复杂岩溶高承压水下深埋地铁车站设计及施工方案研究

近十多年来,我国城市轨道交通工程大量建设并投入运营,区间地下隧道与地下车站的顺利建设、安全运营均与地下地质条件密切相关。在各种地质条件中,以复杂岩溶及岩溶水对地下工程的影响最为不利,特别是复杂岩溶发育叠加岩溶高承压水条件下修建地下深埋车站工程最为罕见,难度与风险最大。因此有必要对此类地质条件下地下车站设计方案、施工工艺进行深入的研究与总结。研究结论:赋存于隔水层下的灰岩溶洞和溶隙中的地下水,具有明显的承压性与不均一性,在岩性交界面因溶蚀作用显著增强,往往具有承压管道流特征;复杂岩溶及岩溶承压水条件下地下车站设计采用外截内排、分区实施、设置注浆截水帷幕+坑底处理+减压泄水井的综合设计方案可行有效;根据钻孔情况,采取化学注浆可以显著提高支护桩的成桩率;地下深埋车站的选址应当尽量避开岩溶发育条带与碎屑岩的富水与溶蚀发育交界带,以避免受复杂岩溶及高承压水的不利影响大幅增加工程投资;文中所述的设计方案与施工措施,确保了工程的按期顺利建成,取得了较好的技术、经济和社会效益,其成功的工程勘察设计与施工经验可供其他类似工点参考利用。

Slope structures and formation of rock–soil aggregate landslides in deeply incised valleys

Rock–soil aggregate landslides(RSALs) are a common geological hazard in deeply incised valleys in southwestern China. Large-scale RSALs are widely distributed in the upper reaches of the Dadu River, Danba County, Sichuan Province, and are influenced by slope structure, which can be divided into open, lock, strip, and dumbbell types, as well as soil type and meso-structure, which can be classified as layered rock–soil aggregate, block-soil, and grainsoil. In this study, the evolution of four types of structures, such as layered-dumbbell, block-soil lock, banded block-soil, and block-soil open types, were analyzed by field surveys, surface and deep displacement monitoring, and Flac3 D. It was found that the Danba reach of the Dadu River showed incised valley through the evolution from wide to slow valley affected by internal and external geological processes since the Quaternary Glaciation. In the layered-dumbbell rock–soil aggregate, the main sliding pattern is multi-stage sliding at different depths. Circular sliding in the trailing edge and plane sliding along the bedrock in the front edge body occurin the block-soil-lock type aggregate. Large-scale multi-level and circular sliding over long distances occur in the banded block-soil aggregate. The blocksoil open type is stable, with only circular sliding occurring in local and shallow surfaces of the body. The monitoring and numerical simulation results further show that slope structure and regularity have diversified with RSALs. The results provide a basis for analyzing the stability mechanism of RSALs and preventing RSALs in deeply incised valleys.

Mechanical response features and failure process of soft surrounding rock around deeply buried three-centered arch tunnel

Due to the extreme complexity of mechanical response of soft surrounding rock(SR) around a tunnel under high geostatic stress conditions, the integration of physical and numerical modeling techniques was adopted. Based on the similarity theory, new composite-similar material was developed, which showed good agreement with the similarity relation and successfully simulated physico-mechanical properties(PMP) of deep buried soft rock. And the 800 mm×800 mm×200 mm physical model(PM) was conducted, in which the endoscopic camera technique was adopted to track the entire process of failure of the model all the time. The experimental results indicate that the deformation of SR around a underground cavern possessed the characteristics of development by stages and in delay, and the initial damage of SR could induce rapid failure in the later stage, and the whole process could be divided into three stages, including the localized extension of crack(the horizontal load(HL) was in the range of 130 k N to 170 k N, the vertical load(VL) was in the range of 119 k N to 153.8 k N), rapid crack coalescence(the HL was in the range of 170 k N to 210 k N, the VL was in the range of 153.8 k N to 182.5 k N) and residual strength(the HL was greater than 210 k N, the VL was greater than 182.5 k N). Under the high stress conditions, the phenomenon of deformation localization in the SR became serious and different space positions show different deformation characteristics. In order to further explore the deformation localization and progressive failure phenomenon of soft SR around the deeply buried tunnel, applying the analysis software of FLAC3 D three-dimensional explicit finite-difference method, based on the composite strain-softening model of Mohr-Coulomb shear failure and tensile failure, the calculation method of large deformation was adopted. Then, the comparative analysis between the PM experiment and numerical simulation of the three centered arch tunnels was implemented and the relationship of deformation localization and progressive failure of SR around a tunnel under high stress conditions was discussed.

