Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic...Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic Journal Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL complete (EESCO) and other related databases to determine the literature. Screen out articles consistent with this review and summarize them. Results: Since the establishment of the database, a total of 1463 articles have been retrieved. After reading the title, abstract and full text, and excluding non-related and duplicate articles, 22 reports were finally included. Among them, there are 8 articles using different medication methods to compare the effects of establishing a CP model. The included articles explored the effects of different animal models, drug types, and their dose, concentration, speed, and time on the CP model. Conclusion: The factors of dose, concentration and time were positively correlated with the incidence of CP. The effect of speed factors on CP and the results of different animal models are inconsistent. It requires further research in the future.展开更多
Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-tw...Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-two cases of drug-induced superficial phlebitis after peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) were selected, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in accordance with the phlebitis grading. In the experimental group, Ji Desheng snake pills were crushed to make a paste with 50% glucose solution, which was then applied to the affected area of phlebitis, the surface was covered with clean gauze, and properly fixed with tape or bandage. The drug was replaced once a day. In the control group, the gauze soaked with 50% magnesium sulfate solution was used, which was applied to the affected part three times a day in wet, and the efficacy was observed respectively on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after applying the drug. Results: On the 1st and 3rd days after treatment, the observed effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (42.31% vs. 15.38% and 76.92% vs. 46.15%, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p th and 7th days after treatment, there was no statistical significance with respect to the efficacy between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The significant efficacy could be found in early stage after drug-induced superficial phlebitis was treated by Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application, which was superior to that of the traditional treatment of wet application by using gauze soaked in 50% magnesium sulfate solution.展开更多
Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severi...Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental design was carried among admitted patients in Medical-Surgical Units of BPKIHS. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Simple random sampling technique was used to allocate the wards to each interventional group and purposive sampling technique to select samples where instruments baseline Performa and observation scale was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). The mean visual infusion scale score was more in MSG group as compared with that of HPA group. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. Conclusion: In the research, study findings revealed that Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing is more effective than heparinoid ointment on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis.展开更多
Short peripheral catheters (SPCs) are the most common intravenous devices used in medical practice. Short peripheral catheter thrombophlebitis (SPCT) is the most frequent complication associated with SPCs, causing dis...Short peripheral catheters (SPCs) are the most common intravenous devices used in medical practice. Short peripheral catheter thrombophlebitis (SPCT) is the most frequent complication associated with SPCs, causing discomfort and usually leading to removal of the catheter and insertion of a new one at a different site. The aim of this research was to explore whether biomechanical factors, in addition to biochemical factors, also play a role in the formation of thrombophlebitis. Hence, two of the biomechanical aspects of SPCT were investigated: the physical pressure load exerted by the SPC on the endothelial monolayer, and disturbances in the flow patterns due to the SPC. Endothelial activation was studied by subjecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a weight load of SPC pieces and measuring the release profile of von-Willebrand Factor (vWF) over time, using ELISA. vWF release was chosen as the measure for endothelial activation since it was the major component of the Weibel-Palade Bodies (WPBs), which underwent exocytosis by endothelial cells during activation. Flow patterns were analyzed on a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a brachiocephalic vein with SPC. vWF release profiles were significantly higher in the HUVECs subjected to the load, indicating HUVEC activation. CFD simulations demonstrated a decrease in flow velocities along the catheter body, between the catheter and the vein, due to an enlarged boundary layer. Results indicate that the contact region between the SPC body and the vein wall can be partially responsible for SPCT development, and inflammatory and coagulatory processes initiated by stimulated endothelial cells may be amplified due to disturbed blood flow.展开更多
（IV） Intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients yet phlebitis affects 27% to 70% of all patients receiving IV therapy. The incidence of phlebitis has proved to be a...（IV） Intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients yet phlebitis affects 27% to 70% of all patients receiving IV therapy. The incidence of phlebitis has proved to be a menace in effective care of surgical patients, delaying their recovery and increasing duration of hospital stay and cost. The recommendations for reducing its incidence and severity have been varied and of questionable efficacy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether elective change of IV cannula at fixed intervals can have any impact on incidence or severity of phlebitis in surgical patients. All patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, SMIMS undergoing IV cannula insertion, fulfilling the selection criteria and willing to participate in the study, were segregated into two random groups prospectively： Group A wherein cannula was changed electively after 24 hours into a fresh vein preferably on the other upper limb and Group B wherein IV caunula was changed only on development of phlebitis or leak i.e. need-based change. The material/brand and protocol for insertion of IV cannula were standardised for all patients, including skin preparation, insertion, fixation and removal. After carmulation, assessment was made after 6 hours, 12 hours and every 24 hours thereafter at all venepuncture sites. VIP and VAS scales were used to record phlebitis and pain respectively. Upon analysis, though there was a lower VIP score in group A compared to group B （0.89 vs. 1.32）, this difference was not statistically significant （p-value = 0.277）. Furthermore, the differences in pain, as assessed by VAS, at the site of puncture and along the vein were statistically insignificant （p-value 〉 0.05）. Our results are in contradiction to few other studies which recommend a policy of routine change of carmula. Further we advocate a close and thorough monitoring of the venepuncture site and the length of vein immediately distal to the puncture site, as well as a meticulous standardized protocol for IV access.展开更多
