目的:通过检测海人酸致痫大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt和m TOR的表达,探讨姜黄素对癫痫大鼠神经元保护的分子机制。方法:采用海人酸注射诱导大鼠癫痫造模,造模前用姜黄素干预7天。免疫组化方法检测大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达,...目的:通过检测海人酸致痫大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt和m TOR的表达,探讨姜黄素对癫痫大鼠神经元保护的分子机制。方法:采用海人酸注射诱导大鼠癫痫造模,造模前用姜黄素干预7天。免疫组化方法检测大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达,采用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达。结果:免疫组化结果显示,海人酸组神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达较正常组降低(P<0.05),姜黄素组神经元的PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达较海人酸组增加(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,海人酸组海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达水平与正常组比较显著降低(P<0.05),姜黄素组海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达水平与海人酸组比较显著增高(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素能够保护海人酸致痫大鼠的神经元损伤,其分子机制可能与上调PI3K/AKt/m TOR表达有关。展开更多
The activation of the PI3K/AKT/m TOR pathway plays a key role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism that PI-103, a dual inhibitor ...The activation of the PI3K/AKT/m TOR pathway plays a key role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism that PI-103, a dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and m TOR, enhances the sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cell line to cisplatin chemotherapy. The results showed that PI-103 could significantly increase the sensitivity of SKVO3/DDP cells to cisplatin through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.展开更多
AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which CXCL12 and CXCL6 influences the metastatic potential of colon cancer and internal relation of colon cancer and stromal cells. METHODS Western blotting was used to d...AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which CXCL12 and CXCL6 influences the metastatic potential of colon cancer and internal relation of colon cancer and stromal cells. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CXCL12 and CXCL6 in colon cancer cells and stromal cells. The co-operative effects of CXCL12 and CXCL6 on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and proliferation and invasion assays. The angiogenesis of HUVECs through interaction with cancer cells and stromal cells was examined by angiogenesis assay. We eventually investigated activation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling by CXCL12 involved in the metastatic process of colon cancer.RESULTS CXCL12 was expressed in DLD-1 cancer cells and fibroblasts. The secretion level of CXCL6 by colon cancer cells and HUVECs were significantly promoted by fibroblasts derived from CXCL12. CXCL6 and CXCL2 could significantly enhance HUVEC proliferation and migration(P < 0.01). CXCL6 and CXCL2 enhanced angiogenesis by HUVECs when cultured with fibroblast cells and colon cancer cells(P < 0.01). CXCL12 also enhanced the invasion of colon cancer cells. Stromal cell-derived CXCL12 promoted the secretion level of CXCL6 and co-operatively promoted metastasis of colon carcinoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway.CONCLUSION Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 enhanced the CXCL6 secretion of colon cancer cells,and both CXCL12 and CXCL6 co-operatively regulated the metastasis via the PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Blocking this pathway may be a potential anti-metastatic therapeutic target for patients with colon cancer.展开更多
Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases(PI3K)/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer(GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3 CA gene or los...Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases(PI3K)/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer(GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3 CA gene or loss of function of PTEN,a tumor suppressor protein,to name a few; both playing a crucial role in regulating this pathway. These aberrations result in dysregulation of this pathway eventually leading to gastric oncogenesis,hence,there is a need for targeted therapy for more effective anticancer treatment. Several inhibitors are currently in either preclinical or clinical stages for treatment of solid tumors like GC. With so many inhibitors under development,further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Herein,we review the common dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway in GC and the various types of single or dual pathway inhibitors under development that might have a superior role in GC treatment. We also summarize the recent developments in identification of predictive biomarkers and propose use of predictive biomarkers to facilitate more personalized cancer therapy with effective PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway inhibition.展开更多
Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and af...Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.展开更多
A series of mtidazo[4,5-c]qumoline derivatives（12a-12m） was synthesized with 2-amino-5-bromoben- zoic acid and 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile as starting materials, 6-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline as intermediate and S...A series of mtidazo[4,5-c]qumoline derivatives（12a-12m） was synthesized with 2-amino-5-bromoben- zoic acid and 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile as starting materials, 6-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline as intermediate and Suzuki reaction and closure of the imidazolinone ring with triphosgene as key steps. The structures of the key intermediate and target compounds were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. These compounds show an interesting kinase profile as dual PI3K/mTOR tool compounds.展开更多
