RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FACTOR Ⅷ CARRIER DETECTION USING DNA RFLPs IN CHINESE

RFLPs for XbaI, BelI and BglI sites of human FⅧwere informative for 48%, 41% and 15% of females studied, respectively. BglI RFLP is different from that reported by Chan et al, a fact suggests Yangtze River region population of China would be at variance with the Southern Chinese population in certain RFLP distribution. TaqI allelic system Ⅰin the DXS52 region also shows the same variance among them, but heterozygous rate 0f 71% for system Ⅰ(alleles 1 to 8) and 49% for system Ⅱ(αand βalleles) were very similar. Using the Bell/XbaI RFLPs, accurate information could be obtained from this study for 56% of women who were at risk for hemophilia A (HA) carriership. The carrier of the remaining 44% could be determined by utilizing the TaqI RFLP. In addition, we report a new intergenie polymorphism (9%) at DXS115 as a marker for detection of heterozygotes in families at risk for HA. The advantage of using the XbaI/KpnI RFLP is that both the intragemie RFLP and the new intergenie RFLP can be evaluated on the same blot at the same time.

RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM（RFLP） ANALYSIS OF GENOMIC DNA OF 5 STRAINS OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS IN CHINA

Five restriction endonucleases were used to digest genomic DNA from 5 isolates of Trichinella spiralis obtained from Changchun, Tianjin, Xian, Henan and Yunnan. All the isolates were secured from pigs except the Changchun strain which came from dog. The DNA fragments digested by endonuclease were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The Changchun isolate had a EcoRI band at 1. 12kb and a DraI band at 1. 97kb which were unique to this isolate. A cloned specific repetitive DNA sequence (1. 12kb) from the Changchun strain was selected to prepare a probe for the Southern blotting of EcoRI restriction DNA fragments for the 5 isolates. The 1.12kb hybridizing band did not appear except in the Changchun isolate.These results seem to indicate that there are differences between the isolates obtained from hosts in different geographical regions.

Comparing the frequencies of restriction fragment length polymorphisms for dystrophin gene in Chinese with those from Japanese and Caucasian populations

The restriction fragment length polymorphisms distribution and frequency of dystrophin gene in Chinese were studied by using 14 subclones of the entire 14kb cDNA for the dystrophin as hybridization probes. Allelic fragments were detected in hybridization patterns of PvuII/1a, Taq I/2b-3, Taq I/5b-7, and Xba I/10. Among them, the allelic fragments (26kb and 3.8kb) in PvuII/2b-3 pattern and the allelic fragments (10.0kb and 8.4kb) in Taq I/5b-7 patterns had never been reported previously. Compared with the data from Caucasians and Japanese, it indicated that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) of the allelic fragment frequency in Taq I/2b-3 and Xba I/10 patterns between Chinese and Caucasians. The frequencies of allelic fragments A2 (5.6kb) in Taq I/8 and A2 (10.7kb) in EcoR V/9 were high in Caucasians, yet had not been detected in Chinese, the differences were also highly significant. But in Chinese and Caucasians, the B1B2 allelic frequencies in Taq I/5b-7 are the same. As to the frequency of the allelic fragments A1A2 and B1B2 in Pvu II/1a, there was no significant difference between Chinese and Japanese.

Development of Fok-I based nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detection of hepatitis B virus X region V5M mutation

AIM: To develop a Fok-I nested polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis(PRA) method for the detection of hepatitis B virus X region(HBx) V5 M mutation.METHODS: Nested PCR was applied into DNAs from 198 chronic patients at 2 different stages [121 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and 77 carrier patients]. To identify V5 M mutants, digestion of nested PCR amplicons by the restriction enzyme Fok-I(GGA TGN9↓) was done. For size comparison, the enzymetreated products were analyzed by electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized on a UV transilluminator.RESULTS: The assay enabled the identification of 69 patients(sensitivity of 34.8%; 46 HCC patients and 23 carrier patients). Our data also showed that V5 M prevalence in HCC patients was significantly higher than in carrier patients(47.8%, 22/46 patients vs 0%, 0/23 patients, P < 0.001), suggesting that HBx Ag V5 M mutation may play a pivotal role in HCC generation in chronic patients with genotype C infections.CONCLUSION: The Fok-I nested PRA developed in this study is a reliable and cost-effective method to detect HBx Ag V5 M mutation in chronic patients with genotype C2 infection.