Dynamic Wave Pressures on Deeply Embedded Large Cylindrical Structures due to Random Waves

The response of dynamic wave pressures on structures would be more complicated and bring about new phenomena under the dynamic interaction between soil and structure. In order to better understand the response characteristics on deeply embedded large cylindrical structures under random waves, and accordingly to offer valuable findings for engineering, the authors designed wave flume experiments to investigate comparatively dynamic wave pressures on a single and on continuous cylinders with two different embedment depths in response to two wave spectra.The time histories of the water surface elevation and the corresponding dynamic wave pressures exerted on the cylinder were analyzed in the frequency domain. By calculating the transfer function and spectral density for dynamic wave pressures along the height and around the circumference of the cylinder, experimental results of the single cylinder were compared with the theoretical results based on the linear diffraction theory, and detailed comparisons were also carried out between the single and continuous cylinders. Some new findings and the corresponding analysis are reported in present paper. The investigation on continuous cylinders will be used in particular for reference in engineering applications because information is scarce on studying such kind of problem both analytically and experimentally.

Analysis on mechanism and key factors of surrounding rock instability in deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage

Based on the characteristics of surrounding rocks for deeply inclined roadway affected by argillation and water seepage, a structure model of layer crack plate was established to analyze the shear sliding instability mechanism. Through solid mechanics analysis of anchored surrounding rock with defect from water seepage, combined with numerical analysis for instability mechanism under water seepage in deeply inclined roadway, key factors were proposed. Results show that with increasing height of layer crack plate, lateral buckling critical load value for high wall of the roadway decreases; there is a multistage distribution for tensile stress along the anchor bolt with defect under pulling state condition;groundwater seepage seriously affects the strength of surrounding rock of the roadway, to some extent the plastic zone of the high side rises up to 8 m. Finally some support strategies were proposed for the inclined roadway and successfully applied to Haoyuan coal mine in Tiela mining area,western China.

Mechanism on Moho offset induced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults

Recent high-resolution deep seismic reflection profile across the Kunlun fault in northeastern Tibet shows clearly that the Moho is cut off by a complex thrust fault system. Moho offset is a general phenomenon, but little is known about the dynamic mechanism. In this study, contact models with Maxwell materials are used to simulate the mechanical process of Moho offset induced by the aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. Based on the seismic reflection data, we project a single fault model and a complex fault system model with two faults inter- secting. The deformations of the Moho, the aseismic slips, and contact stresses on faults in different models are discussed in detail. Results show that the Moho offset might be produced by aseismic slip of deeply buried faults, and the magnitude is influenced by the friction coefficient of faults and the viscosity of the lower crust. The maximum slip occurs near the Moho on the single fault or at the crossing point of two intersecting faults system. Stress concentrates mainly on the Moho, the deep end of faults, or the crossing point. This study will throw light on understanding the mechanism of Moho offset and aseismic slip of deeply buried faults. The results of complex fault system with two faults intersecting are also useful to understand the shallow intersecting faults that may cause earthquakes.