Gray mouse lemurs（Microcebus murinus） from Madagascar present an excellent model for studies of torpor regulation in a primate species. In the present study, we analyzed the response of the insulin signaling pathway...Gray mouse lemurs（Microcebus murinus） from Madagascar present an excellent model for studies of torpor regulation in a primate species. In the present study, we analyzed the response of the insulin signaling pathway as well as controls on carbohydrate sparing in six different tissues of torpid versus aroused gray mouse lemurs. We found that the relative level of phospho-insulin receptor substrate（IRS-1） was significantly increased in muscle, whereas the level of phospho-insulin receptor（IR） was decreased in white adipose tissue（WAT） of torpid animals, both suggesting an inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） signaling during torpor in these tissues. By contrast, the level of phospho-IR was increased in the liver. Interestingly, muscle,WAT, and liver occupy central roles in whole body homeostasis and each displays regulatory controls operating at the plasma membrane. Changes in other tissues included an increase in phosphoglycogen synthase kinase 3a（GSK3a） and decrease in phospho-ribosomal protein S6（RPS6） in the heart, and a decrease in phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin（m TOR） in the kidney. Pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） that gates carbohydrate entry into mitochondria is inhibited via phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase（e.g., PDK4）. In the skeletal muscle, the protein expression of PDK4 and phosphorylated PDH at Ser 300 was increased, suggesting inhibition during torpor. In contrast, there were no changes in levels of PDH expression and phosphorylation in other tissues comparing torpid and aroused animals. Information gained from these studies highlight the molecular controls that help to regulate metabolic rate depression and balance energetics during primate torpor.展开更多
文摘目的:通过检测海人酸致痫大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt和m TOR的表达,探讨姜黄素对癫痫大鼠神经元保护的分子机制。方法:采用海人酸注射诱导大鼠癫痫造模,造模前用姜黄素干预7天。免疫组化方法检测大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达,采用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达。结果:免疫组化结果显示,海人酸组神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达较正常组降低(P<0.05),姜黄素组神经元的PI3K、AKt、m TOR蛋白表达较海人酸组增加(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,海人酸组海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达水平与正常组比较显著降低(P<0.05),姜黄素组海马神经元PI3K、AKt、m TOR mRNA表达水平与海人酸组比较显著增高(P<0.05)。结论:姜黄素能够保护海人酸致痫大鼠的神经元损伤,其分子机制可能与上调PI3K/AKt/m TOR表达有关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30973475)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2012749)the Maternal and Child Health Research Project of Jiangsu Province (F201351)
文摘The activation of the PI3K/AKT/m TOR pathway plays a key role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, progression and chemotherapy resistance. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism that PI-103, a dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and m TOR, enhances the sensitivity of SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cell line to cisplatin chemotherapy. The results showed that PI-103 could significantly increase the sensitivity of SKVO3/DDP cells to cisplatin through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81260325(to Ma JC)
文摘AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which CXCL12 and CXCL6 influences the metastatic potential of colon cancer and internal relation of colon cancer and stromal cells. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CXCL12 and CXCL6 in colon cancer cells and stromal cells. The co-operative effects of CXCL12 and CXCL6 on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and proliferation and invasion assays. The angiogenesis of HUVECs through interaction with cancer cells and stromal cells was examined by angiogenesis assay. We eventually investigated activation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling by CXCL12 involved in the metastatic process of colon cancer.RESULTS CXCL12 was expressed in DLD-1 cancer cells and fibroblasts. The secretion level of CXCL6 by colon cancer cells and HUVECs were significantly promoted by fibroblasts derived from CXCL12. CXCL6 and CXCL2 could significantly enhance HUVEC proliferation and migration(P < 0.01). CXCL6 and CXCL2 enhanced angiogenesis by HUVECs when cultured with fibroblast cells and colon cancer cells(P < 0.01). CXCL12 also enhanced the invasion of colon cancer cells. Stromal cell-derived CXCL12 promoted the secretion level of CXCL6 and co-operatively promoted metastasis of colon carcinoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway.CONCLUSION Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 enhanced the CXCL6 secretion of colon cancer cells,and both CXCL12 and CXCL6 co-operatively regulated the metastasis via the PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Blocking this pathway may be a potential anti-metastatic therapeutic target for patients with colon cancer.
