The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on an...The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on anthropogenic emissions from China in 2013 and 2018,respectively.In each group of simulations,a respective 25%reduction in NOx and NH3 emissions were assumed.A sensitivity factor(β)was defined as the relative change in PM2.5 concentration due to 1%change in NOx or NH3 emissions.In the high SO2 emissions case,PM2.5 was more sensitive to NH3(0.31)emissions change than NOx(0.21).Due to the significant decrease in SO2 emissions from the high to low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivity of PM2.5 to NOx increased to 0.33,while its sensitivity to NH3 decreased to 0.22.The result implies that now and in the future,PM2.5 is/will be less sensitive to NH3 emissions change,while NOx emissions control is more effective in reducing the surface PM2.5 concentration.Seasonally,in the low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivities of PM2.5 to NOx and NH3 in winter were higher than those in summer,indicating that to dealwith severewinter hazemore attention should be paid to the emissions control of inorganic PM2.5 precursors,especially NOx.展开更多
考虑在函数型解释变量部分观测的情况下,用函数线性模型刻画与标量响应变量的关系.基于函数型主成分分析(Functional Principal Component Analysis,简称FPCA)实现了对缺失部分样本的重构,并通过实证分析,对一组北京市2010-2014年间统...考虑在函数型解释变量部分观测的情况下,用函数线性模型刻画与标量响应变量的关系.基于函数型主成分分析(Functional Principal Component Analysis,简称FPCA)实现了对缺失部分样本的重构,并通过实证分析,对一组北京市2010-2014年间统计的包括部分观测PM2.5数值的气象数据,分析了PM2.5作为部分观测函数型解释变量对标量响应变量平均气温的影响,结果表明了该方法具有处理缺失函数数据的现实意义.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41805098].
文摘The authors evaluated and compared the behavior of PM2.5 with respect to NOx and NH3 emission changes in high(the year 2013)and low(the year 2018)SO2 emission cases.Two groups of simulations were conducted based on anthropogenic emissions from China in 2013 and 2018,respectively.In each group of simulations,a respective 25%reduction in NOx and NH3 emissions were assumed.A sensitivity factor(β)was defined as the relative change in PM2.5 concentration due to 1%change in NOx or NH3 emissions.In the high SO2 emissions case,PM2.5 was more sensitive to NH3(0.31)emissions change than NOx(0.21).Due to the significant decrease in SO2 emissions from the high to low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivity of PM2.5 to NOx increased to 0.33,while its sensitivity to NH3 decreased to 0.22.The result implies that now and in the future,PM2.5 is/will be less sensitive to NH3 emissions change,while NOx emissions control is more effective in reducing the surface PM2.5 concentration.Seasonally,in the low SO2 emissions case,the sensitivities of PM2.5 to NOx and NH3 in winter were higher than those in summer,indicating that to dealwith severewinter hazemore attention should be paid to the emissions control of inorganic PM2.5 precursors,especially NOx.
文摘考虑在函数型解释变量部分观测的情况下,用函数线性模型刻画与标量响应变量的关系.基于函数型主成分分析(Functional Principal Component Analysis,简称FPCA)实现了对缺失部分样本的重构,并通过实证分析,对一组北京市2010-2014年间统计的包括部分观测PM2.5数值的气象数据,分析了PM2.5作为部分观测函数型解释变量对标量响应变量平均气温的影响,结果表明了该方法具有处理缺失函数数据的现实意义.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2022YFC370110]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42077194,42061134008,and 42377098]+1 种基金the Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project[grant number 21230780200]the Shanghai General Project[grant number 23ZR1406100].
