Design and Analysis of Power and Transmission System of Downhole Pure Electric Command Vehicle

Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technology with ideal power and torque curves for vehicular operation. Conventional vehicles use oil and gas as fuel or energy storage. Although they also have an excellent economic impact, the continuous use of oil and gas threatened the world’s reservation of total oil and gas. Also, they emit carbon dioxide and some toxic ingredients through the vehicle’s tailpipe, which causes the greenhouse effect and seriously impacts the environment. So, as an alternative, electric car refers to a green technology of decarbonization with zero emission of greenhouse gases through the tailpipe. So, they can remove the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and solve the world’s remaining non-renewable energy storage problem. Pure electric vehicles (PEV) can be applied in all spheres, but their special implementation can only be seen in downhole operations. They are used for low noise and less pollution in the downhole process. In this study, the basic structure of the pure electric command vehicle is studied, the main components of the command vehicle power system, namely the selection of the drive motor and the power battery, are analyzed, and the main parameters of the drive motor and the power battery are designed and calculated. The checking calculation results show that the power and transmission system developed in this paper meets the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible and reasonable.

Implementation of Dynamic System Control Circuit Board Test System of Pure Electric Vehicles

The dynamic system control circuit board(DSCCB)is one of the most important components for dynamic system of pure electric vehicles. The current detection of the DSCCB is done manually, which is not only inefficient in the detection but also difficult to guarantee the data accuracy. In order to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy, a new testing system is designed by Labview. The total test time can be further reduced by about 75% compared with the results of the manual detection. In this paper, the three-parameter sine wave curve-fit algorithm theory is applied to the phase delay detection of the current sensor sampling circuit on the DSCCB. This method solves the problem of big error in the phase delay detection.

Optimum Driving System Design for Dual-Motor Pure Electric Vehicles

A pure electric vehicle driven by dual motors is taken as the research object and the driving scheme of the driving motor is improved to increase the transmission efficiency of existing electric vehicles.Based on the architecture of the transmission system,we propose vehicle performance parameters and performance indexes of a pure electric vehicle,a time-sharing driving strategy of dual motors.First,the parameters of the battery,motor,and transmission system are matched.Then,the electric vehicle transmission model is built in Amesim and the control strategy is designed in Simulink.With the optimization goal of improving the vehicle’s dynamic performance and driving range,the optimal parameters are determined through analysis.Finally,the characteristics of the motor are tested on the bench.The results show that the energy-saving potential of the timesharing driven double motor is higher,and the driving mileage of the double motor drive is increased by 4%.

Plug-In Vehicle Acceptance and Probable Utilization Behaviour

This paper presents a study undertaken to understand the plug-in vehicle acceptance and probable utilization behaviour in terms of charging habits and utility factor (probability of driving in electrical mode). A survey was designed to be answered via World Wide Web, throughout 3 months and only accessible to Portuguese inhabitants. The survey was composed by biographical and car ownership info, mobility patterns, awareness toward plug-in vehicle technologies, price premium and, finally, potential buyer’s attitudes regarding charging vehicles with electricity from the grid. An explanation of how each vehicle technology works in the case of a regular hybrid (HEV), a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and a pure electric vehicle (EV) was provided. A total sample of 809 volunteers answered the survey, aged above 18 years old, 50% male and 50% female. The results allowed the estimation of the typical daily driving distance, the Utility Factor curve for plug-in hybrid future users, the charging preferences for future users of pure electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles and the necessary feebates to promote the market penetration of such technologies. Other correlations were also analyzed between driving patterns, type of owned car, price premium and the willingness to buy pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The main policy implications are that an increase of awareness campaigns is necessary if the government intends to support the plug-in electric vehicle technology widespread and a minimum of 5000 € investment per ton of avoided CO2 will be necessary in a year.