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxin Fluid on indwelling needle-related phlebitis by observation of clinical samples and pharmacological study.Methods Eighty-five patients with indwelling needl...Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxin Fluid on indwelling needle-related phlebitis by observation of clinical samples and pharmacological study.Methods Eighty-five patients with indwelling needle-related phlebitis in the neurosurgery department of a Grade A hospital in Shanxi Province from June 2019 to November 2021 were randomly divided into the study group(43 cases)and the vehicle group(42 cases).Patients in the study group were treated with KFX,and patients in the control group were treated with hydrocolloid dressing.The time for symptoms(such as redness and pain)to disappear was recorded.The effect of tissue repair was evaluated by the fin crosscutting model and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the inflammatory models.Q-PCR assay was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-stimulated zebrafish.The effect on promoting angiogenesis was evaluated by the inter-segmental blood vascular defect model of zebrafish.Results The curative effect of the study group was better than the control group.The pain resolution time and the swelling resolution time in the study group were(1.67±0.90)d and(2.25±0.92)d,respectively,shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).KFX can improve the ISV index,increase the regeneration length of the fin,inhibit the migration of neutrophils in three inflammatory models and reduce the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-stimulated zebrafish.Conclusion KFX exerts great clinical efficacy in the treatment of indwelling needle-induced phlebitis which may be associated with inflammation inhibition,angiogenesis promotion,and tissue repair.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study is to observe the clinical effect of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment on the prevention of phlebitis due to cinobufagin.Methods:A total of 90 cancer patients who have been ...Objective:The aim of this study is to observe the clinical effect of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment on the prevention of phlebitis due to cinobufagin.Methods:A total of 90 cancer patients who have been receiving intravenous(Ⅳ)infusion of cinobufagin from May 2018 to June 2019 in the oncology department of our hospital were selected.They were then divided into three groups in a random manner,which include 30 cases in the control group,30 cases in the jinhuang ointment group,and 30 cases in the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment.The control group had a routine care before cinobufagin was infused from the first day of hospitalization.During the routine care mentioned previously,the jinhuang ointment group was given locally jinhuang ointment inunction,qd,and kept for 6 hours.Hand exercises were then done on the combined group excluding jinhuang ointment application,qd,at 10min.After treatment for 1 week,the phlebitis and pain incidences on the venipuncture site were then compared between the three groups.Results:After the 1-week treatment,the incidences of grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ phlebitis in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 53.5%,23.3%,and 10%,respectively.The results have shown a significant decrease in the jinhuang ointment group and the combined group as in comparison with the control group(P=0.0169,P=0.0003).Even with the incidence of the combined group being lower than that of the jinhuang ointment group,no statistically significant difference(P=0.1659)was found.The incidences of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ phlebitis in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 23.3%,3.3%,and 3.3%,respectively.Both the jinhuang ointment group and the combined group had significantly lower results than that of the control group(P=0.0003,P=0.0227).There was no difference in the results of the combined group and the jinhuang ointment group.The incidences of pain in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 56.7%,36.7%,and 20%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the results of the jinhuang ointment group and the control group(P=0.1205);the combined group has shown a significant decrease in the incidence compared with the control group(P=0.0035);the incidence of pain in the combined group was lower than that of the jinhuang ointment group,but without a statistical difference(P=0.1520).Conclusion:Hand exercise together with jinhuang ointment inunction can significantly reduce the incidence of phlebitis produced by cinobufagin.展开更多
文摘Objective: This review aims to determine the impact of different drugs and methods on the successful establishment of an animal model for chemical phlebitis (CP). Design: Search the Cochrane Library, ProQuest Academic Journal Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Embase, CINAHL complete (EESCO) and other related databases to determine the literature. Screen out articles consistent with this review and summarize them. Results: Since the establishment of the database, a total of 1463 articles have been retrieved. After reading the title, abstract and full text, and excluding non-related and duplicate articles, 22 reports were finally included. Among them, there are 8 articles using different medication methods to compare the effects of establishing a CP model. The included articles explored the effects of different animal models, drug types, and their dose, concentration, speed, and time on the CP model. Conclusion: The factors of dose, concentration and time were positively correlated with the incidence of CP. The effect of speed factors on CP and the results of different animal models are inconsistent. It requires further research in the future.
