Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development.Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function.Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points:(1)Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease,and potentially,similar alterations occur in humans.(2)Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals’susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.(3)Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function.(4)Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers.These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways,our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.

Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis.However,whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown.In this study,we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor ModerⅢand performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days.Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord.RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation.Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway.Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord.Taken together,these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

PD-1/PDL-1抑制剂在头颈鳞癌中的研究现状

头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)是常见的恶性肿瘤,复发转移是其治疗失败的根本原因。随着近年来免疫治疗的探索,尤其是PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的临床应用,已在多种恶性肿瘤中证明了其有效性和安全性。在复发/转移性(recurrent/metastatic,R/M)HNSCC中,指南推荐帕博利珠单抗和纳武利尤单抗作为一线治疗的选择方案。尽管免疫疗法在HNSCC中取得了初步胜利,但因其临床应用响应率低、免疫应激、耐药等问题,在治疗上仍极具挑战。如何实现精准免疫治疗获益仍是目前亟需探索新的治疗模式。通过研究PD-1/PD-L1通路有助于了解免疫治疗的作用机制,发掘更多的潜在获益人群,探索新治疗策略。因此,本文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在HNSCC中的临床应用现状做一综述,为临床治疗策略提供参考。

Downregulation of MUC1 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis by Inactivating NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective To investigate the effect of mucin 1(MUC1)on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and its regulatory mechanism.Methods The 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital.The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)in the patients with PNC.The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control(si-control)or siRNA targeting MUC1(si-MUC1).Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay,and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells.The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-αand IL-6.Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1,NFкB and apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and Bcl-2).Results The expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues,and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection,growth and metastasis of NPC.Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features,including the proliferation and apoptosis,downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells.Conclusion Downregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy,including cell proliferation and apoptosis,by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

LRP1 facilitates hepatic glycogenesis by improving the insulin signaling pathway in HFD-fed mice

Background: LDL receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) is a cell-surface receptor that functions in diverse physiological pathways. We previously demonstrated that hepatocyte-specific LRP1 deficiency(hLRP1KO) promotes diet-induced insulin resistance and increases hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. However, it remains unclear whether LRP1 regulates hepatic glycogenesis.Methods: Insulin signaling, glycogenic gene expression, and glycogen content were assessed in mice and HepG2 cells. The pcDNA 3.1 plasmid and adeno-associated virus serotype 8 vector(AAV8) were used to overexpress the truncated β-chain(βΔ) of LRP1 both in vitro and in vivo.Results: On a normal chow diet, hLRP1KO mice exhibited impaired insulin signaling and decreased glycogen content. Moreover, LRP1 expression in HepG2 cells was significantly repressed by palmitate in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Both LRP1 knockdown and palmitate treatment led to reduced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, increased levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase(GYS), and diminished glycogen synthesis in insulin-stimulated HepG2 cells, which was restored by exogenous expression of the βΔ-chain. By contrast, AAV8-mediated hepatic βΔ-chain overexpression significantly improved the insulin signaling pathway, thus activating glycogenesis and enhancing glycogen storage in the livers of high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice.Conclusion: Our data revealed that LRP1, especially its β-chain, facilitates hepatic glycogenesis by improving the insulin signaling pathway, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for hepatic insulin resistance-related diseases.

Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

Pachymic acid exerts antitumor activities by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B

Objective:To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.Methods:CCK-8,wound healing,Transwell,Western blot,tube formation,and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation,metastasis,angiogenesis as well as autophagy.Subsequently,molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Moreover,PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid.Results:Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability,metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy.It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression.However,PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis,angiogenesis,and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a andβ-catenin in LUAD cells.Conclusions:Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis,and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

Exploring the effect of Bushen Bitong recipe-containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis based on SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway

Objective:To observe the effect and possible mechanism of action of Bushen Bitong recipe(BSBT)containing serum on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis.Methods:Generation 3 rat chondrocytes were randomized into Control,IL-1β,IL-1β+BSBT(L),IL-1β+BSBT(M),and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups(5%,10%and 15%BSBT-containing serum),and then 24h after intervention respectively,the cell proliferation and Apoptosis rate;Western blot detected the expression levels of Bcl-2,BAX,Caspase-3,SOX9,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 proteins in chondrocytes.ELISA detected the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and bFGF in the supernatants of chondrocyte culture.Results:Compared with Control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,apoptosis rate increased,NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level increased,and SOX9 protein level and bFGF level decreased in IL-1βgroup;compared with IL-1βgroup,different concentrations of BSBT-containing serum group,cell proliferation activity increased,and apoptosis rate decreased.NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-α,IL-6 level decreased,SOX9 protein level and bFGF level increased;compared with IL-1β+BSBT(L)group,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased in IL-1β+BSBT(M)and IL-1β+BSBT(H)groups,and NF-κB p65,MMP-13 protein level and TNF-αlevel decreased.13 protein levels and TNF-αand IL-6 levels decreased,and SOX9 protein levels and bFGF levels increased.Conclusion:BSBT-containing serum may promote IL-1β-induced proliferation of chondrocytes,reduce apoptosis,improve the microenvironment of chondrocytes,and promote cartilage repair through the SOX9/NF-κB/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