Parameters optimum matching of pure electric vehicle dual-mode coupling drive system

As an important development direction of pure electric vehicle drive system,the distributed drive system has the advantages of compact structure,high transmission efficiency,and flexible control,but there are some serious problems such as high performance requirements to the drive motors,complex control strategies,and poor reliability.To solve these problems,a two motors dual-mode coupling drive system has been developed at first,which not only has the capacity of two-speed gear shifting,but also can automatically switch between the distributed drive and the centralized drive by means of modes change control.So,the performance requirements to the drive motors can be reduced,the problem of abnormal running caused by the fault of unilateral distributed drive systems also can be resolved by replacing the drive mode with centralized drive.Then,the system parameters primary and the optimum matching under the principle of efficiency optimization have been carried out,which makes the drive system achieve predetermined functions and meet the actual demands of different operating statuses.At last,the economic comparison of a pure electric vehicle installation with a dual-mode coupling drive sytem,a single-motor centralized drive system or a dual-motor distributed drive system in the simulation conditions has been completed.Compared with other systems,the driving range of the electric vehicle driven by the designed system is significantly increased,which proves the better efficiency and application value of the system.

基于整车模型的PEV理想横摆角速度确定方法

四轮独立驱动的纯电动汽车(Pure Electric Vehicle,PEV)的理想横摆角速度确定方法不同于传统汽车。为了使电子稳定程序(Electronic Stability Program,ESP)控制系统介入的时机更为恰当,提高车辆对驾驶员意图的响应性能以及避免系统介入不适当对驾驶员正常行驶意图的干扰,针对一种由4个轮毂电机独立驱动的PEV,在线性二自由度模型确定车辆理想横摆角速度的基础上,利用Matlab/Simulink建立七自由度整车模型,考虑不同路面附着系数和各轮垂直载荷的影响,提出了适用于四轮独立驱动PEV理想横摆角速度的修正算法。通过对固定前轮转向角的纯电动汽车在纯路面、对接路面以及分离路面上理想横摆角速度随车速变化的仿真结果进行分析,得出了PEV理想横摆角速度的变化规律,为四轮独立驱动PEV理想横摆角速度的确定提供了理论基础。

Improving reliability of distribution networks using plug-in electric vehicles and demand response

Nowadays,utilities aim to find methods for improving the reliability of distribution systems and satisfying the customers by providing the continuity of power supply.Different methodologies exist for utilities to improve the reliability of network.In this paper,demand response(DR)programs and smart charging/discharging of plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs)are investigated for improving the reliability of radial distribution systems adopting particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm.Such analysis is accomplished due to the positive effects of both DR and PEVs for dealing with emerging challenges of the world such as fossil fuel reserves reduction,urban air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Additionally,the prioritization of DR and PEVs is presented for improving the reliability and analyzing the characteristics of distribution networks.The reliability analysis is performed in terms of loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected energy not served(EENS)indexes,where the characteristics contain load profile,load peak,voltage profile and energy loss.Numerical simulations are accomplished to assess the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed scheme.

基于PEV的双向DC/DC变换器的研究

介绍了一种纯电动汽车超级电容器充放电系统的大功率双向DC/DC变换器。首先给出了纯电动汽车电传动系统的结构图,然后介绍了双向DC/DC变换器的拓扑,并针对超级电容器充放电系统设计双向DC/DC变换器的控制器。

双电机行星齿轮变速箱的PEV动力系统研究

本文列举了常见的纯电动汽车动力系统方案并论述其优缺点,提出了基于双电机、双行星排行星齿轮变速箱的新型纯电动汽车动力系统方案,推导该新型变速箱的运动学和动力学方程,并建立其等效杠杆模型。制定纯电动汽车的动力性需求,并进行动力系统参数匹配,基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立了整车前向仿真模型,通过指定工况仿真验证了该方案的可行性。

Steady-state Stability Assessment of AC-busbar Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Photovoltaic

Although the deployment of alternating current(AC)-busbar plug-in electric vehicle(PEV)charging station with photovoltaic(PV)is a promising alternative,the interaction among subsystems always causes the instability problem.Meanwhile,the conventional generalized Nyquist criterion(GNC)is complex,and it is not suitable for the design of the AC system.Therefore,this paper proposes a modified infinityone-norm(MION)stability criterion based on the impedance method to assess the stability of the foresaid charging station.Firstly,the typical structure and operation modes of the charging station are studied.Furthermore,each subsystem impedance matrix is built by small-signal method,and the MION stability criterion based on impedance method is proposed to assess the charging station stability.Compared with the previous simplified stability criteria based on the norm,the proposed criterion has lower conservatism.Furthermore,the design regulation for the controller parameters is provided,and the stability recovery way is provided by connecting the doubly-fed line and energy storage equipment,which are selected based on intermediate variable,i.e.,short-circuit ratio(SCR).Finally,the effectiveness and conservatism of the proposed stability criterion are validated through simulation and experimental results.

