PFMS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

以硫酸亚铁、硫酸镁和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为原料,制备了一种新型无机-有机复合絮凝剂PFMS-PDMDAAC,考察了碱化度、铁镁摩尔配比、有机絮凝剂与无机絮凝剂质量比(D/FM)和废水pH等对絮凝剂絮凝性能的影响,并应用于实际印染废水的处理。实验结果表明,PFMS-PDMDAAC在较宽的pH范围内有着良好的脱色性能,两者复配呈现出显著的协同作用,絮凝效果明显提高。在PFMS中引入PDMDAAC后,絮凝剂的Fe(Ⅲ)的优势形态含量增加;同时絮凝剂水解产物的Zeta电位亦明显升高,电中和能力增强。

一种基于DCM下的漏极反馈反激变换器在PFM峰值电流模式控制下的稳定性分析

针对原边反馈反激变换器具有辅助绕组而成本偏高的问题,基于原边反馈与峰值电流控制方案,提出了一种基于开关管漏极反馈的反激变换器模型。与原边反馈反激变换器相比,漏极反馈反激变换器能够减少变压器辅助绕组,降低了成本,且具有较高的稳定性。首先,对此漏极反馈反激变换器模型进行了理论分析,并提出了一种高精度漏极采样方法。其次,基于开关网络模型法对工作在断续导通模式(Discontinuous conduction mode,DCM)下脉冲频率调制(Pulse frequency modulation,PFM)的漏极反馈反激变换器进行了小信号建模并进行补偿设计。通过Matlab/Simulink搭建模型验证其正确性;最后搭建试验平台来进行验证。结果表明,所提出的漏极反馈反激变换器模型是可行的。

Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.

用于LLC谐振拓扑的PFM发生器IP核设计

阐述LLC谐振拓扑的结构和频率特性,针对LLC谐振变换器对占空比固定为50%、频率可调节的需求,基于国产Seal 5000系列SA5Z-30-D1平台,提出一种带死区和互补输出的PFM发生器IP核。提出的IP核内部具有上下计数模式计数器和死区与互补生成模块,通过寄存器设置计数器最大值与自增量,以计数器方向信号作为PFM输出送入死区与互补生成模块,在死区与互补生成模块中产生反相信号并插入死区。通过示波器观测实际输出信号表明该IP核输出效果良好,可以灵活地输出可配置的带有死区、互补输出的PFM波形。

A phase-field model for simulating the propagation behavior of mixed-mode cracks during the hydraulic fracturing process in fractured reservoirs

A novel phase-field model for the propagation of mixed-mode hydraulic fractures,characterized by the formation of mixed-mode fractures due to the interactions between fluids and solids,is proposed.In this model,the driving force for the phase field consists of both tensile and shear components,with the fluid contribution primarily manifesting in the tension driving force.The displacement and pressure are solved simultaneously by an implicit method.The numerical solution's iterative format is established by the finite element discretization and Newton-Raphson(NR)iterative methods.The correctness of the model is verified through the uniaxial compression physical experiments on fluid-pressurized rocks,and the limitations of the hydraulic fracture expansion phase-field model,which only considers mode I fractures,are revealed.In addition,the influence of matrix mode II fracture toughness value,natural fracture mode II toughness value,and fracturing fluid injection rate on the hydraulic fracture propagation in porous media with natural fractures is studied.

Observing ferroelastic switching in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2) thin film

Hafnium zirconium oxides(HZO),which exhibit ferroelectric properties,are promising materials for nanoscale device fabrication due to their high complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) compatibility.In addition to piezoelectricity,ferroelectricity,and flexoelectricity,this study reports the observation of ferroelasticity using piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM).The dynamics of 90° ferroelastic domains in HZO thin films are investigated under the influence of an electric field.Switching of the retentive domains is observed through repeated wake-up measurements.This study presents a possibility of enhancing polarization in HZO thin films during wake-up processes.