Diversity of Microflora in Colonic Mucus from Severe Ulcerative Colitis Patients Analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Clone Libraries of Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences

Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Group in Field Soil Evaluated by a Newly Developed Method Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

Spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria into environment is becoming a major public health problem, implicating affair of the indirect transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human through drinking water, or vegetables, or daily products. Until now, the risk of nosocomial infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria has mainly been evaluated using clinical isolates by phenotypic method. To evaluate a risk of community-acquired infection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, a new method has been developed based on PCR-RFLP without isolation. By comparing restriction fragment lengths of the 16S rDNA gene from bacterial mixture grown under antibiotic treatment to those simulated from the DNA sequence, bacterial taxonomies were elucidated using the method of Okuda and Watanabe [1] [2]. In this study, taxonomies of polymyxin B resistant bacteria group in field soils, paddy field with organic manure and upland field without organic manure were estimated without isolation. In the both field soils, the major bacteria grown under the antibiotic were B. cereus group, which had natural resistance to this antibiotic. In field applied with organic manure, Prevotella spp., and the other Cytophagales, which were suggested to be of feces origin and to acquire resistance to the antibiotic, were detected. When numbers of each bacterial group were roughly estimated by the most probable number method, B. cereus group was enumerated to be 3.30 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in paddy field soil and 1.32 × 106 MPN/g dry soil in upland filed. Prevotella spp. and the other Cytophagales in paddy field were enumerated to be 1.31 × 106 MPN, and 1.07 × 106 MPN·g-1 dry soil.

Bacterial Groups Concerned with Maturing Process in Manure Production Analyzed by a Method Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

Composting is a biological aerobic decomposition process consisted from different phases. Although the Japanese Standards for manure recommended that it took at least 6 months to complete the maturing phase, there was no reliable ground. In order to find out shortening method of the maturing phase, the microorganisms concerned with a progress of the maturing was determined by using the most probable number method (MPN) and PCR-RFLP of the 16S rDNA, which was found effective to provide numbers and taxonomy of polymyxin B resistant bacterial groups in the former paper [1]. Compared to the numbers after thermophilic phase, those of Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria increased to 50 times, 20 times, and 105 times, respectively, after maturing phase, while those of Bacillus spp., and α and β-proteobacteria decreased to 1/10, and 1/105 after maturing phase. Numbers of the other Fumicutes, and γ-proteobacteria remained in the same revel. Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria might be concerned with a progress of the maturing phase, because these bacterial groups were detected and enumerated due to their proliferation ability. Although number of Acitinobacteria might be underestimated because of a PCR bias, the method was found effective for the purpose to monitor bacteria actively proliferated in culture medium.

Evaluation of the Method Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis as Simple Analysis Method of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Foods

Lactic acid bacteria have not only been used to produce various kinds of fermented food, but also used as probiotic products. As lactic acid bacterial group was consisted from diverse genera, a simple inspection method by which numbers and contained microorganisms could be automatically analyzed without any preliminary information was required to use them more effectively. In this manuscript, lactic acid bacterial groups in commercial products of kimuchi, komekouji-miso, and yoghurt were identified and enumerated by our newly developed method [1]-[3], to evaluate whether the method could be used as an inspection method of various food samples. In kimuchi, numerically dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus sakei, and L. casei (1.4 × 104 MPN g-1) and Leuconostoc spp. (l.4 × 104 MPN). In kouji-miso, numerically dominant bacteria was Bacillus spp. (3 × 103 MPN), which mainly included B. subtilis group and B. cereus group. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp., or Lactococcus spp., included in the komekouji-miso, could be enumerated after 3 days incubation (1.24 × 104 MPN), but not detected after 7 days incubation. In yoghurt A and C, Lactococcus lactis was detected as numerically dominant lactic acid bacteria (3.0 × 105 MPN). In yoghurt B, Lactobacillus spp., or Lactococcus spp., was detected not only by a culturebased method but also by an unculture-based method, although there was a difference between the both estimated numbers. The present results suggested that the method might become useful as a simple inspection method of food microorganisms, because time and labor of the analysis could be reduced by using an unculture-based method and MCE-202 MultiNA. In this study, Bifidobacteriium spp. was not detected in B and C yoghurt, in spite of indicating their existence, and numbers of lactic acid bacteria were lower than the level of the daily product regulation, because 16S rDNA of Bifidobacteriium spp. might not be amplified by the used PCR condition. The PCR condition must be changed so as to amplify Bifidobacterium spp., before the method will be used as an inspection method for lactic acid bacteria.