基金Supported by National Medical Research Council IRG and NUHS Bench-to-Bedside grants(to Sethi G)grants from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore(R-713-000-177-511)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiative to Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of Singapore and by the NCIS Yong Siew Yoon Research Grant through donations from the Yong Loo Lin Trust(to Kumar AP)
文摘Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases(PI3K)/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer(GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3 CA gene or loss of function of PTEN,a tumor suppressor protein,to name a few; both playing a crucial role in regulating this pathway. These aberrations result in dysregulation of this pathway eventually leading to gastric oncogenesis,hence,there is a need for targeted therapy for more effective anticancer treatment. Several inhibitors are currently in either preclinical or clinical stages for treatment of solid tumors like GC. With so many inhibitors under development,further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Herein,we review the common dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway in GC and the various types of single or dual pathway inhibitors under development that might have a superior role in GC treatment. We also summarize the recent developments in identification of predictive biomarkers and propose use of predictive biomarkers to facilitate more personalized cancer therapy with effective PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway inhibition.
基金supported by American Diabetes Association,American Heart Association,NIH NIEHS,NIH NIA,NIH NINDS,and NIH ARRA
文摘Throughout the globe,diabetes mellitus（DM） is increasing in incidence with limited therapies presently available to prevent or resolve the significant complications of this disorder.DM impacts multiple organs and affects all components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that can range from dementia to diabetic neuropathy.The mechanistic target of rapamycin（m TOR） is a promising agent for the development of novel regenerative strategies for the treatment of DM.m TOR and its related signaling pathways impact multiple metabolic parameters that include cellular metabolic homeostasis,insulin resistance,insulin secretion,stem cell proliferation and differentiation,pancreatic β-cell function,and programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy.m TOR is central element for the protein complexes m TOR Complex 1（m TORC1） and m TOR Complex 2（m TORC2） and is a critical component for a number of signaling pathways that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI 3-K）,protein kinase B（Akt）,AMP activated protein kinase（AMPK）,silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（SIRT1）,Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1（WISP1）,and growth factors.As a result,m TOR represents an exciting target to offer new clinical avenues for the treatment of DM and the complications of this disease.Future studies directed to elucidate the delicate balance m TOR holds over cellular metabolism and the impact of its broad signaling pathways should foster the translation of these targets into effective clinical regimens for DM.
文摘A series of mtidazo[4,5-c]qumoline derivatives（12a-12m） was synthesized with 2-amino-5-bromoben- zoic acid and 4-nitrophenylacetonitrile as starting materials, 6-bromo-4-chloro-3-nitroquinoline as intermediate and Suzuki reaction and closure of the imidazolinone ring with triphosgene as key steps. The structures of the key intermediate and target compounds were confirmed by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. These compounds show an interesting kinase profile as dual PI3K/mTOR tool compounds.
基金supported by a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (Grant No. 6793)a grant from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Grant No. G-14-0005874) to KBS. KBS holds the Canada Research Chair in Molecular PhysiologySNT, KKB, and CWW all held NSERC postgraduate scholarships
文摘Gray mouse lemurs（Microcebus murinus） from Madagascar present an excellent model for studies of torpor regulation in a primate species. In the present study, we analyzed the response of the insulin signaling pathway as well as controls on carbohydrate sparing in six different tissues of torpid versus aroused gray mouse lemurs. We found that the relative level of phospho-insulin receptor substrate（IRS-1） was significantly increased in muscle, whereas the level of phospho-insulin receptor（IR） was decreased in white adipose tissue（WAT） of torpid animals, both suggesting an inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） signaling during torpor in these tissues. By contrast, the level of phospho-IR was increased in the liver. Interestingly, muscle,WAT, and liver occupy central roles in whole body homeostasis and each displays regulatory controls operating at the plasma membrane. Changes in other tissues included an increase in phosphoglycogen synthase kinase 3a（GSK3a） and decrease in phospho-ribosomal protein S6（RPS6） in the heart, and a decrease in phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin（m TOR） in the kidney. Pyruvate dehydrogenase（PDH） that gates carbohydrate entry into mitochondria is inhibited via phosphorylation by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase（e.g., PDK4）. In the skeletal muscle, the protein expression of PDK4 and phosphorylated PDH at Ser 300 was increased, suggesting inhibition during torpor. In contrast, there were no changes in levels of PDH expression and phosphorylation in other tissues comparing torpid and aroused animals. Information gained from these studies highlight the molecular controls that help to regulate metabolic rate depression and balance energetics during primate torpor.
