森林生态系统模型已经成为一门新兴的科学,可以为森林资源的管理利用、森林最大收益的获取提供科学依据。PnET模型是美国复杂系统研究中心(Complex System Research Center)开发研制的,最初是为了模拟森林生态系统碳水平衡而创建,目前...森林生态系统模型已经成为一门新兴的科学,可以为森林资源的管理利用、森林最大收益的获取提供科学依据。PnET模型是美国复杂系统研究中心(Complex System Research Center)开发研制的,最初是为了模拟森林生态系统碳水平衡而创建,目前该模型可以模拟完整的氮循环过程。PnET模型已经在美洲、欧洲以及亚洲的一些地区得到了验证和运用,可用于森林乃至陆地生态系统的模拟。PnET模型可用来分析森林林木生长规律,不同土壤类型及气候条件对森林生态系统碳氮通量变化的影响;还可用于估算森林生态系统最大生产潜力,对生长在不利条件以及地区的林木生长进行预测等。该模型对可持续林业的发展具有积极的指导作用。展开更多
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)are the second most common neoplasm of the pancreas after ductal adenocarcinoma.The clinical behavior of PNETs is very difficult to predict,especially for well-differentiated PNE...Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)are the second most common neoplasm of the pancreas after ductal adenocarcinoma.The clinical behavior of PNETs is very difficult to predict,especially for well-differentiated PNETs.Several classification systems have been developed to differentiate benign from malignant PNETs.The current 5th edition WHO(2019)updated the grading system of PNETs which is now entirely based on proliferative rate(either mitotic count or Ki-67 index).In this article,we systemically reviewed the evolution of the histologic classification and grading systems for well-differentiated PNETs.Meanwhile,we also report a comprehensive summary of immunohistochemical and molecular prognostic factors for PNETs patients,including CK19,KIT,PDL1/PD-L1,UCH-L1 and CNPY2.We believe that more reliable grading systems and prognostic markers are emerging and will change the landscape of treatment for well-differentiated PNETs.展开更多
文摘森林生态系统模型已经成为一门新兴的科学,可以为森林资源的管理利用、森林最大收益的获取提供科学依据。PnET模型是美国复杂系统研究中心(Complex System Research Center)开发研制的,最初是为了模拟森林生态系统碳水平衡而创建,目前该模型可以模拟完整的氮循环过程。PnET模型已经在美洲、欧洲以及亚洲的一些地区得到了验证和运用,可用于森林乃至陆地生态系统的模拟。PnET模型可用来分析森林林木生长规律,不同土壤类型及气候条件对森林生态系统碳氮通量变化的影响;还可用于估算森林生态系统最大生产潜力,对生长在不利条件以及地区的林木生长进行预测等。该模型对可持续林业的发展具有积极的指导作用。
文摘Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)are the second most common neoplasm of the pancreas after ductal adenocarcinoma.The clinical behavior of PNETs is very difficult to predict,especially for well-differentiated PNETs.Several classification systems have been developed to differentiate benign from malignant PNETs.The current 5th edition WHO(2019)updated the grading system of PNETs which is now entirely based on proliferative rate(either mitotic count or Ki-67 index).In this article,we systemically reviewed the evolution of the histologic classification and grading systems for well-differentiated PNETs.Meanwhile,we also report a comprehensive summary of immunohistochemical and molecular prognostic factors for PNETs patients,including CK19,KIT,PDL1/PD-L1,UCH-L1 and CNPY2.We believe that more reliable grading systems and prognostic markers are emerging and will change the landscape of treatment for well-differentiated PNETs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.31070438 The Key Project of CAS Knowledge Innovation Program, No.KZCX2-YW-305-3+1 种基金 No.KZCX2-YW-QN301 State Key Basic Research Development Proiect, No.2010CB833503