The Use of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization to Investigate Microbiota of Piglets after Feeding Oregano

A total of 80 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment with dried oregano. The diets differed in their oregano content: 0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g oregano/kg feed, corresponding to 0, 23.5, 46.9 and 93.9 mg carvacrol/kg DM. After the experimental period of 5 weeks, 20 piglets of both extreme feeding groups were slaughtered: 10 animals of the control group and 10 animals of the group that received 8 g oregano/kg. Ingesta samples of jejunum, caecum and colon were collected and analyzed by FISH and PCR RFLP to compare the diversity of microbiota. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota in response to oregano. The patterns of the PCR-RFLP showed a similarity of 61.8% - 91.8% in both feeding groups. In conclusion, an effect of oregano on the in- testinal microbiota could not be shown under the methods used.

PCR-RFLP鉴定隐孢子虫种类研究

为快速、准确鉴别人畜隐孢子虫种类,建立了巢式PCR扩增隐孢子虫18SrRNA基因的特殊区域,扩增片段测序结果表明:安徽牛源分离株(Cryptosporidiummuris)781bp;北京鸡源分离株(C.baileyi)776bp;北京牛源分离株(C.muris)781bp;河南牛源分离株(C.muris)725bp;长春牛源分离株(C.muris)776bp;宁夏鸡源分离株(C.baileyi)725bp,该片段位于18SrRNA全序列271～1103bp之间。使用Ssp 限制性内切酶消化发现C.muris产生418～420bp和305～363bp两个片段,C.baileyi产生544～545bp和185～231bp两个片段。所检测的6个分离株可以显著区分为C.muris和C.baileyi两个种,所建立的PCR-RFLP可以有效鉴别隐孢子虫种类。

猪品种间ESR基因PCR-RFLP的初步研究

利用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术 ,检测了不同猪品种的ESR基因PvuⅡ RFLP。结果表明 :品种间基因频率差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。并试分析了PvuⅡ

中国脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型野毒株的PCR－RFLP法分析

近年来我国流行地区分离的脊髓灰质炎病毒多为Ⅰ型野毒。本文报导对我国一些省、自治区防疫站从急性驰缓性麻痹病人粪便中分离的７７株Ⅰ型野毒株，经ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ法分析结果，发现不同地区分离的野毒株在电泳图像上有明显差异。根据电泳图像所显示的三种酶切条带的数目，可分为１４个类型，而且同一省、自治区内不同地区（如新疆），或同一地区不同年份（如广东）的毒株也存在着明显差异。但在某些相邻省份如广东省与海南省，９２年流行毒株电泳图像完全一致。说明本法虽不如核酸序列分析精确，但在一定程度上也能反映毒株间的差异，有助于说明流行株的亲疏关系，可用于研究毒株的分子流行病学。

三大不同品种马mtDNA Cytb基因PCR-RFLP分析

用BamHⅠ、TaqⅠ、HaeⅢ、RsaⅠ和HincⅡ5种限制性内切酶通过PCR-RFLP技术检测了包括引入品种、培育品种和地方品种的6个类型(纯血马、三河马、乌珠穆沁马、锡尼河马、乌审马和矮马)共256匹马的mtDNACytb基因部分序列多态性。用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳将酶切产物分离,并用银染法显色。结果BamHⅠ和TaqⅠ表现出多态,5种酶共检测到7种态型,归纳为3种单倍型,以单倍型Ⅰ和Ⅲ为主体单倍型,但通过一个特殊的酶型BamHⅠ-B分析推测所研究的马可能起源于一个母系祖先。

应用PCR-RFLP和芯片生物分析系统鉴别河豚鱼品种

应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态分析和芯片生物分析系统建立5种河豚的分子生物学品种鉴定新方法。首先提取鱼的DNA进行细胞色素b基因的PCR扩增,然后用DdeⅠ、HaeⅢ和NlaⅢ三种限制性内切酶进行酶切,在Agilent DNA1000芯片上对酶切片段进行分离。该方法可成功区分5个河豚鱼品种,是一种快速、简便、有效的鱼类品种鉴定分析手段。

RT-PCR检测健康猪扁桃体和流产死胎猪瘟病毒的应用及RFLP分析

本研究用反转录＿聚合酶链反应(RT＿PCR)技术对广西部分猪场的健康猪扁桃体材料以及流产胎儿和死胎中的猪瘟病毒(HCV)进行检测。70份健康猪扁桃体材料中阳性11份,阳性率达15 7%;52份流产胎儿及死胎材料中检出阳性9份,阳性率达17 3%。表明广西猪场中有比较严重的健康带毒情况。用限制性片段长度多态性分析法(RFLP)对25份阳性材料、HCLV和石门毒的引物A1/A2的PCR产物进行分析,发现HCLV、石门强毒和广西流行野毒的RT＿PCR扩增产物中均有RsaⅠ的一个识别序列,但HCLV上的识别序列所在位置不同。本研究表明,用引物A1/A2作RT＿PCR检测,并结合RFLP分析技术可把兔化弱毒和流行野毒区分开来,这将对预防猪瘟起到十分重要的作用。

