Numerical Analysis on Temperature Distribution in a Single Cell of PEFC Operated at Higher Temperature by1D Heat Transfer Model and 3D Multi-Physics Simulation Model

This study is to understand the impact of operating conditions, especially initial operation temperature (Tini) which is set in a high temperature range, on the temperature profile of the interface between the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and the catalyst layer at the cathode (i.e., the reaction surface) in a single cell of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). A 1D multi-plate heat transfer model based on the temperature data of the separator measured using the thermograph in a power generation experiment was developed to evaluate the reaction surface temperature (Treact). In addition, to validate the proposed heat transfer model, Treact obtained from the model was compared with that from the 3D numerical simulation using CFD software COMSOL Multiphysics which solves the continuity equation, Brinkman equation, Maxwell-Stefan equation, Butler-Volmer equation as well as heat transfer equation. As a result, the temperature gap between the results obtained by 1D heat transfer model and those obtained by 3D numerical simulation is below approximately 0.5 K. The simulation results show the change in the molar concentration of O2 and H2O from the inlet to the outlet is more even with the increase in Tini due to the lower performance of O2 reduction reaction. The change in the current density from the inlet to the outlet is more even with the increase in Tini and the value of current density is smaller with the increase in Tini due to the increase in ohmic over-potential and concentration over-potential. It is revealed that the change in Treact from the inlet to the outlet is more even with the increase in Tini irrespective of heat transfer model. This is because the generated heat from the power generation is lower with the increase in Tini due to the lower performance of O2 reduction reaction.

国际森林认证体系PEFC最新发展概况

PEFC作为国际两大认证体系之一,致力于推动全球森林资源的可持续发展。近20年,PEFC逐渐发展成为全球最大的森林认证体系,在会员国数量、森林认证面积、产销监管链、标准体系及业务重点等方面均取得重要进展。本文对PEFC的最新发展概况进行了梳理分析,以期为同领域的管理和研究部门提供借鉴和参考。

亚太森博通过PEFC-CoC产销监管链认证

本刊讯 近日，亚太森博（山东）浆纸有限公司收到了由sGs（通标标准技术服务有限公司）颁发的PEFC-C0c产销监管链认证证书，认证标准为PEFC ST 2002：2013 Chain of Custody of Forest Based Products-Requirements,认证范围包括木浆和白卡纸板的生产和销售。

PEFC化疗方案治疗20例原发性输卵管癌

目的 :研究PEFC(卡铂或顺铂、依托泊苷、氟尿嘧啶和环磷酰胺 )方案治疗原发性输卵管癌的治疗作用。方法 :41例原发性输卵管癌患者按化疗方案不同分成两组 ,治疗组 :2 0例患者接受PEFC方案化疗 ,对照组 :2 1例患者接受CAP(卡铂或顺铂、多柔比星、环磷酰胺 )方案化疗。结果 :PEFC组和CAP组一、三、五年无进展生存率分别为 1 0 0 %、67.34 %、67.34 % ;76 .1 9%、51 .88%、45 .40 % (P <0 .0 5)。PEFC组有 6例复发 ,CAP组有 1 3复发(P <0 .0 5)。结论 :PEFC方案化疗延缓肿瘤的复发 。

中国森林认证体系(CFCS)与森林认证体系认可计划(PEFC)实现互认

从PEFC中国办公室官网获知，中国森林认证体系（CFCS）与森林认证体系认可计划（PEFC）于2014年2月5日实现了互认。

Impact Analysis of MPL on a PEFC Cell’s Temperature Distribution with Thin PEM and GDL for Operating at Higher Temperature than Usual

According to the New Energy and Industry Technology Development Organization(NEDO)road map 2017 of Japan,polymer electrolyte fuel cell(PEFC)system is required to be operated at 90°C and 100°C for stationary and mobility applications,respectively.However,the general PEFC,which has Nafion membrane is operated within the temperature range between 60°C and 80°C.It is important to understand the temperature distribution in a PEFC cell for analyzing performance on working life span of PEFC.This study focuses on the combination of thin polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)and thin gas diffusion layer(GDL)to improve power generation performance under relatively higher temperature operation conditions.In addition,this study also focuses on effect of micro porous layer(MPL),which can promote the mass transfer,over temperature distribution.The key aim of this study is to analyze impact of MPL of temperature distribution on the reaction surface(Treact)of a cell of PEFC using thin PEM and GDL with variations of H2 and O2 supply flow rates and their relative humidity(RH)with changing the initial operating temperature(Tini)from 80°C to 100°C.As a result,the distribution of Treact without MPL,for anode and cathode at 80%RH and Tini at 80°C and 90°C,is higher than normal conditions.There is a small difference in temperature distribution among different RH conditions with MPL.The distributions of Treact are relatively flat and almost the same among different RH conditions without MPL at Tini=100°C,while the distributions of Treact with MPL are almost the same among different RH conditions.This study is revealed that more even temperature distribution and higher power generation performance can be obtained in the case without MPL compared to the case with MPL.