Electroacupuncture improves myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by attenuating ECM collagen deposition through modulation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway

Background: To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rat models of heart failure, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of electroacupuncture in heart failure treatment. Methods: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: Sham group, Model group, and electroacupuncture (Model + EA) group, with each group comprising 8 rats. The model underwent a procedure involving the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce a model of heart failure. The Model + EA group was used for 7 consecutive days for electroacupuncture of bilateral Shenmen (HT7) and Tongli (HT5), once a day for 30 min each time. Left ventricular parameters in rats were assessed using a small-animal ultrasound machine to analyze changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. Serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin (cTn), and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor levels were measured using ELISA. Histopathological changes in rat myocardium were observed through HE staining, while collagen deposition in rat myocardial tissue was assessed using the Masson staining method. Picro sirius red staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were utilized to distinguish between the various types of collagen deposition. The expression level of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4/7 mRNA in rat myocardial tissues was determined using RT-qPCR. Additionally, western blot analysis was conducted to assess the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3/7, and p-SMAD3 in rat myocardial tissues. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening values of the Model group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01);the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume values were remarkably increased (P < 0.01);serum N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor content was increased (P < 0.01);serum IL-1β and cTn levels were increased (P < 0.01);myocardial collagen volume fraction were increased (P < 0.01);and those of the expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD2/3/4 mRNA was increased (P < 0.01);the expression of SMAD7 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.01);the protein expression levels of TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 were increased (P < 0.01);the protein expression level of SMAD7 was decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model group. Compared to the Model group, the expression levels of the proteins TGF-β1, SMAD3, and p-Smad3 in myocardial tissue were found to be decreased (P < 0.01), and the expression level of the protein SMAD7 was found to be increased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group;the collagen volume fraction and deposition of type Ⅰ /Ⅲ collagen were decreased (P < 0.01) in the Model + EA group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture alleviates myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure, and this effect is likely due to attributed to the modulation of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, which helps reduce collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix.

Exploring the mechanism of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on acute colitis rats based on JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway in electroacupuncture of different acupoints on acute colitis rats.Methods:36 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups,with 6 rats in each group.The rat model of acute colitis was prepared by enema with glacial acetic acid solution.After the model was established,electroacupuncture was given to each acupoint group,with density wave,frequency 2Hz-50 Hz,intensity 2 mA,muscle tremor as the degree 20 min/time,1 time/day,for 3 consecutive days.Observe the general condition of rats;the pathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by HE method.The contents of serum interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by ELISA.Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of JAK2,STAT3,SOCS1 protein and mRNA in rat colon tissue.Results:In contrast to the normal group,the overall condition of the model group was worse,the colonic mucosa was severely damaged,even necrotic,and the ulcer surface was obvious.The content of IL-4 in serum was obviously reduced,and the content of IL-8 was obviously go up(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously go up,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously reduced(P<0.01).In contrast to the model group,the general condition of rats in each acupoint group was significantly improved,the damage and necrosis of colonic mucosa and ulcer surface were obviously alleviated,the content of IL-4 in serum was obviously go up,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The protein content of JAK2,STAT3 and the expression of JAK2,STAT3 mRNA in colon tissue of rats were obviously reduced,while the protein content of SOCS1 and the expression of SOCS1 mRNA were obviously go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Comparison of different acupoint groups,the colonic mucosal injury in the Zusanli group was significantly reduced,the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased,and the content of IL-8 was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The protein content and mRNA expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in colon tissue were significantly down-regulated,while the protein content and mRNA expression of SOCS1 were significantly go up(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at each acupoint can improve the damage of colonic mucosa and reduce the inflammatory response.The therapeutic effect of Zusanli(ST36)is better than that of Tianshu(ST25),Dachangshu(BL25)and Shangjuxu(ST37).The mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling pathway related proteins and inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-8.

