Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are important members of the plant microbiome and affect the uptake and transfer of mineral elements by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.Nitrogen(N),as an important mi...Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are important members of the plant microbiome and affect the uptake and transfer of mineral elements by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.Nitrogen(N),as an important mineral element,can directly affect plant growth and development at different N levels.It has been confirmed that inoculation with AMF can improve the efficiency of N utilization by plants.However,there are still fewer reports on the dynamic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant secondary metabolites at different nitrogen levels.In this experiment,the physiological indexes and genes related to saponin synthesis were determined by applying different concentration gradients of nitrogen to the medicinal plant P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis infested by AMF as the test material.It was found that nitrogen addition increased the biomass,chlorophyll content,and nutrient content of above-and below-ground plant parts and increased the content of saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis to some extent,but AMF inoculation increased the saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis more significantly.AMF inoculation also promoted the expression of genes related to the saponin synthesis pathway,including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase(HMGS),squalene epoxidase 1(SE1),and cycloartenol synthase(CAS),which is in according with the accumulation of saponin in plants.It also may increase the saponin content of AMF plants by altering the expression of P450s and UGTs related to saponin synthesis.展开更多
Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to o...Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to overharvesting.Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots,the commercial value of which increases with age.To date,no genomic data on the species have been available.In this study,transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids.Using Illumina sequencing technology,we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information.Approximately 87,577 unique sequences,with an average length of 614 bases,were obtained from the root cells.Using bioinformatics methods,we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database.The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages,1518(49.25%) were upregulated and 1564(50.75%) were downregulated in the older root.Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids.These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P.polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.展开更多
滇重楼(P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis)是中国传统药用植物,多年生草本植物。很多研究已经证明,植物内生菌在植物次生代谢过程中起着十分关键的作用。鉴于此,本研究利用栽培于云南大理的滇重楼为实验材料,对其全株组织(叶,茎,根状茎)...滇重楼(P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis)是中国传统药用植物,多年生草本植物。很多研究已经证明,植物内生菌在植物次生代谢过程中起着十分关键的作用。鉴于此,本研究利用栽培于云南大理的滇重楼为实验材料,对其全株组织(叶,茎,根状茎)内生细菌进行了分离、纯化,并通过测序方法对其种类进行鉴定。结果显示滇重楼叶中内生细菌含有8属11种,茎中含有2属5种,根茎中含有9属11种。滇重楼不同组织中的内生细菌种属分布差异大,叶与根状茎中的内生细菌种类只共有鞘氨醇杆菌属,其余都不共有,而茎与叶、根状茎中的内生细菌都不相同,表明滇重楼内生细菌在不同组织中所体现的多样性及不同内生菌在分布上的差异性。本研究结果为后续滇重楼内生菌的多样性开发利用提供了科学依据,为未来滇重楼内生细菌深度挖掘与利用提供研究基础。展开更多
在野外调查和数据收集的基础上,结合药用植物全球产地生态适宜性分析系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS),对中药重楼全球产地生态适宜性区域进行分析和评价。以重楼药材基原物种云南重楼Paris pol...在野外调查和数据收集的基础上,结合药用植物全球产地生态适宜性分析系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS),对中药重楼全球产地生态适宜性区域进行分析和评价。以重楼药材基原物种云南重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis和七叶一枝花P.polyphylla var.chinensis道地产区、主产区与野生分布区的采样点为依据,选取最冷季平均气温、最热季平均气温、年平均气温、年均降水量、年均相对湿度、年均日照强度和土壤类型7个生态指标作为主要参考因子,经过生态相似性比对分析得出云南重楼与七叶一枝花在全球范围内的生态适宜性产区和潜在种植区。结果表明云南重楼和七叶一枝花的最大生态相似度区域相似,在全球范围内主要分布在中国、巴西、美国、赞比亚、刚果、缅甸、坦桑尼亚、墨西哥、安哥拉及玻利维亚等19个国家。其中,中国的最大生态适宜性产区主要包括云南、四川、广西、湖南、湖北、广东、贵州、江西、福建和安徽等16个省区。该研究表明GMPGIS可以较好地应用于中药材引种及生产区划,研究结果可为重楼药材的资源保护和可持续利用提供参考依据。展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.202103AC100003202101AS070228)+2 种基金the Major Special Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2021YFD10002022021YFD1601003)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31860075),thank you.