Desired Dynamic Equation for Primary Frequency Modulation Control of Gas Turbines

Gas turbines play core roles in clean energy supply and the construction of comprehensive energy systems.The control performance of primary frequency modulation of gas turbines has a great impact on the frequency control of the power grid.However,there are some control difficulties in the primary frequency modulation control of gas turbines,such as the coupling effect of the fuel control loop and speed control loop,slow tracking speed,and so on.To relieve the abovementioned difficulties,a control strategy based on the desired dynamic equation proportional integral(DDE-PI)is proposed in this paper.Based on the parameter stability region,a parameter tuning procedure is summarized.Simulation is carried out to address the ease of use and simplicity of the proposed tuning method.Finally,DDE-PI is applied to the primary frequency modulation system of an MS6001B heavy-duty gas turbine.The simulation results indicate that the gas turbine with the proposed strategy can obtain the best control performance with a strong ability to deal with system uncertainties.The proposed method shows good engineering application potential.

STEAM教育理念下PFM混合教学模式在妇产科见习教学中的应用

目的:研究STEAM教育理念下PFM混合教学模式在妇产科见习教学中的应用效果。方法:将100名2020级临床医学专业的见习学生随机分为2组,分别通过STEAM教育理念下PFM混合教学模式(观察组)和传统的教学模式(对照组)接受临床见习教学。见习结束后,对2组学员的临床综合能力进行测评,另外用问卷调查的方法调查教学效果。结果:观察组学生在临床思维能力、学习兴趣以及与病人的沟通交流能力方面均显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:STEAM教育理念下PFM混合教学模式在妇产科见习教学中切实可行,具有良好的教学效果。

采用分段式自适应PWM/PFM调制的Buck型DC-DC转换器设计

为了在轻重负载条件下获得更高的转换效率,采用分段式结构和导通电阻更小的NMOS作为输入级,并采用PWM/PFM双调制方式,设计了一种Buck型DC-DC转换器。为解决PWM/PFM调制信号切换问题,采用零电流检测方式进行切换。利用断续导通模式(DCM)和连续导通模式(CCM)下端NMOS管导通时电感电压的不同,检测下端NMOS在导通时电感电压大于零的周期。当电感电压大于零的周期大于2时,则处于DCM模式并自动采用PFM调制模式,关闭一部分功率管以减小开关频率和功率管寄生电容,优化轻载效率;反之则处于CCM模式并采用PWM调制。仿真结果表明,在负载电流10~1000 mA范围内,该电路可以在两种调制模式平稳切换,在800 mA时峰值效率可提升到96%以上。

基于原边反馈的反激式AC-DC开关电源芯片研究

现今时代是信息化的时代,信息技术的迅猛发展使得人们对于电子产品的依赖性越来越大,这些产品都离不开电源,其性能对电子产品的各项指标是否正常起关键性作用。开关电源是常用的直流稳压电源,芯片中的关键部件都处于高频开关的条件下,自身所需的能耗较少,工作效率可高达80%~90%。该文是采用CSMC0.5μm工艺,基于Cadence平台,设计的一款反激式AC-DC开关电源芯片系统,其输入交流电压范围为85~265 V。此芯片采用原边反馈技术,省去了光耦器件的使用,对整体电路进行简化,从而缩小体积且降低成本;运用PWM/PFM(Pulse Width Modulation/Pulse Frequency Modulation)调制方式,提高了系统的工作效率。最后,通过实验验证此开关电源芯片的可靠性,该芯片可恒流稳定输出达1 A;恒压稳定输出达5 V。