从容器隐喻的角度看be deeply in debt的新译

许多字典和书籍都把be deeply in debt译成"债台高筑",一直以来,这已成为一个约定俗成的译法。然而,从隐喻特别是容器隐喻的角度看,英文与中文是两种完全不同的意象:be deeply in debt是陷入其中,而"债台高筑"则是凸起于地面上。本文通过分析be-in-something关系的容器隐喻及其已有的对应翻译,力求找到be deeply in debt的新译文。

My Beloved Has Gone ...-Deeply touched on Father’s Day

有一种思念可以很长,有一种记忆可以很久,有一双手始终舒适,有一种情永远延续……It is a peaceful night again,everything is quiet.The moonlight shines brightly,which looks like pour-ing water and the cool wind flows through the window,

Evolution of nC_(16)H_(34)-water-mineral systems in thermal capsules and geological implications for deeply-buried hydrocarbon reservoirs

Organic-inorganic interactions between hydrocarbons and most minerals in deeply buried reservoirs remain unclear.In this study,gold capsules and fused silica capillary capsules(FSCCs)with different com-binations of nC_(16)H_(34),water(distilled water,CaCl_(2) water)and minerals(quartz,feldspar,calcite,kaolinite,smectite,and illite)were heated at 340℃ for 3-10 d,to investigate the evolution and reaction pathways of the organic-inorganic interactions in different hot systems.After heating,minerals exhibited little alteration in the anhydrous systems.Mineral alterations,how-ever,occurred obviously in the hydrous systems.Different inorganic components affected nC_(16)H_(34) degra-dation differently.Overall,water promoted the free-radical thermal-cracking reaction and step oxidation reaction but suppressed the free-radical cross-linking reaction.The impact of CaCl_(2) water on the nC_(16)H_(34) degradation was weaker than the distilled water as high Ca^(2+)concentration suppressed the formation of free radicals.The presence of different waters also affects the impact of different minerals on nC_(16)H_(34) degradation,via its impact on mineral alterations.In the anhydrous nC_(16)H_(34)-mineral systems,calcite and clays catalyzed generation of low-molecular-weight(LMW)alkanes,particularly the clays.Quartz,feldspar,and calcite catalyzed generation of high-molecular-weight(HMW)alkanes and PAHs,whereas clays catalyzed the generation of LMW alkanes and mono-bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(M-BAHs).In the hydrous nC_(16)H_(34)-distilled water-mineral systems,all minerals but quartz promoted nC_(16)H_(34) degra-dation to generate more LMW alkanes,less HMW alkanes and PAHs.In the nC_(16)H_(34)-CaCl_(2) water-mineral systems,the promotion impact of minerals was weaker than that in the systems with distilled water.This study demonstrated the generation of different hydrocarbons with different fluorescence colors in the different nC_(16)H_(34)-water-mineral systems after heating for the same time,implying that fluorescence colors need to be interpreted carefully in investigation of hydrocarbon charging histories and oil origins in deeply buried reservoirs.Besides,the organic-inorganic interactions in different nC_(16)H_(34)-water-mineral systems proceeded in different pathways at different rates,which likely led to preservation of liquid hydrocarbons at different depth(temperature).Thus,quantitative investigations of the reaction kinetics in different hydrocarbon-water-rock systems are required to improve the prediction of hydrocar-bon evolution in deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoirs.

深度调峰对汽轮机转子寿命损耗的影响及运行优化研究

电力市场对汽轮机组深度调峰和灵活性运行的要求不断提高。本文对某660 MW汽轮机高压转子在深度调峰工况下的瞬态温度场、应力和寿命损耗进行了计算,对比分析了改变负荷变化率、温度变化率、最低调峰负荷、主蒸汽温度降低幅度等措施对转子峰值应力的影响。基于上述分析结果,在保证转子安全性的前提下,提出了适应深度调峰和灵活性机组的优化运行方案。

农作物秸秆资源化利用问题及发展策略研究

分析了我国现阶段农作物资源化利用存在的附加值低、农户积极性不高、筹资难、农业机械化发展不均衡、人才缺乏等问题,研究适合我国农作物秸秆资源化利用的发展策略及措施,以推动我国农作物秸秆资源化利用。

