Aim:To study the regulatory effects of 9-cis retinoic acid(RA)on the expression of human homeobox gene NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.Methods:Flow cytometry,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction a...Aim:To study the regulatory effects of 9-cis retinoic acid(RA)on the expression of human homeobox gene NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.Methods:Flow cytometry,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the effects of 9-cis RA on NKX3.1 expression and cell cycle of LNCaP cells.To identify a regulatory region within the NKX3.1 promoter contributing to the regulation induced by 9-cis RA, we have constructed an NKX3.1 promoter-reporter plasmid,pGL_3-1040bp,and its 5′-deletion mutants,which were transfected into LNCaP cells with treatment of 9-cis RA in indicated concentrations.Results:With the treatment of 9-cis RA,the NKX3.1 promoter activity was increased in reporter gene assay and NKX3.1 expression was enhanced at both mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP cells.We found that the region between -936 and -921 in the upstream of NKX3.1 gene involved the inducible regulation by 9-cis RA treatment.In flow cytometry,9-cis RA treatment caused accumulation of cells in the G_1 phase of the cell cycle and a fewer cells pass through to G_2/M.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that 9-cis RA as a differentiating agent can arrest prostate cancer cells in G_1 phase and reduce cell mitosis,and upregulate the expression of human homeobox gene NKX3.1,which is thought to play an important role in prostate differentiation and to act as a tumor suppressor gene in the prostate.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jul;8:435-441)展开更多
For the aim of finding new available functional materials, a series of nitrogen heteroatom 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole molecules were designed based on the experiment and theoretical studies of 2 β naphthylb...For the aim of finding new available functional materials, a series of nitrogen heteroatom 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole molecules were designed based on the experiment and theoretical studies of 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole molecule. Geometry optimization of the 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole was carried out by using Hyperchem Molecular Mechanics plus MM+. The planar molecular structure was obtained. The quantum chemistry calculating method PPP SCF CI, which is specially available to treat electron spectrum, was applied to investigate each novel designed molecules. Their electronic structures were analyzed in detail, it shows that total π electron energy decreased linearly with the number of replaced nitrogen. Single nitrogen atom located in benzoxazole ring or naphthalene ring results in contrary changes of level difference of FMO; multiple nitrogen atoms located in different molecular positions will lead to polarization of extremum in the level difference of FMO; and 5 nitrogen heteroatoms reach the culmination. Considering other electronic structure information, some favorable designed molecules were identified.展开更多
The effect of the conformation on the spin multiplicity of the ground state and the stability of the ground state were investigated for m-phenylene type of biradicals by means of comparative study with DFT, CASSCF and...The effect of the conformation on the spin multiplicity of the ground state and the stability of the ground state were investigated for m-phenylene type of biradicals by means of comparative study with DFT, CASSCF and AM1-CI approaches. It was found that AM1-CI approach is reliable in dealing with the stability of the high-spin ground state with the change of conformation; DFT method can give the reasonable results of the spin density of the high-spin state. Furthermore, when one or two radical centers are twisted sufficiently out of the conjugation with the benzene ring, m-phenylene turns into weak ferromagnetic and weak antiferromagnetic coupling units, respectively.展开更多
Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^＊N—S— as a spin-containing （SC） fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene （ 1 ）, pyridine （2）, pyridazi...Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^＊N—S— as a spin-containing （SC） fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene （ 1 ）, pyridine （2）, pyridazine （3） , pyrimidine （4）, pyrazine （5） or triazine （6） as end groups （EG）, and phenyl as a ferromagnetic coupling （FC） unit. The effects of different EG on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of the AM1-CI approach. All the investigated molecules corresponded to the FC and possessed high-spin ground states. The spin on the two atoms of the SC fragment was not in agreement with the delocalization results in the specific stability of —^＊N—S—. In those molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decreased when the distance between the atoms of central SC fragments （—N—） increased. The stabilities of the triplet states of compounds 1a-n, 1b-n and 1c-n, with heterocycles as EG were higher than those of the triplet states of those compounds with phenyl as EG. Furthermore, the stahilities of the triplet states of the compounds with pyrimidine and triazine as EG were higher than those with pyridine, pyridazine or pyrasine as EG.展开更多
Novel stable high spin molecules possessing three different arranged fashions are designed with - · N-N< as a spin-containing(SC) fragment, phenylene as an end group and various aromatic molecules, such as ben...Novel stable high spin molecules possessing three different arranged fashions are designed with - · N-N< as a spin-containing(SC) fragment, phenylene as an end group and various aromatic molecules, such as benzene(1), 2,6-pyridine(2), 3,5-pyridine(3), pyridazine(4), 4,6-pyrimidine(5), 2,6-pyrimidine(6), pyrazine(7) and triazine(8), as a ferromagnetic coupling(FC) unit. The effects of the different coupling units on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of AM1-CI approach. It has been found that the spin densities on the two atoms of the SC fragment are different from delocalization results in the specific stability of - · N-N<. In these molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decrease when the distance between the atoms of central SC(-N-) increases. It is shown that the heterocycles as the coupling units have influence on the stabilities of the high-spin ground states. That the heteroatom lying in m -phenyl can improve ferromagnetic coupling, while the heteroatom lying in o -phenyl or p -phenyl is not in favor of the ferromagnetic coupling.展开更多