Distributed resource scheduling in smart grid with electric vehicle deployment using fireworks algorithm

Global warming and climate change are two key probing issues in the present context.The electricity sector and transportation sector are two principle entities propelling both these issues.Emissions from these two sectors can be offset by switching to greener ways of transportation through the electric vehicle (EV) and renewable energy technologies (RET).Thus,effective scheduling of both resources holds the key to sustainable practice.This paper presents a scheduling scenario-based approach in the smart grid.Problem formulation with dual objective function including both emissions and cost is developed for conventional unit commitment with EV and RET deployment.In this work,the scheduling and commitment problem is solved using the fireworks algorithm which mimics explosion of fireworks in the sky to define search space and the distance between associated sparks to evaluate global minimum.Further,binary coded fireworks algorithm is developed for the proposed scheduling problem in the smart grid.Thereafter,possible scenarios inconventional as well as smart grid are put forward.Following that,the proposed methodology is simulated using a test system with thermal generators.

Energy management of micro renewable energy source and electric vehicles at home level

As renewable energy source(RES)tend to be integrated more and more at home and electric vehicles(EVs)take a greater share in the personal automobile market,users see a chance to charge their EVs by microRES.In this context,this paper presents a review about opportunities and challenges needed to be overcome by the EV users to implement a vehicle to home system in their homes,as well as the integration of micro-RES.Several practical scenarios are presented,with different demand profiles,by integrating renewable energy that could be used to charge the EV.

Experimental study on heat generation and dissipation performance of PEV Lithium-ion battery

Based on the lithium-ion battery pure electric vehicle （PEV） application, two capacity types of batteries are applied in thermal characteristic experiments. With the experimental comparison method, battery thermal characteristics and heat generation mechanism are studied. Experiments of batteries in cases of different dimensions, batteries with different air cooling velocity and two capacity types of batteries in free convection environment are put forward. Battery heat generation performance, heat dissipation performance and comparison of different capacity types＇ batteries are researched and summarized. Conclusions of battery heat generation and dissipation in PEV applications, important battery thermal management factors and suggestions are put forward.

Optimal integration of DGs into radial distribution network in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles to minimize daily active power losses and to improve the voltage profile of the system using bioinspired optimization algorithms

Purpose:The increase in plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs)is likely to see a noteworthy impact on the distribution system due to high electric power consumption during charging and uncertainty in charging behavior.To address this problem,the present work mainly focuses on optimal integration of distributed generators(DG)into radial distribution systems in the presence of PEV loads with their charging behavior under daily load pattern including load models by considering the daily(24 h)power loss and voltage improvement of the system as objectives for better system performance.Design/methodology/approach:To achieve the desired outcomes,an efficient weighted factor multi-objective function is modeled.Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)and Butterfly Optimization(BO)algorithms are selected and implemented to minimize the objectives of the system.A repetitive backward-forward sweep-based load flow has been introduced to calculate the daily power loss and bus voltages of the radial distribution system.The simulations are carried out using MATLAB software.Findings:The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed approach definitely improved the system performance in all aspects.Among PSO and BO,BO is comparatively successful in achieving the desired objectives.Originality/value:The main contribution of this paper is the formulation of the multi-objective function that can address daily active power loss and voltage deviation under 24-h load pattern including grouping of residential,industrial and commercial loads.Introduction of repetitive backward-forward sweep-based load flow and the modeling of PEV load with two different charging scenarios.

基于PEV的双向DC—DC变换器的研究

本文介绍了一种基于纯电动汽车超级电容充放电系统的大功率双向DC—DC变换器。首先给出了纯电动汽车电传动系统的结构图，然后介绍了双向DC—DC变换器的拓扑，并针对超级电容充放电系统设计双向DC—DC变换器的控制器。

Gear downshift control of inverse-automatic mechanical transmission of electric vehicle

