Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intracranial gliomas:A review of current practice and considerations for future clinical directions

Invasive grade III and IV maliguant gliomas remain difficult to treat with a typical survival time post-diagnosis hovering around 16 months with only minor extension thereof seen in the past decade,whereas some improvements have been obtained towards five-year survival rates for which completeness of resection is a prerequisite.Optical techniques such as fluorescence guided resection(FGR)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)are promising adjuvant techniques to in-crease the tumor volume reduction fraction.PDT has been used in combination with surgical resection or alternatively as standalone treat ment strategy with some sucoess in extending the median survival time of patients compared to surgery alone and the current standard of care.This document reviews the outcome of past clinical trials and highlights the general shift in PDT therapeutic approaches.It also looks at the current approaches for interstitial PDT and research options into increasing PDT's glioma treatment fficacy through exploiting both physical and biological based approaches to maximize PDT selectivity and therapeutic index,particularly in brain adjacent to tumor(BAT).Potential reasons for failing to demonstrate a significant survival advantage in prior PDT clinical trials will become evident in light of the improved understanding of glioma biology and PDT dosimetry.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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光化性角化病患者皮肤镜特征与光动力治疗效果的相关性分析

目的:探讨光化性角化病(Actinic keratosis,AK)患者皮肤镜特征与光动力疗法(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)治疗效果的相关性。方法:选取2021年6月-2022年9月在笔者医院接受PDT治疗的82例AK患者作为研究对象。入组前均接受皮肤镜检查,所有患者均清洁面部皮肤接受光动力治疗仪照光,根据患者情况照射1~6次,照射后评价PDT治疗效果并对比治疗前后皮肤镜特征,以评价皮肤镜特征与PDT治疗效果间的关系。结果:82例患者中,男性占比达71.95%,皮损部位多位于颞部,Olsen临床分级AKⅠ级31.71%,AKⅡ级54.88%,AKⅢ级13.41%。82例患者平均PDT治疗次数为(2.29±0.69)次,经治疗后50例皮损完全消退,病理改变消失为完全缓解,23例皮损改善≥50%为部分缓解,PDT治疗的总有效率为89.02%。治疗后鳞屑、毛囊开口、红色假网状结构阳性率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:PDT治疗AK疗效佳,可改善AK患者皮肤镜下检测出现的鳞屑、毛囊开口、红色假网状结构特征。

光动力治疗增生性瘢痕的效果及对Periostin表达的影响

目的:探讨增生性瘢痕组织中Periostin的表达,评估光动力治疗瘢痕有效性和安全性。方法:选择2021年1月-2022年12月于笔者医院皮肤科接受治疗的84例增生性瘢痕患者为研究对象,收集手术或植皮修剪时弃用瘢痕和正常皮肤组织。采用荧光定量PCR检测Periostin的mRNA表达水平;采用免疫组化检测Periostin阳性表达;Western blot检测Periostin的蛋白质表达水平。根据治疗方式将患者分为对照组(n=42)和观察组(n=42),对照组接受糖皮质激素皮损内注射治疗,观察组接受光动力疗法治疗。评估两组临床治疗效果、温哥华瘢痕评分(VSS)、复发率以及不良反应状况。结果:与正常组织相比,增生性瘢痕组织中Periostin的mRNA、蛋白质表达水平和阳性表达综合评分均明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,观察组治疗后VSS评分和Periostin mRNA、蛋白质表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05);对照组和观察组临床总有效率分别为88.10%和97.61%,观察组临床总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组和观察组临床复发率分别为4.76%和0.00%,不良反应率分别为7.14%和4.76%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Periostin在增生性瘢痕组织中呈异常高表达。光动力治疗增生性瘢痕具有更好的效果,且复发率和不良反应率低,其可能通过下调Periostin表达来抑制瘢痕形成,值得临床上推广应用。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法及CO_(2)激光分别联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗尖锐湿疣的疗效及复发的相关性分析

目的探讨5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(ALA-PDT)及二氧化碳(CO_(2))激光分别联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗尖锐湿疣(CA)的疗效及复发的相关性分析。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2023年1月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的121例CA患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为A组(n=62)、B组(n=59),A组采用ALA-PDT联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗,B组采用CO_(2)激光联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗,比较两组的临床疗效。治疗后6个月随访统计复发情况,并将患者分为复发组(n=34)和未复发组(n=87),分析CA患者复发的影响因素。结果A组临床总有效率高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,多发CA、偶尔/经常使用或不使用安全套、2名及以上性伴侣、经常熬夜、CO_(2)激光联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗是CA患者复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论ALA-PDT联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗CA的疗效优于CO_(2)激光联合复方利多卡因凝胶治疗,CA数目、安全套使用情况、性伴侣数量、经常熬夜及治疗方式等是CA患者复发的相关因素,临床需重视以上因素并制定针对性干预措施以降低CA复发率。

