Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) in Beijing,China

During 2001-2006,PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site,China,and in 2006,at a background site in Duolun (DL).The long-term monitoring data of elements,ions,and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements,nitrates,ammonium salts,and sulfates.These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of...

PM2.5-induced Alterations of Gene Expression in HBE Cells Revealed by Gene Chip Analysis

PM2.5 are fine inhalable particles with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller and are characterized by a small particle size,a large surface area,and a strong toxin absorption ability[1-3].PM2.5 contains heavy metals and organic pollutants that are harmful to human health and exert carcinogenic,teratogenic,and mutagenic effects[4-7].PM2.5 has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)[2].The economy has developed rapidly making air pollution a serious environmental health problem in China.The purpose of this study was to explore the differentially expressed genes and pathways after a PM2.5 exposure in the human bronchial epithelial(HBE)cells via gene chip technology and bioinformatics analysis.

Studies on Ecological Monitoring of Plant Community and Plant Diversity in Shenzhen, Southern China

From Jan. 2013 to Nov. 2018, we carried out the investigation on vegetation studies in the ecological monitoring programs, Shenzhen and totally researched 170 plant communities of mountain areas etc., few areas of street regions and parks etc., for communities’ structural characteristics and plant diversity. We comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level and the main affected factors. We also researched and analyzed these communities’ structural characteristics and pant diversity, comparatively analyzed natural forests, semi-natural forest and artificial forest composition and structural characters and family, genus and species diversity level, the main affected factors;researched and analyzed the relationship between plant community structure characteristics with the absorbing ability to PM2.5 pollutants. The result showed that the structure and plant diversity of natural forest were obviously better than artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, the semi-natural forest was the middle level of the forests, In the indices of height, DBH, coverage and crow width etc. of tree layer, natural forests and semi-natural forests were obvious higher than that of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest;in some forests of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, though their richness indices of family and genus were a slightly higher, but this contribution was majorly due to herb layer plants, and some shrub layer plants. Analyzing three kinds of communities, the number of tree layer species of natural forest was the largest, and their every α-diversity index value was the highest;these characteristics values of semi-natural forest were second, artificial disturbed forests or artificial forests were the lowest;in shrub layer, and herb layer, few α-diversity indices of artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest were a slightly higher than that of some natural forests, but the integral values of the diversity indices of natural forest and semi-natural forest were obviously higher than the former. The research showed that in the artificial disturbed forest or artificial forest, because there have some little scale clearing areas, so some pioneer plant species could enter the community and formed a temporarily increase of species diversity, however, these species major were some shrub and herb plants;but tree layer possessed obviously more, even surpassed several ten times biomass than shrub and herb layers. Therefore, the respects of maintain ecosystem stability and other ecological efficient have major and dominated position and so on;and then this community can be natural recovery and succession, those forementioned new entire plants shall withdraw from the community and are replaced by the original plants of the community;but this process has already caused the ecological efficient loss and ecosystem unstable. Above research results are better evidence and theory reference to the argument problems on that are natural forest and natural restoration forest biodiversity higher? or is artificial forest biodiversity higher? and or is more artificial disturbed forest higher? Our researches showed that used random investigation method set quadrats, and combined typical investigation method, the structural indices in the all layer of community and all diversity indices of tree, shrub and herb layers and the integral values were similar, same or usually these indices in the community which set 600 m2, 800 m2 total quatrat area were higher (α-diversity) than that of more than 3000 m2, 4000 m2 or 7000 m2, even more than 17,000 m2 total quadrat area of communities. These lots of researches further proved that according to minimum area method for vegetation survey, in subtropical region, using random investigation method combined with typical investigation set 400 m2 or 400 m2 - 500 m2 total quad

简要分析利用M2M技术监测PM2.5

本文以ATMEGA128单片机芯片为核心,实现了一个实用、经济的PM2.5无线监测系统网络。此系统把传感器技术与单片机的控制技术、AD转换技术相结合,实现对空气颗粒浓度的采集。把模拟量转换成数字量,经过单片机的处理计算后,显示PM2.5值。

雾霾约束下中国环境技术效率测度及影响因素研究——基于SBM-Undesirable的省际面板数据

将雾霾这一新的约束条件纳入环境技术效率研究框架,基于2001—2012年省际面板数据,运用SBMUndesirable方法测算了雾霾约束条件下的各地区环境技术效率,重点探讨了技术创新与环境规制强度对环境技术效率的影响.效率测算结果显示:雾霾约束下中国整体环境技术效率平均值仅为0.616,环境技术效率水平提升空间较大;环境技术效率区域发展不平衡,东、中、西部地区环境技术效率水平依次下降;各省市环境技术效率差异显著;各地区节能减霾潜力巨大.进一步的效率影响因素分析表明,当前的技术创新、环境规制强度并未能显著改变雾霾污染现状以及提升环境技术效率,经济规模、外资依存度、人口密度及地理位置因素均可以促进环境技术效率提升,产业结构和贸易依存度则有负向作用.