In order to improve the driving dynamics and riding comfort of pure electric vehicles,taking a two-speed I-AMT(Inverse-Automatic Mechanical Transmission)with rear friction clutch as the research object,a gear shift strategy,which consists of the open-loop control of the clutch position control and the closed-loop control of the drive motor speed control,is proposed.Considering the inherent time-delay and external disturbances within the motor speed adjustment system,a two DOF(degree-of-freedom)Smith predictor with feedforward input is designed to track the target speed of the drive motor.The feedforward input is used to eliminate the influence of clutch sliding friction on the motor speed control,while the feedback speed tracking controller is applied to realize the speed tracking performance with the existence of time-delay and the external disturbance.In order to verify the effectiveness of the gear shift control strategy and the accuracy of the two DOF Smith controller with feedforward control,simulation results comparison is firstly carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.Then,a light pure electric vehicle equipped with I-AMT was used for downshift experiments under large throttle,which is the most difficult working scenario to control the transmission.The experimental results show that the two DOF Smith controller can eliminate the influence of time-delay on the closed-loop control,and the proposed whole gear shift control strategy can limit the clutch slippage time within 1.5 s,resulting in a smaller shift jerk,thus guarantee the driving dynamics and riding comfort simultaneously.

一种新型积分滑模控制器在PMSM驱动的PEV调速系统中的应用

针对PID控制的永磁同步电机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,PMSM)驱动的纯电动汽车(Pure Electric Vehicles,PEV)调速系统性能的不足,提出一种新型积分滑模控制算法用于PEV调速控制器。依据永磁同步电机(PMSM)的数学模型和纯电动汽车(PEV)的动力学方程,在MATLAB中搭建了PMSM驱动的PEV调速系统的仿真模型并验证新型积分滑模调速控制器的效果。仿真表明,相比于采用PID控制算法的PEV调速系统,基于该控制算法的PEV调速系统拥有更小的超调量和稳态误差,且转速追踪响应时间更短。

某纯电驱动重载车辆能耗预测模型

高精度能耗预测模型是准确预测车辆续驶里程的重要前提。针对载荷大幅度变化且非结构化道路运行的纯电驱动重载车辆,建立其组合能耗模型,该模型由能耗计算基本模型与长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络差值修正两部分组成。基于能量流动过程驱动电机和变速器效率建模,结合汽车行驶动力学建立能耗计算基本模型;采用LSTM神经网络来修正基本模型能耗预测结果与车辆典型工况功率测试值的差值,有效提高了大幅变载荷且低信噪比坡度环境下的车辆能耗预测精度,因此组合能耗模型具有参数简单和模型拟合不需解释能耗规律的优点。经试验测试分析,与VT-Micro能耗模型和径向基(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络能耗模型相比,所提组合能耗模型的功率预测平均误差率分别降低了17.76%和3.35%,能够实现纯电驱动重载车辆复杂工况下能耗的准确实时预测。

电动汽车制动能量循环回收智能控制仿真

为提高纯电动汽车的续航能力,保证车辆稳定行驶,提出一种纯电动车辆的制动能量回收控制方法。从多个角度分析纯电动汽车在行驶过程中的能量变动情况,考虑驱动力需要克服的相关阻力,根据车辆各部件的工作效率以及电池充电情况,计算车辆驱动消耗实际电量。分析纯电动汽车制动过程中的动力学以及路面的摩擦因子对制动产生的影响,明确汽车制动时产生的能量损失和影响能量回收的相关因素。为了获得最大的再生能量,在能量回收控制中,以制动的方式进行能量补偿,并将更多的动能用于动力发电机,达到制动能量的回收循环。仿真结果表明,所研究方法对制动能量的回收控制效果较好,回收利用率较为理想。

纯电动汽车电驱动系统故障诊断研究进展

为全面梳理纯电动汽车电驱动系统故障诊断的发展现状,明确未来发展趋势,本文首先介绍了纯电动汽车电驱动系统的基本架构、功能及发展历程;然后详细总结了纯电动汽车电驱动系统关键部件的故障类型及原因,分析了纯电动汽车电驱动系统关键部件故障诊断方法的主要研究现状;接着将诊断方法从专家知识驱动、模型驱动、信号驱动和数据驱动4个方面详细综述了纯电动汽车电驱动系统国内外研究进展和发展动态,并针对不同方法的优缺点进行了对比;最后对纯电动汽车电驱动系统故障诊断所面临的问题及发展方向进行了分析和展望,进一步讨论并指出未来纯电动汽车电驱动系统故障诊断研究可以集中在变工况耦合故障诊断、微小故障诊断和前期故障诊断研究、实时在线故障诊断、基于故障诊断的智能运维、未知故障诊断与系统自愈技术等方面。