X-Paste improves wound healing in diabetes via NF-E2-related factor/HO-1 signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU),as severe complications of diabetes mellitus(DM),significantly compromise patient health and carry risks of amputation and mortality.AIM To offer new insights into the occurrence and development of DFU,focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms of X-Paste(XP)of wound healing in diabetic mice.METHODS Employing traditional Chinese medicine ointment preparation methods,XP combines various medicinal ingredients.High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)identified XP’s main components.Using streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic,we aimed to investigate whether XP participated in the process of diabetic wound healing.RNA-sequencing analyzed gene expression differences between XP-treated and control groups.Molecular docking clarified XP’s treatment mechanisms for diabetic wound healing.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to investigate the effects of Andrographolide(Andro)on cell viability,reactive oxygen species generation,apoptosis,proliferation,and metastasis in vitro following exposure to high glucose(HG),while NF-E2-related factor-2(Nrf2)knockdown elucidated Andro’s molecular mechanisms.RESULTS XP notably enhanced wound healing in mice,expediting the healing process.RNA-sequencing revealed Nrf2 upregulation in DM tissues following XP treatment.HPLC identified 21 primary XP components,with Andro exhibiting strong Nrf2 binding.Andro mitigated HG-induced HUVECs proliferation,metastasis,angiogenic injury,and inflammation inhibition.Andro alleviates HG-induced HUVECs damage through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation,with Nrf2 knockdown reducing Andro’s proliferative and endothelial protective effects.CONCLUSION XP significantly promotes wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic models.As XP’s key component,Andro activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,enhancing cell proliferation,tubule formation,and inflammation reduction.

基于FAERS数据库的PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂免疫相关不良事件信号分析

目的基于美国FAERS数据库挖掘帕博利珠单抗、纳武利尤单抗、阿替利珠单抗、度伐利尤单抗的免疫相关不良事件(irAE)信号,为降低临床用药风险和药品上市后安全性监测提供导向和参考。方法提取美国FAERS数据库2012年第四季度至2022年第一季度的不良事件报告,采用报告比值比法、MHRA综合标准法、贝叶斯置信递进神经网络法(BCPNN)展开信号检测,应用标准MedDRA分析查询(Standardized MedDRA Queries,SMQ)在特定“免疫介导/自身免疫性疾病”中广义检索irAEs信号,分析四种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂导致irAEs的共有特征。结果统计分析结果显示,纳武利尤单抗不良事件报告数最多且逐年增幅最大,不良事件患者中男性群体和老年群体占比较高,且主要临床结局为其他严重的重要医疗事件、住院和死亡。信号检测结果显示,四种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂共检出23个irAEs信号,包括脑炎、重症肌无力、甲状腺疾病、类天疱疮、结肠炎、肌炎、肝炎、暴发性1型糖尿病等,累及11个系统器官分类(SOC);其中年龄差异性信号较多,主要表现为免疫性血小板减少症、肌炎、心肌炎在老年群体中高发。结论PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂irAEs信号累及SOC范围较广泛,建议临床用药前详细询问患者既往病史,尤其需要关注老年群体的用药风险,加强免疫相关不良事件的早期管理和迅速评估;注重中国用药群体免疫相关不良事件数据的收集和分析,挖掘其不良反应特征,不断完善药品说明书,促进我国临床安全、合理使用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂。

PD1/PDL1信号途径在小鼠变应性鼻炎发病中的作用

目的探讨PD1/PDL1信号途径在小鼠变应性鼻炎发病中的作用。方法将24只BALB/c小鼠随机分为四组,每组6只。模型组、PDL1单克隆抗体组、PDL1重组蛋白组均给予卵清蛋白(OVA)诱发变应性鼻炎,PDL1单克隆抗体组和PDL1重组蛋白组再分别给予PDL1单克隆抗体、PDL1重组蛋白处理;对照组在相同时间点给予生理盐水。采用叠加量化记分法进行搔鼻、喷嚏及鼻溢症状评价;采用免疫组化检测鼻黏膜组织PD1、PDL1阳性细胞积分光密度值;采用ELISA法检测血清TGF-β、IL-10、IL-17水平;采用Western blotting法检测鼻黏膜组织调节性T细胞(Treg)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)特异性转录因子Foxp3、RORγt表达。结果对照组、模型组、PDL1单克隆抗体组、PDL1重组蛋白组行为学评分分别为0、(6.17±0.98)、(7.33±0.82)、(3.17±1.17)分,四组间比较P均<0.01。与对照组比较,模型组、PDL1单克隆抗体组血清TGF-β、IL-10水平降低,血清IL-17水平升高,鼻黏膜组织Foxp3蛋白相对表达量降低、RORγt蛋白相对表达量升高,组间比较P均<0.01。与模型组比较,PDL1单克隆抗体组血清TGF-β、IL-10水平下降,血清IL-17水平增加,PDL1单克隆抗体组鼻黏膜组织Foxp3蛋白相对表达量降低、RORγt蛋白相对表达水平升高;PDL1重组蛋白干预组血清TGF-β、IL-10水平升高,血清IL-17水平降低,鼻黏膜组织Foxp3蛋白相对表达量升高、RORγt相对表达量降低;组间比较P<0.05或<0.01。结论 PD1/PDL1信号通路参与过敏性鼻炎的发生、发展,下调TGF-β、IL-10、Foxp3表达,上调IL-17、RORrt表达,可能是PDL1抑制过敏性鼻炎发生的机制之一。