Astrocytes can release increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor during cerebral ischemia, but it is unclear whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor affects y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function i...Astrocytes can release increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor during cerebral ischemia, but it is unclear whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor affects y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function in normal neurons. Results from this study demonstrated that y-aminobutyric acid at 100 pmol/L concentration raised the intracellular calcium level in neurons treated with medium from cultured hypoxic astrocytes, and the rise in calcium level could be inhibited by y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist bicuculline or brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor antagonist k252a, y-aminobutyric acid type A-gated current induced by 100 IJmol/L y-aminobutyric acid was in an inward direction in physiological conditions, but shifted to the outward direction in neurons when treated with the medium from cultured hypoxic astrocytes, and this effect could be inhibited by k252a. The reverse potential was shifted leftward to -93 mV, which could be inhibited by k252a and Na＋-K＋-CI cotransporter inhibitor bumetanide. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was released from hypoxic astrocytes at a high level. It shifted the reverse potential of y-aminobutyric acid type A-gated currents leftward in normal neurons by enhancing the function of Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter, and caused y-aminobutyric acid to exert an excitatory effect by activating y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.展开更多
文摘Aim:To study the regulatory effects of 9-cis retinoic acid(RA)on the expression of human homeobox gene NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.Methods:Flow cytometry,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the effects of 9-cis RA on NKX3.1 expression and cell cycle of LNCaP cells.To identify a regulatory region within the NKX3.1 promoter contributing to the regulation induced by 9-cis RA, we have constructed an NKX3.1 promoter-reporter plasmid,pGL_3-1040bp,and its 5′-deletion mutants,which were transfected into LNCaP cells with treatment of 9-cis RA in indicated concentrations.Results:With the treatment of 9-cis RA,the NKX3.1 promoter activity was increased in reporter gene assay and NKX3.1 expression was enhanced at both mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP cells.We found that the region between -936 and -921 in the upstream of NKX3.1 gene involved the inducible regulation by 9-cis RA treatment.In flow cytometry,9-cis RA treatment caused accumulation of cells in the G_1 phase of the cell cycle and a fewer cells pass through to G_2/M.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that 9-cis RA as a differentiating agent can arrest prostate cancer cells in G_1 phase and reduce cell mitosis,and upregulate the expression of human homeobox gene NKX3.1,which is thought to play an important role in prostate differentiation and to act as a tumor suppressor gene in the prostate.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jul;8:435-441)
文摘For the aim of finding new available functional materials, a series of nitrogen heteroatom 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole molecules were designed based on the experiment and theoretical studies of 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole molecule. Geometry optimization of the 2 β naphthylbenzoxazole was carried out by using Hyperchem Molecular Mechanics plus MM+. The planar molecular structure was obtained. The quantum chemistry calculating method PPP SCF CI, which is specially available to treat electron spectrum, was applied to investigate each novel designed molecules. Their electronic structures were analyzed in detail, it shows that total π electron energy decreased linearly with the number of replaced nitrogen. Single nitrogen atom located in benzoxazole ring or naphthalene ring results in contrary changes of level difference of FMO; multiple nitrogen atoms located in different molecular positions will lead to polarization of extremum in the level difference of FMO; and 5 nitrogen heteroatoms reach the culmination. Considering other electronic structure information, some favorable designed molecules were identified.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 980 4 0 0 2,2 0 2 74 0 0 6 ) ,FokYing-TungEducationFoundation( No.710 13) and Foundation of Northeast Normal University( No.1114 34)
文摘The effect of the conformation on the spin multiplicity of the ground state and the stability of the ground state were investigated for m-phenylene type of biradicals by means of comparative study with DFT, CASSCF and AM1-CI approaches. It was found that AM1-CI approach is reliable in dealing with the stability of the high-spin ground state with the change of conformation; DFT method can give the reasonable results of the spin density of the high-spin state. Furthermore, when one or two radical centers are twisted sufficiently out of the conjugation with the benzene ring, m-phenylene turns into weak ferromagnetic and weak antiferromagnetic coupling units, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chana(Nos. 29804002, 20274006) and Tianjin Polytechnic Univer-sity Item(Nos. 029307, 029302).