森林认证体系认可计划(PEFC)及其国际互认概况

介绍了森林认证体系认可计划(PEFC)的发展背景及其作用、该体系的互认流程及主要关注内容、目前该体系的国际互认概况,论述了中国森林认证体系(CFCS)与该体系的互认对于促进中国林产品出口和国际市场准入、推动中国森林的可持续经营以及全球森林可持续经营的积极意义。

Comparison of Isobaric and Non-isobaric Operations on a Two-Phase Dynamic Model for PEFC Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer

Key words,： Two 1-D dynamical and isothermal models of cathode gas diffusion layer（GDL） with isobaric and non-isobaric operations for polymer electrolyte fuel cells（PEFCs） were developed and implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics v3.5.The artificial diffusion coefficient was introduced as well to make the numerical computation be stable.In the non-isobaric model,the pressure of gas mixture was obtained by summing up the governing equations of gaseous components,instead of Navier-Stoks equation.Comparison of the two models were carried out with the steady-states and dynamical simulations under given conditions.The corresponding analysis based on the simulated results was also given simultaneously.This paper is contributed to finding the differences between the isobaric and non-isobaric operation in the two-phase model of cathode GDL.

使用真空电浆技术制备PEFC燃料电池白金触媒粉体及其性能研究

本实验使用磁控溅镀法制作高分子电解质燃料电池碳电极之Pt触媒颗粒层,并研究背景真空度及临场退火热处理等制程参数对Pt披覆型碳电极的影响.实验结果显示,在背景真空度为1.0×10-2Torr制备之Pt披覆型电极之阳极放电效能为最高(在负载为0.6 v的条件下,电流密度为306 mA/cm2),比商用碳电极的电流密度高25%.

金东纸业通过PEFC／COC认证

近日，金东纸业（江苏）有限公司成功通过了SGS公司对PEFC产销监管链（COC）的现场审核，并取得COC证书，证书编号为：SGS-PEFC／COC-0263，目前国内造纸行业仅两家企业通过PEFC森林体系认证。

Improved Optimal Operation Planning Method Based on Tabu Search for Residential PEFC-CGS Considering Ramping Rate

This paper proposes an improved optimal operation planning method for residential PEFC-CGS (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel CellCo-Generation System). Residential PEFC-CGS has recently been gathering attention as one of the distributed power sources with high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Previous research pointed out that the output variations of PEFC adversely affect the durability. It can be surmised that smaller output variations will be desired to extend durability years. However, in this field, ramping rate have not been sufficiently considered. For local search and tabu search, ramping rate constraint makes our operation planning difficult because it restricts the search for feasible neighborhood solutions. Therefore, the authors proposed a method to deal with typical and harsher ramping rate constraints in comparison with conventional methods. There are two key points for the improvement. One is the reinforcement of the search along the output power axis;the other is to make use of the strategy of tabu search which avoids the local optimal solutions. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in the daily operation planning. Furthermore, in the case using typical ramping rate parameter, it is confirmed that tabu search doesn’t contribute the reduction of daily operational cost due to the above stated restriction of the search area.

Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distributions in Single Cell of PEFC by Heat Transfer Model Considering Vapor Transfer

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell(PEFC)is required to be operated at temperature at 100℃ for fuel cell vehicle applications during the period from 2020 to 2025 in Japan.It is expected that micro porous layer(MPL)and thinner polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)would enhance the power generation performance of PEFC at this temperature.The key objective of this study is to analyse the impact of MPL and thickness of PEM on the temperature distributions of interface between the PEM and catalyst layer at the cathode(i.e.,the reaction surface)in a single PEFC.A 1D multi-plate heat transfer model,considering vapor transfer,which is based on temperature data of separator measured using thermograph in power generation process.It is developed to evaluate temperature at the reaction surface.This study is investigated the effect of flow rate and relative humidity of supply gases on temperature distribution on reaction surface.The study reveals that the impact of flow rate of supply gas on temperature distribution on reaction surface is smaller with and without MPL.It is observed that the even temperature distribution on reaction surface as well as higher power generation performance can be obtained with MPL irrespective of thickness of PEM and relative humidity conditions.

