Carbon biomass,carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratio(C꞉Chl a),and the growth rate of phytoplankton cells were studied during four seasonal cruises in 2017 and 2018 in Jiaozhou Bay,China.Water samples were collected from 12 st...Carbon biomass,carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratio(C꞉Chl a),and the growth rate of phytoplankton cells were studied during four seasonal cruises in 2017 and 2018 in Jiaozhou Bay,China.Water samples were collected from 12 stations,and phytoplankton carbon biomass(phyto-C)was estimated from microscope-measured cell volumes.The phyto-C ranged from 5.05 to 78.52μg C/L in the bay,and it constituted a mean of 38.16% of the total particulate organic carbon in the bay.High phyto-C values appeared mostly in the northern or northeastern bay.Diatom carbon was predominant during all four cruises.Dinoflagellate carbon contributed much less(<30%)to the total phyto-C,and high values appeared often in the outer bay.The C꞉Chl a of phytoplankton cells varied from 11.50 to 61.45(mean 31.66),and high values appeared in the outer bay during all four seasons.The phyto-C was also used to calculate the intrinsic growth rates of phytoplankton cells in the bay,and phytoplankton growth rates ranged from 0.56 to 1.96/d;the rate was highest in summer(mean 1.79/d),followed by that in fall(mean 1.24/d)and spring(mean 1.17/d),and the rate was lowest in winter(mean 0.77/d).Temperature and silicate concentration were found to be the determining factors of phytoplankton growth rates in the bay.To our knowledge,this study is the first report on phytoplankton carbon biomass and C꞉Chl a based on water samples in Jiaozhou Bay,and it will provide useful information for studies on carbon-based food web calculations and carbon-based ecosystem models in the bay.展开更多
为降低正交频分复用(OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)信号的峰均功率比(PAPR:Peak Average Power Ratio)过高对系统产生的危害,提出将最小二乘估计方法(LS:Least Square Estimation)融合到凸集映射的星座图扩展技术中...为降低正交频分复用(OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)信号的峰均功率比(PAPR:Peak Average Power Ratio)过高对系统产生的危害,提出将最小二乘估计方法(LS:Least Square Estimation)融合到凸集映射的星座图扩展技术中(ACE-POCS:Active Constellation Extension-Projected Onto Convex Sets),得到了一种新算法(LS-ACE-POCS:Least Square Estimation of Active Constellation Extension-Projected Onto Convex Sets)。该算法采用最小二乘估计算出一个最优因子,并将最优因子与消峰信号相乘,产生新的消峰信号,从而经过1次迭代便可与传统ACE-POCS算法10次迭代相媲美。由Matlab仿真结果可知,在相同的仿真环境下,该算法经过一次迭代比传统算法第10次迭代的PAPR低0.223 dB,并且其误码率性能稍微优异于传统算法,同时大大降低了系统的复杂度。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31700425,91751202)the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.133137KYSB20200002)the Taishan Scholars Project to Song SUN。
文摘Carbon biomass,carbon-to-chlorophyll a ratio(C꞉Chl a),and the growth rate of phytoplankton cells were studied during four seasonal cruises in 2017 and 2018 in Jiaozhou Bay,China.Water samples were collected from 12 stations,and phytoplankton carbon biomass(phyto-C)was estimated from microscope-measured cell volumes.The phyto-C ranged from 5.05 to 78.52μg C/L in the bay,and it constituted a mean of 38.16% of the total particulate organic carbon in the bay.High phyto-C values appeared mostly in the northern or northeastern bay.Diatom carbon was predominant during all four cruises.Dinoflagellate carbon contributed much less(<30%)to the total phyto-C,and high values appeared often in the outer bay.The C꞉Chl a of phytoplankton cells varied from 11.50 to 61.45(mean 31.66),and high values appeared in the outer bay during all four seasons.The phyto-C was also used to calculate the intrinsic growth rates of phytoplankton cells in the bay,and phytoplankton growth rates ranged from 0.56 to 1.96/d;the rate was highest in summer(mean 1.79/d),followed by that in fall(mean 1.24/d)and spring(mean 1.17/d),and the rate was lowest in winter(mean 0.77/d).Temperature and silicate concentration were found to be the determining factors of phytoplankton growth rates in the bay.To our knowledge,this study is the first report on phytoplankton carbon biomass and C꞉Chl a based on water samples in Jiaozhou Bay,and it will provide useful information for studies on carbon-based food web calculations and carbon-based ecosystem models in the bay.
文摘为降低正交频分复用(OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)信号的峰均功率比(PAPR:Peak Average Power Ratio)过高对系统产生的危害,提出将最小二乘估计方法(LS:Least Square Estimation)融合到凸集映射的星座图扩展技术中(ACE-POCS:Active Constellation Extension-Projected Onto Convex Sets),得到了一种新算法(LS-ACE-POCS:Least Square Estimation of Active Constellation Extension-Projected Onto Convex Sets)。该算法采用最小二乘估计算出一个最优因子,并将最优因子与消峰信号相乘,产生新的消峰信号,从而经过1次迭代便可与传统ACE-POCS算法10次迭代相媲美。由Matlab仿真结果可知,在相同的仿真环境下,该算法经过一次迭代比传统算法第10次迭代的PAPR低0.223 dB,并且其误码率性能稍微优异于传统算法,同时大大降低了系统的复杂度。