基于深度强化学习的农村物流运输路径自动选择研究

常规方法求解运输路径自动选择模型时,选择的运输路径的运输总成本较高,因此,提出基于深度强化学习的农村物流运输路径自动选择方法。通过分析农村流通供应链的特殊性确定目标函数,并基于目标函数设计运输路径自动选择模型,采用深度强化学习算法求解,设置状态-动作空间、奖励函数等要素完善动作选择过程,输出模型最优解,从而实现运输路径自动选择的目的。在实验论证中,所提方法所选运输路径的平均运输成本为8.35万元,相比对照方法更低。结果表明,设计的方法能够有效规划物流运输路径,降低运输成本。

240t/h循环流化床锅炉深度灵活调峰工程示范

煤电深度灵活调峰是促进可再生能源电力消纳、减少CO_(2)排放的重要举措。但燃煤锅炉深度灵活调峰存在负荷下调深度受限和NO_(x)排放高的技术难题。本文首次采用循环流化床耦合煤粉预热的技术路线,改建了现役240 t/h高温高压循环流化床锅炉,试验结果表明,锅炉负荷调节深度降低18%,且实现了零喷氨超低NO_(x)排放。240 t/h循环流化床锅炉深度灵活调峰工程示范的成功运行,为燃煤电站深度灵活调峰技术的发展提供了支撑。

基于深度可分离卷积的异常驱动视频异常检测

视频异常检测已成为当前研究的热点问题,具有深刻的实际应用价值。针对视频异常检测中3D卷积计算复杂度高、难以训练以及使用重构方法进行检测时仅利用正常数据容易导致过拟合的问题,提出一种新型的深度可分离卷积异常驱动网络。首先,通过手工特征提取的方式抽取跳跃帧,并将其作为伪异常样本进行辅助训练;其次,设计深度可分离卷积网络,降低3D卷积的计算参数量;最后,通过最小化正常数据的重构误差和最大化异常数据的方式让网络学习以区分异常数据和正常数据。实验结果表明,该模型在各大公开数据集上均表现出具有竞争力的性能,其中在UCSDped1、UCSDped2、Avenue和UMN数据集上的准确率分别达91.3%、99.2%、87.4%和98.6%。此外,该模型对异常检测具有较强的灵敏度,且具有较强的泛化能力和鲁棒性。

“讲深讲透讲活”高职思想道德与法治课的实践理路研究

“把道理讲深、讲透、讲活”为教师上好思政课提供了根本遵循和评价标准。讲深高职思想道德与法治课,要坚持把准教材关键问题,坚持厘清学生疑难问题,坚持聚焦教学效果问题。讲透高职思想道德与法治课,要聚焦具象化,讲清楚“是什么”的道理;聚焦“三个大”,讲明白“为什么”的原理;聚焦学生行,讲到位“如何做”的事理。讲活高职思想道德与法治课,要以活动载体“做活”课堂,以故事载体“激活”课堂,以技术载体“盘活”课堂。综合运用“三个坚持”“三个聚焦”“三个强化”,有利于推动高职思政教育高质量发展。

一种用于天基低轨卫星网络边缘计算的GA-DDPG卸载算法

低轨卫星网络是第六代移动通信系统(6G)网络的重要组成部分,弥补了地面基站覆盖的盲区.由于星上计算能力和电池容量受限,导致任务出现时延长和能耗高的问题,因此在低轨卫星网络中引入边缘计算,边缘计算的一项关键技术就是计算卸载.针对计算卸载过程中星间环境动态变化和高维动作空间的问题,提出一种基于遗传算法(GA)和深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)的天基低轨卫星网络边缘计算卸载算法——GA-DDPG算法.卫星边缘计算环境的不断变化会导致DDPG奖励稀疏和探索性不足,将GA引入到DDPG算法中,首先,利用GA的选择算子使DDPG算法能够适应不断变化的卫星环境;然后,针对动作空间维度变大导致DDPG算法收敛不稳定的问题,利用GA种群的多样化探索和种群的冗余提升DDPG算法收敛的稳定性.仿真结果表明,GA-DDPG卸载算法能够降低天基低轨卫星网络计算负载,且时延和能耗均低于DDPG卸载算法和GA卸载算法.与DDPG卸载算法相比,GA-DDPG卸载算法还能提升收敛速度和稳定性.