新型现代有轨电车内PM 2.5浓度实时监测系统设计

设计了一种新型的基于GPRS的现代有轨电车内PM 2.5浓度实时监测系统。系统包括车载硬件终端和中心平台,车载硬件终端实现对电车内PM 2.5浓度数据采集;中心平台以TCP协议的Socket通信为基础,采用Visual Basic软件设计,能实时显示和记录车内PM 2.5浓度的动态曲线以及历史数据。车载硬件终端与中心平台间采用GPRS网络模块SIM900A通信。该系统通过与车内空气净化器组合使用,可提高车内空气质量。

南充市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的监测及污染控制研究

针对南充市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)的监测及其污染控制探讨问题。首先对PM_(2.5)的监测进行了介绍,在这里介绍了南充市污染气象的数据、南充市高坪区环境空气污染气象的数据和南充市三区环境空气的状况,然后探讨了南充市PM_(2.5)监测站网的建设,在这里同时探讨了国外PM_(2.5)监测站网概况和中国对PM_(2.5)监测站网的建设,最后对PM_(2.5)对环境产生的影响进行了总结,对南充市PM_(2.5)对大气层及气候环境产生的影响和PM_(2.5)进行了探讨。

城市房地产开发建设项目水土保持监测及指标研究

结合城市房地产项目建设现状,在分析新形势下城市房地产项目建设引发的生态环境和水土流失问题的基础上,提出了一套适用于城市房地产开发建设项目的水土保持监测指标体系。体系中有特色的提出了与城市房地产项目建设有关的表土剥离和利用、临时占地与永久占地比例、硬化地面控制率、雨洪利用率等指标,做到全面监测城市房地产项目建设中水土流失问题,监测结果也能很好的指导城市房地产项目的建设。

星地结合的细颗粒物超标防控区精确识别方法

为精确识别细颗粒物(PM 2.5)浓度超标的区域空间,依据卫星遥感与站点监测在PM 2.5浓度观测方面的特点,建立遥感反演数据与站点监测数据间的临界映射分析法,综合卫星遥感覆盖面广和站点监测准确性高的技术优势。通过该方法研究珠三角区域2013年灰霾污染过程的PM 2.5浓度超标区域,结果表明,利用星地结合的方法可以精确识别出PM 2.5浓度超标的区域空间;广州市西部和南部、佛山市大部、肇庆市主城区及东南部、东莞市西部和北部、中山市北部和中部、江门市主城区及东部是珠三角PM 2.5污染的高发地区,应作为防控重点。

Research Progress on PM＿(2.5) Pollution in China

For the status quo that haze weather continuously appeared in every area of China,and air quality sharply declined in recent years,we summarized research progress on PM2. 5in China,introduced the concept of PM2. 5,pointed out the adverse effects of PM2. 5on atmospheric environment and human health,and simply summarized monitoring method of PM2. 5. At present,China＇s researches about PM2. 5mainly concentrated in the impact on atmospheric environment,comparative analysis between PM2. 5and PM10,and analysis on various components of PM2. 5. Finally,we put forward some suggestions strengthening technique research and improving atmospheric environment in China.

南京市冬季PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子污染特征研究

基于城市超级站对2018年12月-2019年2月南京市在线水溶性离子污染特征进行研究。结果表明:监测期间水溶性无机离子(WSIs)质量浓度均值为45.7μg/m^(3),占PM_(2.5)的67.8%,各离子排序为NO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>NH^(+)_(4)>Cl^(-)>K^(+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)。二次离子(SNA)是PM_(2.5)主要组分,大气气溶胶呈中性。各离子日变化存在差异,SNA变化趋势和WSIs基本一致。南京市冬季存在明显SO_(2)和NO_(2)向SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-)二次转化;NO_(3)^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)均值为1.96,移动源增量大于固定源。通过相关性和三相聚类分析可知,SNA主要结合方式为(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)和NH_(4)NO_(3)。主成分分析表明,南京市冬季PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子主要来源是二次转化,燃煤、生物质燃烧和土壤建筑扬尘也有贡献。

大型电袋复合除尘器细颗粒物测试技术应用

介绍了电袋复合除尘器颗粒物PM2.5、PM10的基本测试技术、方法,绘制了颗粒物的质量浓度粒径分布图,对颗粒物测试结果进行分析,并指出该型除尘器在去除细颗粒物方面所具备的优势,为进一步达到超净排放目标指明发展方向。