A new mixed-mode phase-field model for crack propagation of brittle rock

Study on crack propagation process of brittle rock is of most significance for cracking-arrest design and cracking-network optimization in rock engineering.Phase-field model(PFM)has advantages of simplicity and high convergence over the common numerical methods(e.g.finite element method,discrete element method,and particle manifold method)in dealing with three-dimensional and multicrack problems.However,current PFMs are mainly used to simulate mode-I(tensile)crack propagation but difficult to effectively simulate mode-II(shear)crack propagation.In this paper,a new mixed-mode PFM is established to simulate both mode-I and mode-II crack propagation of brittle rock by distinguishing the volumetric elastic strain energy and deviatoric elastic strain energy in the total elastic strain energy and considering the effect of compressive stress on mode-II crack propagation.Numerical solution method of the new mixed-mode PFM is proposed based on the staggered solution method with self-programmed subroutines UMAT and HETVAL of ABAQUS software.Three examples calculated using different PFMs as well as test results are presented for comparison.The results show that compared with the conventional PFM(which only simulates the tensile wing crack but not mode-II crack propagation)and the modified mixed-mode PFM(which has difficulty in simulating the shear anti-wing crack),the new mixed-mode PFM can successfully simulate the whole trajectories of mixed-mode crack propagation(including the tensile wing crack,shear secondary crack,and shear anti-wing crack)and mode-II crack propagation,which are close to the test results.It can be further extended to simulate multicrack propagation of anisotropic rock under multi-field coupling loads.

新型铁镁复合絮凝剂的制备及其处理印染废水的实验研究

制备了新型铁镁复合絮凝剂(PFMS)并应用于印染废水处理,考察了投药量、溶液pH、沉降时间等因素对絮凝效果的影响;同时,与其他常规市售絮凝剂进行了对比实验。结果表明,PFMS能有效去除污染物,在最佳投药量时,COD和色度去除率可分别达到69%和86%;PFMS处理印染废水的絮凝效果好于常规市售絮凝剂;在低投药量下,PFMS的絮凝机制以吸附-电性中和作用为主,在高投药量下,PFMS的絮凝机制以网捕卷扫作用为主。

基于FMEA与ELECTRE-Ⅲ的CTCS-3风险评估研究

为提升中国列车运行控制系统-3（CTCS-3）的可靠性,建立一个种新的基于失效模式与影响分析（FMEA）与消去与转换法-Ⅲ（ELECTRE-Ⅲ）的风险评估模型。首先利用直觉模糊数（IFNs）刻画不确定评估信息,利用ELECTRE-Ⅲ构造不同潜在失效模式（PFMs）间的级别高于关系,进而将PFMs的风险水平排序;然后进行案例分析,并与传统FMEA方法、加权平均集结算子、多准则妥协解排序法（VIKOR）、逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）等方法对比。结果表明：基于FMEA与ELECTRE-Ⅲ的CTCS-3的安全评估模型的稳健性较强,并能有效克服指标间异质性的影响。

复合铁镁絮凝剂制备及海水净化试验研究

氧化法制备聚合硫酸铁镁絮凝剂(PFMS),对PFMS的结构和Fe(Ⅲ)活性分布进行分析,并将PFMS用于近岸海水净化处理,考察了投药量、海水pH值对絮凝效果的影响,并与自制聚合硫酸铁絮凝剂(PFS)进行对比。试验结果表明,PFMS在制备过程中生成了新的聚合物形态,能有效去除污染物;对海水中浊度、UV254去除率可分别达到95%和52%;PFMS对pH值有较宽的适用范围,但在酸性条件下,更利于UV254的去除;PFMS处理海水的絮凝效果优于PFS。

一种宽负载高效率Buck转换器设计

本文提出了一种双模式调制技术,以提高宽负载范围内降压型DC-DC转换器的转换效率。采用自适应导通时间电路(AOT)和斜坡信号VRAMP产生电路来维持转换器连续导通时间(CCM)工作模式下开关频率基本稳定;利用过零检测电路来检测电感电流,当电感电流过零时,能及时关断续流管,降低开关损耗,进一步提升轻载转换效率。该DC-DC基于SMIC 0.18 um BCD工艺进行电路仿真验证,该电路可在0~3A宽负载范围内正常工作,在输入电压3~5V范围内,PFM模式下输出电压纹波小于5.2mV,1m A负载下转换效率为87.37%。在PWM模式下输出电压纹波小于2.8mV,3A负载下最低转换效率为84.24%。峰值效率可达94.91%,全负载范围内转换效率大于84%。