9例肺腺癌患者应用PD1/PDL1抑制剂行超适应证治疗的护理

目的探讨PD1/PDL1抑制剂在9例肺腺癌患者超适应证治疗中的护理方法及效果。方法 9例患者中有2例出现不同程度的疲劳;2例出现皮疹、瘙痒,1例出现天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高,1例出现腹泻,1例出现中性粒细胞减少。给予针对性心理护理、不良反应护理和出院随访。结果通过精心治疗与护理,9例肿瘤晚期患者在PD1/PDL1抑制剂的治疗中,均取得了一定的疗效;不良反应均得到及时解决。结论 PD1/PDL1抑制剂在肿瘤超适应证治疗的护理中,做好患者及家属的心理护理是前提,做好用药期间的安全护理及不良反应护理是关键和重点,运用强大的网络平台做好出院随访是支持。

PD1及PDL1在乳腺癌中的表达变化及其与患者临床病理参数和预后的关系

目的探讨程序性死亡受体1(PD1)及细胞程序性死亡配体1(PDL1)在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其与患者临床病理参数、预后的关系。方法回顾性选取2017年2月至2019年2月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的乳腺癌患者186例。检测乳腺癌组织和癌旁组织PD1及PDL1表达情况,分析乳腺癌组织PD1及PDL1表达情况及其与临床病理参数、预后的关系。结果乳腺癌组织PD1及PDL1表达阳性率为79.57%、79.57%,均高于癌旁组织(48.39%、22.58%),阴性率为20.43%、20.43%,均低于癌旁组织(51.61%、77.42%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组织学分级Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者的乳腺癌组织PD1表达阳性率为87.10%、87.18%,高于Ⅰ级患者(56.52%),有淋巴结转移患者的乳腺癌组织PD1表达阳性率为90.48%,高于无淋巴结转移患者(70.59%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临床分期Ⅲ~Ⅴ期患者的乳腺癌组织PDL1表达阳性率为93.55%,高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者(72.58%),组织学分级Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者的乳腺癌组织PDL1表达阳性率为87.18%、83.87%,高于Ⅰ级患者(60.87%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。乳腺癌组织PD1及PDL1表达阳性患者的生存时间为(29.80±1.07)、(30.48±1.03)个月,均短于阴性患者[(34.73±1.22)、(34.04±1.36)个月],3年生存率59.46%、60.81%,均低于阴性患者(94.74%、84.21%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PD1及PDL1在乳腺癌中的表达阳性率增高,且与患者临床病理参数、预后的关系密切。

基于PD-1/PD-L1信号通路探讨麦门冬汤对特发性肺纤维化小鼠的影响

目的探讨麦门冬汤对博来霉素(BLM)诱导的特发性肺纤维化(IPF)小鼠的影响,并探究其对免疫调控的作用。方法气管滴注BLM建立IPF小鼠模型,将小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、吡非尼酮组(0.3 g/kg)及麦门冬汤高、中、低剂量组(18、9、4.5 g/kg)。采用HE和Masson染色、ELISA法、流式细胞术和免疫组织化学法检测小鼠肺组织病理变化、Collagen I、HYP及TGF-β1水平、血浆中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例、肺组织p-STAT3、PD-1、PD-L1和IL-17A表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肺系数升高(P<0.01),肺组织中大量炎性细胞浸润、胶原纤维沉积,肺纤维化评分升高(P<0.01),Collagen I、HYP、TGF-β1水平增加(P<0.01),血浆中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例增加(P<0.01),肺组织p-STAT3、PD-1、PD-L1、IL-17A表达升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,麦门冬汤组小鼠肺系数降低(P<0.05),肺组织炎性细胞浸润和胶原纤维沉积减少,肺纤维化评分降低(P<0.05),Collagen I、HYP、TGF-β1水平减少(P<0.05),血浆中PD-1^(+)CD4^(+)T细胞比例减少(P<0.05),肺组织p-STAT3、PD-1、PD-L1、IL-17A表达降低(P<0.05)。结论麦门冬汤可减少细胞外基质(ECM)沉积,延缓IPF进程,其机制可能与抑制STAT3/PD-1/PD-L1免疫调控信号通路有关。