PCR-TRFLP研究托盘包装冷却猪肉冷藏过程中的菌相变化

应用PCR-末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-TRFLP),结合16S rRNA基因克隆文库和序列分析,研究托盘包装冷却猪肉在4℃贮藏过程中的菌相变化.结果表明:在整个贮藏过程的肉样TRFLP图谱中共产生35种谱带,表明冷却肉中微生物组成十分复杂;对应于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)的谱带峰在贮藏过程中变化明显,其相对峰面积由0 d的5.7%至贮藏末期达到83.4%,表明贮藏末期主要优势腐败菌为假单胞菌.

PCR-RFLP检测载脂蛋白CⅢ基因T-455C多态性方法的建立及应用

目的建立聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)检测载脂蛋白CⅢ(apoCⅢ)T-455C多态性的方法,探讨南通汉族人群中apoCⅢ多态性与高三酰甘油血症(HTG)的相关性。方法用PCR扩增apoCⅢ基因启动子区包含T-455C多态性在内的DNA片段,扩增产物用限制性内切酶BseGⅠ酶切后电泳,分析apoCⅢ基因型,同时采用生化方法检测研究对象的血脂和载脂蛋白水平。结果检测到3种基因型,分别为-455TT、-455TC和-455CC。HTG患者组和健康对照组apoCⅢ-455C等位基因频率(50.44%比33.11%)和apoCⅢ-455CC基因型频率(26.55%比12.16%)均有显著差异(P<0.01);C等位基因携带者患HTG的风险是非携带者的2.06倍(95%CI:1.31～3.24);-455C等位基因携带者有较高的三酰甘油(TG)和apoCⅢ蛋白水平(P<0.05)。结论PCR-RFLP是一种快速、敏感的分析apoCⅢ基因启动子区T-455C多态性的方法;apoCⅢ-455C等位基因与HTG的发生相关。

烟草可培养内生细菌16S rDNA的PCR-RFLP和系统发育分析

为了解烟草内生细菌的多样性,采用改良的NA培养基和稀释平板法从不同生长期的烟草的根、茎、叶中分离得到127株内生细菌。利用细菌16S rDNA特异引物扩增得到16S rDNA的部分片段,长约700 bp,分别用内切酶MspⅠ、HaeⅢ、AfaⅠ、HinfⅠ对扩增产物进行限制性酶切。16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析中,在100%相似性水平处,除了cj23、ty16、cg23、wy6、cj25、wy13、my23、ty7、cj14、cg25、cg2、cj13、my11,my27单独成群外,其余菌株分为15个分类操作单元,其中Otu1、Otu2,Otu27类群最大,分别包括了27、18,26个菌株。对29个代表菌株16S rDNA序列系统发育分析表明,这些菌株主要分布于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)分支,其余菌株分布于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobac-terium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、纳西杆菌属(Naxibacter)、贪铜菌属(Cupriavidus)、寡养食单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、克雷伯菌属(Klebsiella)、Bifissio属系统发育分支。通过Shannon多样性指数对不同生长期分离到的菌株进行多样性分析和比较,结果表明团棵期叶片中分离到的内生细菌多样性最大,随后是旺长期,苗期次之,成熟期最小。

PCR-RFLP鉴别念珠菌、曲霉和隐球菌的探讨

为快速鉴别 3类医学上重要真菌———念珠菌、曲霉和隐球菌 ,应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态(PCR RFLP)的分子生物学方法对白念珠菌、克柔念珠菌、季也蒙念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌、乳酒念珠菌、新生隐球菌格梯变种、新生隐球菌新生变种、罗伦隐球菌、烟曲霉、黄曲霉和杂色曲霉进行体外研究。经PCR念珠菌、曲霉和隐球菌均扩增出 3 10bp的DNA片段 ,再行限制性内切酶HaeIII消化后分别呈现 2条、4条和 3条片段。本实验建立的PCR RFLP技术鉴别念珠菌、曲霉和隐球菌感染 ,具有快速和特异的特点 ,是对PCR诊断的重要补充 ,有潜在的临床应用价值。