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

ALA-PDT联合0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗玫瑰痤疮疗效观察与分析

目的:观察ALA-PDT(5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法)联合0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗玫瑰痤疮的疗效及安全性。方法:将95例Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型玫瑰痤疮患者随机分为治疗组、对照1组及对照2组。治疗组及对照1组采用双波长ALA-PDT治疗,每周1次,共治疗4次,同时,治疗组及对照2组采用0.1%他克莫司软膏,每日2次,连续8周。结果:治疗第8周后,治疗组、对照1组及对照2组总有效率分别为86.11%、62.96%及34.38%,均未见严重不良反应,治疗组与两对照组比较,总有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ALA-PDT联合0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗玫瑰痤疮安全、有效,可明显改善患者生活质量,且不良反应少。

氪激光光动力治疗鲜红斑痣的初步临床观察

目的 为探索真正消除鲜红斑痣病灶而不留瘢痕的治疗方法 ,采用氪激光光动力治疗鲜红斑痣进行临床观察。方法 测定光敏剂PsD 0 0 7在 30 0 70 0nm范围内的吸收曲线。随机选择 2 0例鲜红斑痣患者 ,采用自身对照方法 ,应用氪激光 413nm波长进行光动力治疗 ,观察照射即刻 ,1周至 2个月的临床变化。着重观察疗效与皮肤不良反应。志愿者激光治疗前后病理活检对比观察。结果 光敏剂PsD 0 0 7在 40 8nm有最大吸收峰。临床观察为照射区 1周出现紫癜 ,2周至 2月完全消退 ,无渗出、水泡及结痂过程。 2 0例患者均获得病灶明显消退而不留瘢痕的疗效。皮肤光度测量显示经治病灶红色指数下降。氪激光光动力治疗后 2周的组织病理表现为表皮与真皮层内大量毛细血管扩张 ,血管内皮破裂后大量红细胞外渗 ,皮肤各层结构完整 ,细胞未见异常。治疗 1月后的组织病理表现为大部分毛细血管闭锁 ,而深层血管残留。结论 氪激光光动力治疗鲜红斑痣具有破坏病灶血管但不损伤皮肤的选择性特点 ,疗效显著 。

光动力疗法在乳腺癌综合治疗中的应用

目的:探讨光动力疗法在乳腺癌综合治疗中的效果。方法:57例女性乳腺癌患者,第一组:Ⅲ期乳腺癌新辅助化疗后肿瘤长径>1/2原长径者21例、乳腺内侧Ⅱ期乳腺癌12例。第二组:Ⅱ期乳腺癌术后淋巴结阳性>4个的患者17例。第三组:乳腺癌晚期胸壁转移患者7例。第一组术中应用光动力疗法,第二组术后8-10日应用光动力疗法,第三组应用光动力疗法对乳腺癌晚期胸壁转移患者进行解救性治疗。结果:第一组及第二组目前均无复发及转移病例。第三组治疗后5例转移结节消失(其中1例4个月后复发);2例明显缩小。结论:在乳腺癌的综合治疗中选择性应用光动力治疗,取得良好的近期疗效。

治疗视网膜脉络膜新生血管的竹红菌乙素光动力学疗法实验系统的建立

目的 建立一种治疗视网膜脉络膜新生血管的竹红菌乙素光动力学疗法实验系统。方法 1 在裂隙灯显微镜下开创激光窗口 ,光纤连接激光器和裂隙灯显微镜 ,使激光和裂隙灯照明同光路到达眼底 ,作为照射系统 ;2 通过四甲偶氮唑盐 (MTT)法检测光敏剂竹红菌乙素 (HB)体外光敏性 ,和苯并卟啉衍生物单酸A环 (BPD MA)相比 ,初步判断其光敏性 ;3 以光敏剂HB为例 ,青紫蓝兔为实验对象 ,进行PDT治疗 ,通过眼底观察 ,荧光眼底造影、光学显微镜和电子显微镜检查照光部位的生物学效应 ,检测建立的实验系统的实用性 ,可靠性。结果 照射系统输出稳定 ,由激光器发出的功率和裂隙灯显微镜的激光窗口末端的输出的功率的耦合率为 6 0 %。国产HB体外光敏性和BPD MA相似 ,HB PDT仅对脉络膜毛细血管造成损伤而对周围正常组织损伤小 ,达到选择性治疗目的 ,有进一步研究价值。结论 新建立的照射系统和光敏剂光敏性体外评价系统 ,以及体内观察生物学效应的方法 ,可作为初步判定光敏剂是否适合治疗视网膜或脉络膜新生血管的方法。

光动力疗法中的治疗剂量学研究

为了研究光动力过程中光剂量和光敏剂剂量对光动力损伤效果的影响,基于肿瘤组织中光动力损伤剂量的数学模型以及光动力损伤剂量与组织中光剂量、光敏剂剂量、氧浓度之间的函数关系,用数学方法模拟研究了给定模型组织中光及光敏剂的有效吸收剂量与氧浓度之间的关系,并用ALA-PDT实验研究了K562细胞悬浮液中不同药物剂量对光动力损伤效果的影响。研究发现,光动力过程中光剂量与光敏剂浓度存在一个最佳治疗剂量,其大小和组织中氧浓度有关,组织中越缺氧,最佳光动力剂量越小,光动力过程对组织的损伤越小,通过实验发现,K562细胞悬浮液中最佳剂量为20×0.25(J/cm^2×mmol/L),此时光动力损伤效果最明显。结果表明,光动力疗法对肿瘤组织具有选择性光动力损伤的特点,并为其在临床上的广泛应用提供了理论支持。