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic stem cells in treating aplastic anemia in mice via MAPK pathway

BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia(AA)presents a significant clinical challenge as a life-threatening condition due to failure to produce essential blood cells,with the current the-rapeutic options being notably limited.AIM To assess the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg1 on AA,specifically its protective effects,while elucidating the mechanism at play.METHODS We employed a model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide(CTX)in C57 mice,followed by administration of ginsenoside Rg1 over 13 d.The invest-igation included examining the bone marrow,thymus and spleen for pathological changes via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Moreover,orbital blood of mice was collected for blood routine examinations.Flow cytometry was employed to identify the impact of ginsenoside Rg1 on cell apoptosis and cycle in the bone marrow of AA mice.Additionally,the study further evaluated cytokine levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed the expression of key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway via western blot.RESULTS Administration of CTX led to significant damage to the bone marrow’s structural integrity and a reduction in hematopoietic cells,establishing a model of AA.Ginsenoside Rg1 successfully reversed hematopoietic dysfunction in AA mice.In comparison to the AA group,ginsenoside Rg1 provided relief by reducing the induction of cell apoptosis and inflammation factors caused by CTX.Furthermore,it helped alleviate the blockade in the cell cycle.Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated myelosuppression in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 addresses AA by alleviating myelosuppression,primarily through modulating the MAPK signaling pathway,which paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy in treating AA,highlighting the potential of ginsenoside Rg1 as a beneficial intervention.

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在结直肠癌治疗中的机制研究进展

免疫治疗在肿瘤治疗中占据着重要地位,已知T细胞表面的程序性死亡受体-1(programmed death receptor-1,PD-1)与肿瘤细胞上的PD-1配体1(PD-1 ligand 1,PD-L1)结合可以阻止T细胞对肿瘤细胞的免疫杀伤作用,促进肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸。本文围绕PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂介绍了其在结直肠癌治疗中存在的问题,结直肠癌中PI3K/AKT、JAK/STAT、MAPK、NF-κB等信号通路与PD-1/PD-L1的相互作用机制,进一步探讨了PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂与肠道微生物、化疗、放疗、靶向和天然化合物的治疗研究。

SOCS3调控JAK/STAT3通路对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂所致小鼠心脏毒性的影响

目的 探讨细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(SOCS3)通过调控酪氨酸激酶/转录激活因子3(JAK/STAT3)通路影响巨噬细胞M1型极化的作用机制,及其对程序性死亡受体1/程序性死亡配体1(PD-1/PD-L1)抑制剂所致小鼠心脏毒性的影响。方法 将RAW 264.7细胞分为对照组、LPS组、pc-NC组、pc-SOCS3组、si-NC组、si-SOCS3组及抑制剂组,细胞转染相应质粒并使用100 ng/mL LPS干预;50只SPF级6周龄BALB/c小鼠分为正常组、模型组、NC组、SOCS3组及抑制剂组,每组10只,除正常组外,其余各组小鼠通过腹腔注射PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂BMS-1 10 mg/kg建立PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂诱导的小鼠心脏毒性模型,并通过尾静脉注射相应质粒或腹腔注射相应药物。HE染色观察小鼠心脏组织病理;ELISA法检测细胞上清和小鼠血清IL-10、TNF-α和IL-1β水平;Western blot检测细胞SOCS3、CD86、CD80以及JAK/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果 细胞过表达SOCS3会促进巨噬细胞细胞炎症因子水平和M1型极化,并抑制JAK/STAT3通路相关蛋白表达;细胞SOCS3低表达后,细胞炎症因子水平降低,并抑制巨噬细胞M1型极化,激活JAK/STAT3通路(P<0.05);BMS-1干预后小鼠心脏组织损伤严重,心脏指数、血清炎症水平及CD86、CD80蛋白表达明显升高,JAK/STAT3通路相关蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05);过表达SOCS3组小鼠心脏损伤减轻,心脏指数、血清炎症因子及心脏CD86、CD80蛋白表达明显降低,JAK/STAT3通路相关蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05);JAK/STAT3通路抑制剂AG490逆转了低表达SOCS3对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂诱导小鼠心脏损伤减轻作用和M1型巨噬细胞极化作用。结论 低表达SOCS3可通过激活JAK/STAT3通路抑制巨噬细胞M1型极化并减轻PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂所致小鼠心脏毒性。