文摘Objective: The efficacy of Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application in treating drug-induced superficial phlebitis caused by parenteral nutrition (PN) is observed. Methods: Fifty-two cases of drug-induced superficial phlebitis after peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) were selected, which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in accordance with the phlebitis grading. In the experimental group, Ji Desheng snake pills were crushed to make a paste with 50% glucose solution, which was then applied to the affected area of phlebitis, the surface was covered with clean gauze, and properly fixed with tape or bandage. The drug was replaced once a day. In the control group, the gauze soaked with 50% magnesium sulfate solution was used, which was applied to the affected part three times a day in wet, and the efficacy was observed respectively on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after applying the drug. Results: On the 1st and 3rd days after treatment, the observed effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (42.31% vs. 15.38% and 76.92% vs. 46.15%, respectively). The difference was statistically significant (p th and 7th days after treatment, there was no statistical significance with respect to the efficacy between the experimental group and the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The significant efficacy could be found in early stage after drug-induced superficial phlebitis was treated by Ji Desheng snake pills combined with hypertonic glucose external application, which was superior to that of the traditional treatment of wet application by using gauze soaked in 50% magnesium sulfate solution.
文摘Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental design was carried among admitted patients in Medical-Surgical Units of BPKIHS. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Simple random sampling technique was used to allocate the wards to each interventional group and purposive sampling technique to select samples where instruments baseline Performa and observation scale was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). The mean visual infusion scale score was more in MSG group as compared with that of HPA group. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. Conclusion: In the research, study findings revealed that Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing is more effective than heparinoid ointment on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis.
文摘Short peripheral catheters (SPCs) are the most common intravenous devices used in medical practice. Short peripheral catheter thrombophlebitis (SPCT) is the most frequent complication associated with SPCs, causing discomfort and usually leading to removal of the catheter and insertion of a new one at a different site. The aim of this research was to explore whether biomechanical factors, in addition to biochemical factors, also play a role in the formation of thrombophlebitis. Hence, two of the biomechanical aspects of SPCT were investigated: the physical pressure load exerted by the SPC on the endothelial monolayer, and disturbances in the flow patterns due to the SPC. Endothelial activation was studied by subjecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a weight load of SPC pieces and measuring the release profile of von-Willebrand Factor (vWF) over time, using ELISA. vWF release was chosen as the measure for endothelial activation since it was the major component of the Weibel-Palade Bodies (WPBs), which underwent exocytosis by endothelial cells during activation. Flow patterns were analyzed on a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a brachiocephalic vein with SPC. vWF release profiles were significantly higher in the HUVECs subjected to the load, indicating HUVEC activation. CFD simulations demonstrated a decrease in flow velocities along the catheter body, between the catheter and the vein, due to an enlarged boundary layer. Results indicate that the contact region between the SPC body and the vein wall can be partially responsible for SPCT development, and inflammatory and coagulatory processes initiated by stimulated endothelial cells may be amplified due to disturbed blood flow.