乡村振兴背景下增强原深度贫困地区内生发展动力:理论内涵与实现路径

实现后发地区和低收入人群的内生发展是世界贫困治理领域的前沿课题,也是中国脱贫地区面临的现实问题。以“三区三州”为代表的原深度贫困地区基础条件弱、返贫困风险高、政策依赖性强,有效实现其内生发展不仅直接关系到脱贫攻坚成果巩固和与乡村振兴的有效衔接,更是涉及全面建成社会主义现代化强国的重大议题。将习近平关于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的重要论述和原深度贫困地区的实际结合起来看,内生发展的实现在“硬件”方面重在优化基础设施和提升产业帮扶的效率;在“软件”方面,需要长期坚持教育帮扶,依靠人的素质的提升增强内生发展动力;而在监督管理层面,应当优化区域发展评价体系,加强乡村经济社会统计核算,落实区域性内生发展的动态评估和检测。

南京市某妇产医院博士后培养工作现状与思考

博士后人才培养是推动医院高质量发展的重要力量。文章总结了南京市妇幼保健院博士后人才招收情况、在站期间科研产出情况以及医院针对博士后人才培养制定的一系列举措,分析了医院博士后管理工作中存在招收规模较小、考核机制不够健全、培养配套制度相对较少等问题,并在此基础上提出了改善博士后人才培养的几点建议。研究坚持引育并举,拓宽招收渠道;使用与培养并重,夯实专业基础;强化管理梯队建设,做好后期保障;完善博士后激励机制,强化人才引领。以期进一步优化医院博士后人才管理工作,为切实提高医院博士后人才培养质量提供参考。

实时荧光跨越式滚环等温扩增技术检测蜂蜜掺伪大米糖浆

将跨越式滚环等温扩增技术(SRCA)与荧光技术相结合,建立一种实时荧光SRCA技术检测蜂蜜掺伪大米糖浆的方法。对DNA提取方案进行评估,以大米的特异性基因(PDL、SPS、rbcL、GOS9)为靶序列设计引物,筛选适宜的引物,优化扩增反应条件结合荧光技术建立检测蜂蜜掺伪大米糖浆的方法,并对该方法进行评价。结果表明,建立的实时荧光SRCA方法检测大米DNA的灵敏度为8.45×10~1fg/μL,经特异性评价证实其特异性良好,在人工模拟掺伪检测中建立掺伪比例的对数与Ct值的线性关系,线性方程为y=6.618x+7.651(R~2=0.993),可准确检出蜂蜜中低至1%的大米糖浆成分。该方法灵敏度高,检出限低,能够快速、准确检测蜂蜜掺伪大米糖浆,为蜂蜜掺伪的快速检测提供了新思路。

深埋地铁电梯辅助大客流出站建模与分析

为提高大客流场景深埋地铁乘客出站效率,基于社会力模型开展大客流场景下深埋地铁电梯辅助乘客出站5类场景模拟仿真,深入研究乘客出站效率与电梯数量、电梯运行参数、位置布设和乘客选择电梯出站比例间的关系。研究结果表明:深埋地铁大客流场景下通过电梯辅助可提高乘客出站效率;平均出站时间与电梯数量和电梯额定荷载呈三次多项式关系,与电梯额定运行速度呈幂律关系;电梯数量、额定荷载、额定运行速度单独分别增加大于3部、30人、5 m/s时,乘客的平均出站时间降低速度减慢;与未设置电梯场景相比,10%乘客选择乘坐电梯时,设置4部额定荷载与运行速度分别为15人和1 m/s的电梯时,平均出站时间最大缩短16%。研究结果有助于深埋地铁站客流管控与电梯出入口规划建设的决策。