表现为抑制作用。(4)对于地区的贡献度,2005—2010年,东部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用最强;2010—2012年,东部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用逐渐减小,西部地区对中国碳排放脱钩的抑制作用逐渐增强;2012—2019年,三大地区对中国碳排放脱钩的作用不稳定,变化较大。