文摘（IV） Intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients yet phlebitis affects 27% to 70% of all patients receiving IV therapy. The incidence of phlebitis has proved to be a menace in effective care of surgical patients, delaying their recovery and increasing duration of hospital stay and cost. The recommendations for reducing its incidence and severity have been varied and of questionable efficacy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether elective change of IV cannula at fixed intervals can have any impact on incidence or severity of phlebitis in surgical patients. All patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, SMIMS undergoing IV cannula insertion, fulfilling the selection criteria and willing to participate in the study, were segregated into two random groups prospectively： Group A wherein cannula was changed electively after 24 hours into a fresh vein preferably on the other upper limb and Group B wherein IV caunula was changed only on development of phlebitis or leak i.e. need-based change. The material/brand and protocol for insertion of IV cannula were standardised for all patients, including skin preparation, insertion, fixation and removal. After carmulation, assessment was made after 6 hours, 12 hours and every 24 hours thereafter at all venepuncture sites. VIP and VAS scales were used to record phlebitis and pain respectively. Upon analysis, though there was a lower VIP score in group A compared to group B （0.89 vs. 1.32）, this difference was not statistically significant （p-value = 0.277）. Furthermore, the differences in pain, as assessed by VAS, at the site of puncture and along the vein were statistically insignificant （p-value 〉 0.05）. Our results are in contradiction to few other studies which recommend a policy of routine change of carmula. Further we advocate a close and thorough monitoring of the venepuncture site and the length of vein immediately distal to the puncture site, as well as a meticulous standardized protocol for IV access.
基金supported by Nursing Foundation of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University(202004-6).
文摘Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Kangfuxin Fluid on indwelling needle-related phlebitis by observation of clinical samples and pharmacological study.Methods Eighty-five patients with indwelling needle-related phlebitis in the neurosurgery department of a Grade A hospital in Shanxi Province from June 2019 to November 2021 were randomly divided into the study group(43 cases)and the vehicle group(42 cases).Patients in the study group were treated with KFX,and patients in the control group were treated with hydrocolloid dressing.The time for symptoms(such as redness and pain)to disappear was recorded.The effect of tissue repair was evaluated by the fin crosscutting model and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the inflammatory models.Q-PCR assay was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-stimulated zebrafish.The effect on promoting angiogenesis was evaluated by the inter-segmental blood vascular defect model of zebrafish.Results The curative effect of the study group was better than the control group.The pain resolution time and the swelling resolution time in the study group were(1.67±0.90)d and(2.25±0.92)d,respectively,shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).KFX can improve the ISV index,increase the regeneration length of the fin,inhibit the migration of neutrophils in three inflammatory models and reduce the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-αin LPS-stimulated zebrafish.Conclusion KFX exerts great clinical efficacy in the treatment of indwelling needle-induced phlebitis which may be associated with inflammation inhibition,angiogenesis promotion,and tissue repair.
文摘Objective:The aim of this study is to observe the clinical effect of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment on the prevention of phlebitis due to cinobufagin.Methods:A total of 90 cancer patients who have been receiving intravenous(Ⅳ)infusion of cinobufagin from May 2018 to June 2019 in the oncology department of our hospital were selected.They were then divided into three groups in a random manner,which include 30 cases in the control group,30 cases in the jinhuang ointment group,and 30 cases in the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment.The control group had a routine care before cinobufagin was infused from the first day of hospitalization.During the routine care mentioned previously,the jinhuang ointment group was given locally jinhuang ointment inunction,qd,and kept for 6 hours.Hand exercises were then done on the combined group excluding jinhuang ointment application,qd,at 10min.After treatment for 1 week,the phlebitis and pain incidences on the venipuncture site were then compared between the three groups.Results:After the 1-week treatment,the incidences of grade Ⅰ/Ⅱ phlebitis in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 53.5%,23.3%,and 10%,respectively.The results have shown a significant decrease in the jinhuang ointment group and the combined group as in comparison with the control group(P=0.0169,P=0.0003).Even with the incidence of the combined group being lower than that of the jinhuang ointment group,no statistically significant difference(P=0.1659)was found.The incidences of grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ phlebitis in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 23.3%,3.3%,and 3.3%,respectively.Both the jinhuang ointment group and the combined group had significantly lower results than that of the control group(P=0.0003,P=0.0227).There was no difference in the results of the combined group and the jinhuang ointment group.The incidences of pain in the control group,the jinhuang ointment group,and the group of hand exercise combined with jinhuang ointment were 56.7%,36.7%,and 20%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the results of the jinhuang ointment group and the control group(P=0.1205);the combined group has shown a significant decrease in the incidence compared with the control group(P=0.0035);the incidence of pain in the combined group was lower than that of the jinhuang ointment group,but without a statistical difference(P=0.1520).Conclusion:Hand exercise together with jinhuang ointment inunction can significantly reduce the incidence of phlebitis produced by cinobufagin.