全球首款获PEFC认证的数码打样纸张问世

据英国（（印刷周刊》报道：近日，德国纸张生产供应商Tecco公司正式对外公布全球第一款获得世界最大的森林认证组织PEFC（森林认证体系认可计划）官方认证的数码打样纸张——EFI CertProof Paper 6225XF。

通过换版及扩项PEFC认证

本刊讯（金东纸业 消息）近日，金东纸业顺利通过SGS公司对PEFC产销监管链的扩项审查，并取得了证书。本次审查严格按照新标准PEFC ST 2002：2010的要求执行，并增加了浆、纸贸易的认证范围。同时为了满足新标准要求，加强金东纸业PEFC产销监管链供应链的管理，从2011年7月份起对12家贸易公司进行辅导培训，帮助12家贸易公司全部通过PEFC产销监管链认证并取得证书。

APP加大PEFC认证产品供应

本刊讯（APP消息）继早先APP旗下供应商拥有的30万公顷人工林获得印尼森林认证合作组织（IFCC）认证后，APP又于近日宣布将于今年年底前实现为全球客户提供更多种类经由森林认证体系认可计划（PEFC）认证的产品。现已获得IFCC-PEFC认证的30．64万公顷人工林分别由APP位于印尼廖内省的两大供应商PT．Arara Abadi和PT．Satria Perkasa Agung运营管理，此外还有逾100万公顷的人工林已进入IFCC-PEFC认证最后阶段，预计很快将完成认证。

芬欧蓝泰亚太区工厂均获得FSC和PEFC认证

据悉，芬欧蓝泰标签在马来西亚工厂生产的一系列不干胶标签产品及其在泰国、印度尼西亚、越南和印度的分切配送中心已经获得FSC和PEFC监管链认证。至此，所有芬欧蓝泰标签的亚太地区工厂均获得FSC和PEFC的认证。

芬欧蓝泰标签芬兰坦佩雷工厂获得FSC~和PEFC监管链认证

近日，芬欧蓝泰标签芬兰坦佩雷工厂所生产的一系列纸类标签获得了FSC和PEFC监管链认证。这两项认证有力证明了芬欧蓝泰标签芬兰坦佩雷工厂生产纸类标签所使用的全部木材纤维的可持续性和合法性。

DIN和ABNT反对FSC和PEFC排斥新的ISO产销监管链(CoC)

近日，森林管理委员会（FSC）和森林认证计划（PEFC）呼吁ISO成员不支持待开发的用于认证现行森林产品的ISO标准的一项提案。这项提案由DIN（德国标准化协会）和ABNT（巴西技术标准协会）发起，其目的是制定一个新的全球统一的标准监管链，这将减少目前进行多项认证的成本。

Influence of Cell Components Structure on Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Single-Cell PEFC

The purpose of this study is to point out the dominant factor of heat and mass distribution in single-cell PEFC （polymer electrolyte fuel cell）. The numerical simulation by simple 3D model to clarify the influence of cell components structure on heat and mass transfer phenomena as well as power generation experiment and measurement of in-plane temperature distribution by thermograph was carried out. From the simulation, the gas channel pitch of separator was the key factor to unify in-plane distribution of temperature and gas concentration on reaction surface in cell. The compression of GDL （gas diffusion layer） by cell binding caused wider distribution of mass concentration in GDL. From the experiment, the power generation performance was promoted with decreasing gas channel pitch. The temperature range in observation area was reduced with decreasing gas channel pitch. It can be concluded that the power generation performance is promoted by decreasing gas channel pitch.

芬欧蓝泰标签在芬兰的标签生产获得FSC和PEFC认证

2011年3月17日，芬欧蓝泰标签芬兰坦佩雷工厂所生产的一系列标签获得了FSC和PEFC监管链认证。这两项认证证明了坦佩雷所生产纸类标签使用的全部木材纤维的可持续性和合法性。