超高压梯度烧结法制备W/Cu功能梯度材料

提出了一种制备具有递变电阻及高熔点差功能梯度材料的新方法—超高压梯度烧结法 ,并成功制备出了相对密度达到 96%的W /Cu梯度功能材料。推导了通电烧结过程中梯度材料内部的温度分布 ,表明温度场与电流密度及材料的厚度大致成平方的梯度分布模式 ;考察了不同的烧结助剂对W /Cu梯度材料致密化的影响 ,发现Ni比V和Zr有更好的致密化效果 ;观察了W

桩影响前牙烤瓷冠修复后牙本质应力分布的三维有限元分析

采用三维有限元法分析桩对上颌中切牙金属烤瓷冠修复后牙本质应力分布的影响。选择一标准的上颌中切牙，经包埋、螺旋ＣＴ扫描、图形数字化，采用ＳｕｐｅｒＳＡＰ有限元分析软件在微机上建立三维有限元模型，模拟了牙槽骨、牙周膜、牙本质、桩、金属烤瓷冠的金属帽状冠及烤瓷层等结构，与临床实际结构类似。分别分析ＳＤＡ－Ⅱ型中熔合金桩修复前后，牙本质应力分布情况。结果表明：金属桩可改变牙本质原有的应力分布模式，使桩与牙本质交界区应力值增大；但与此同时又降低了牙本质应力峰值，Ｖｏｎｍｉｓｅｓ应力降低１３．９８％，最大主应力降低７．０５％。即从力学角度提示：合理桩修复可防止牙体断裂。

交错并联双向Buck/Boost集成LLC谐振型三端口直流变换器

将交错并联双向Buck/Boost电路与全桥LLC谐振电路通过共用全桥开关单元集成在一起,提出了一种新型的三端口直流变换器,实现了器件共享,降低了体积和成本。该三端口变换器包括两个双向端口和一个隔离的单向输出端口,通过PWM+PFM的混合调制策略,可实现端口间功率流的灵活控制。与传统的移相全桥集成型三端口直流变换器相比,提出的变换器输入电流纹波小,可在宽电压和功率范围内实现一次侧开关管的零电压软开关(ZVS)和二次侧整流二极管的零电流软开关(ZCS)关断,开关损耗小,而且不存在占空比丢失、变压器直流偏磁等问题。研究了该三端口变换器的工作原理、工作模式和端口功率传输模式,并对其增益、软开关等特性进行了深入分析,最后搭建了一台500W的实验样机,实验结果验证了变换器的实用性和理论分析的正确性。

全负载下实现高效率的DC-DC转换器芯片设计

首先讨论了DC-DC转换器的功率损耗源,根据重载情况下PWM控制效率高而轻载情况下PFM控制效率高的特点,提出了全负载下实现PWM/PFM自动切换以降低功耗、提高电源效率的控制方法.将相加模式PWM、跳周期和限流相结合的PFM整合于一个系统中,使整个系统高效协调地工作,并在较大的负载变化范围内均具有高效率的优点.系统采用0.5μm CMOS工艺实现,对系统的仿真结果表明,系统正常工作,成功实现了PWM/PFM的自动切换,性能指标达到了设计要求.

一种PWM/PFM自动切换的DC-DC芯片

提出一种可根据负载变化在脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)和脉冲频率调制(pulse frequency modulation,PFM)两种工作模式间自动切换的降压DC-DC芯片的设计法,推导出临界切换状态下的负载电流值表达式,在此基础上设计了一种PWM/PFM自动切换的DC-DC芯片.该系统在较大的负载变化范围内均具有较高效率.