基于物联网的大气颗粒污染物浓度监测方法研究

在算法优化层面,研究大气颗粒污染物浓度物联网监测方法。使用差值升维算法治理PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)物联网探头采集的单列数据,并沿时间戳指针变量,对每个数据记录分别进行神经网络分析,同时利用最小二乘法的R^(2)值数据作为循环控制变量,使输出值的精度达到R^(2)>0.990的精度水平。经过该算法处理后,三种探头的非线性结果R2值均超过0.990,该方法可有效提升低精度探头的测量精度,提高低精度探头的实际测量结果的误差控制能力,且具有更好的污染物监测数据处理精度。

Air Pollution in Major Chinese Cities: Some Progress, But Much More to Do

Background: Ambient (outdoor) air pollution has been implicated as a major cause of acute cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses and increased risk for acute and chronic effects after chronic exposures, including mortality and morbidity. In 2008, due to persistent health concerns about its workforce and their dependents, the US Mission in China began monitoring air quality at the US Embassy in Beijing. Subsequently, monitoring stations were also established at US consulates at Shanghai (2011), Guangzhou (2011), Chengdu (2012), and Shenyang (2013). Objectives: To determine whether there have been definable trends in air quality in these five Chinese cities. Methods: Air monitoring results from each locale for accumulated PM2.5 particulate matter were calculated hourly. Accumulated data were organized, culled using a standardized set of heuristics, and analyzed for trends. Results: China’s capital city, Beijing, experienced decreased PM2.5 from 2013 through 2015, but no significant long-term downward trend from 2008 through 2015. Shanghai has not shown any definable air quality trend since 2012. Chengdu experienced some improvement in air quality since 2013, but none discernible from 2012 through 2015. Guangzhou had generally better air quality, and a downward trend since 2012. Shenyang experienced increasingly severe air pollution from 2013 through 2015. Conclusion: There appear to have been recent tangible, though modest, improvements in air quality in three large Chinese cities: Beijing, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, but no apparent progress in Shanghai, and a worrisome decline in air quality observed in Shenyang. Despite recent progress, there is a long way to go before even the cities which show improvement reach Chinese standards.

宜良县城环境空气中颗粒物污染趋势分析

基于2019年宜良县城空气质量自动监测数据,分析了环境空气中PM 10与PM 2.5污染变化趋势,探讨了空气质量污染的原因,进而为控制宜良县城PM 10与PM 2.5污染,改善空气质量提出合理化建议。

状态监测与故障诊断技术在冶金设备管理中的应用

本文主要介绍了我公司开展状态监测与故障诊断工作的缘由、依据与现状,以及近几年所取得的显著效果,易进一步提高设备管理水平。

环境空气监测中TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的监测总结

环境监测是环境保护的喉舌,是生态环境保护的前沿阵地,只有让环境监测发挥其应有的职能,提供科学有效的监测数据,才能更好地保护环境。通过对环境空气监测中TSP、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的手工监测技术的深入探讨,旨在提高环境监测人员的技术水平。

如何规范应用国网PMS系统,提高变电运行管理水平

一套规范、完整的标准化生产管理系统对提高变电运行管理水平具有非常重要的意义。该系统采用横向集成、纵向贯通的方式,可覆盖电网生产的全过程,有利于国家电网实现生产精细化、集约化、标准化管理的目标。

居室空气中PM2.5上PAHs的定量分析

以美国EPA方法为基础,对居民室内外空气中PM2.5上多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定.以GC/MS为检测手段,采用选择性离子检测技术(SIM)进行定性,内标法结合响应因子法进行定量.结果表明,PAHs的指示物回收率分别是(45.70±12.87)%(萘 D8),(70.12±9.17)%(二氢苊 D10),(79.26±7.4)%(菲 D10),(91.10±7.65)%( D12)和(102.63±8.85)%( D12),目标化合物的回收率为49.79%～107.68%,方法检测限为0.0109～0.1850ng.

基于物联网技术的绿色建筑施工场地PM_(2.5)污染监测方法研究

建筑行业环境污染问题较为严重,尤其是PM_(2.5)污染。绿色建筑技术的应用虽然能够有效地降低PM_(2.5)浓度,但仍然会对环境与人体造成危害,故需要进行精准的监测与治理,提出基于物联网技术的绿色建筑施工场地PM_(2.5)污染监测方法研究。深入分析绿色建筑施工场地PM_(2.5)污染浓度的影响因素,基于物联网技术构建绿色建筑施工场地PM_(2.5)污染监测网络模型,获取初始PM_(2.5)污染监测数据,对监测数据进行清洗、整理与校准预处理,确定每个传感器节点的权重系数,通过加权平均方式计算绿色建筑施工场地的PM_(2.5)污染浓度,从而实现了绿色建筑施工场地PM_(2.5)污染的有效监测。实验结果显示:在不同湿度条件下,应用提出方法获得的PM_(2.5)污染监测结果与实际结果保持一致,充分证实了提出方法的有效性。