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are important members of the plant microbiome and affect the uptake and transfer of mineral elements by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.Nitrogen(N),as an important mineral element,can directly affect plant growth and development at different N levels.It has been confirmed that inoculation with AMF can improve the efficiency of N utilization by plants.However,there are still fewer reports on the dynamic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant secondary metabolites at different nitrogen levels.In this experiment,the physiological indexes and genes related to saponin synthesis were determined by applying different concentration gradients of nitrogen to the medicinal plant P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis infested by AMF as the test material.It was found that nitrogen addition increased the biomass,chlorophyll content,and nutrient content of above-and below-ground plant parts and increased the content of saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis to some extent,but AMF inoculation increased the saponin content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis more significantly.AMF inoculation also promoted the expression of genes related to the saponin synthesis pathway,including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase(HMGS),squalene epoxidase 1(SE1),and cycloartenol synthase(CAS),which is in according with the accumulation of saponin in plants.It also may increase the saponin content of AMF plants by altering the expression of P450s and UGTs related to saponin synthesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473310,31260075,31560085)
文摘Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis(Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.is a rhizomatous,herbaceous,perennial plant that has been used for more than a thousand years in traditional Chinese medicine.It is facing extinction due to overharvesting.Steroids are the major therapeutic components in Paris roots,the commercial value of which increases with age.To date,no genomic data on the species have been available.In this study,transcriptome analysis of an 8-year-old root and a 4-year-old root provided insight into the metabolic pathways that generate the steroids.Using Illumina sequencing technology,we generated a high-quality sequence and demonstrated de novo assembly and annotation of genes in the absence of prior genome information.Approximately 87,577 unique sequences,with an average length of 614 bases,were obtained from the root cells.Using bioinformatics methods,we annotated approximately 65.51% of the unique sequences by conducting a similarity search with known genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information's non-redundant database.The unique transcripts were functionally classified using the Gene Ontology hierarchy and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Of 3082 genes that were identified as significantly differentially expressed between roots of different ages,1518(49.25%) were upregulated and 1564(50.75%) were downregulated in the older root.Metabolic pathway analysis predicted that 25 unigenes were responsible for the biosynthesis of the saponins steroids.These data represent a valuable resource for future genomic studies on this endangered species and will be valuable for efforts to genetically engineer P.polyphylla and facilitate saponin-rich plant development.
文摘滇重楼(P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis)是中国传统药用植物,多年生草本植物。很多研究已经证明,植物内生菌在植物次生代谢过程中起着十分关键的作用。鉴于此,本研究利用栽培于云南大理的滇重楼为实验材料,对其全株组织(叶,茎,根状茎)内生细菌进行了分离、纯化,并通过测序方法对其种类进行鉴定。结果显示滇重楼叶中内生细菌含有8属11种,茎中含有2属5种,根茎中含有9属11种。滇重楼不同组织中的内生细菌种属分布差异大,叶与根状茎中的内生细菌种类只共有鞘氨醇杆菌属,其余都不共有,而茎与叶、根状茎中的内生细菌都不相同,表明滇重楼内生细菌在不同组织中所体现的多样性及不同内生菌在分布上的差异性。本研究结果为后续滇重楼内生菌的多样性开发利用提供了科学依据,为未来滇重楼内生细菌深度挖掘与利用提供研究基础。
文摘在野外调查和数据收集的基础上,结合药用植物全球产地生态适宜性分析系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS),对中药重楼全球产地生态适宜性区域进行分析和评价。以重楼药材基原物种云南重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis和七叶一枝花P.polyphylla var.chinensis道地产区、主产区与野生分布区的采样点为依据,选取最冷季平均气温、最热季平均气温、年平均气温、年均降水量、年均相对湿度、年均日照强度和土壤类型7个生态指标作为主要参考因子,经过生态相似性比对分析得出云南重楼与七叶一枝花在全球范围内的生态适宜性产区和潜在种植区。结果表明云南重楼和七叶一枝花的最大生态相似度区域相似,在全球范围内主要分布在中国、巴西、美国、赞比亚、刚果、缅甸、坦桑尼亚、墨西哥、安哥拉及玻利维亚等19个国家。其中,中国的最大生态适宜性产区主要包括云南、四川、广西、湖南、湖北、广东、贵州、江西、福建和安徽等16个省区。该研究表明GMPGIS可以较好地应用于中药材引种及生产区划,研究结果可为重楼药材的资源保护和可持续利用提供参考依据。