文摘Novel stable high-spin molecules possessing three different arranging fashions were designed with —^＊N—S— as a spin-containing （SC） fragment, an aromatic group, such as benzene （ 1 ）, pyridine （2）, pyridazine （3） , pyrimidine （4）, pyrazine （5） or triazine （6） as end groups （EG）, and phenyl as a ferromagnetic coupling （FC） unit. The effects of different EG on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of the AM1-CI approach. All the investigated molecules corresponded to the FC and possessed high-spin ground states. The spin on the two atoms of the SC fragment was not in agreement with the delocalization results in the specific stability of —^＊N—S—. In those molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decreased when the distance between the atoms of central SC fragments （—N—） increased. The stabilities of the triplet states of compounds 1a-n, 1b-n and 1c-n, with heterocycles as EG were higher than those of the triplet states of those compounds with phenyl as EG. Furthermore, the stahilities of the triplet states of the compounds with pyrimidine and triazine as EG were higher than those with pyridine, pyridazine or pyrasine as EG.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China( No.2 980 4 0 0 2,2 0 2 74 0 0 6 ) ,FokYingTungEducationFoundation( No.710 13) and Foundation of Northeast Normal University( No.1114 34)
文摘Novel stable high spin molecules possessing three different arranged fashions are designed with - · N-N< as a spin-containing(SC) fragment, phenylene as an end group and various aromatic molecules, such as benzene(1), 2,6-pyridine(2), 3,5-pyridine(3), pyridazine(4), 4,6-pyrimidine(5), 2,6-pyrimidine(6), pyrazine(7) and triazine(8), as a ferromagnetic coupling(FC) unit. The effects of the different coupling units on the spin multiplicities of the ground states and their stabilities were investigated by means of AM1-CI approach. It has been found that the spin densities on the two atoms of the SC fragment are different from delocalization results in the specific stability of - · N-N<. In these molecules, the stabilities of the triplet states decrease when the distance between the atoms of central SC(-N-) increases. It is shown that the heterocycles as the coupling units have influence on the stabilities of the high-spin ground states. That the heteroatom lying in m -phenyl can improve ferromagnetic coupling, while the heteroatom lying in o -phenyl or p -phenyl is not in favor of the ferromagnetic coupling.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30471657
文摘Astrocytes can release increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor during cerebral ischemia, but it is unclear whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor affects y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function in normal neurons. Results from this study demonstrated that y-aminobutyric acid at 100 pmol/L concentration raised the intracellular calcium level in neurons treated with medium from cultured hypoxic astrocytes, and the rise in calcium level could be inhibited by y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonist bicuculline or brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor antagonist k252a, y-aminobutyric acid type A-gated current induced by 100 IJmol/L y-aminobutyric acid was in an inward direction in physiological conditions, but shifted to the outward direction in neurons when treated with the medium from cultured hypoxic astrocytes, and this effect could be inhibited by k252a. The reverse potential was shifted leftward to -93 mV, which could be inhibited by k252a and Na＋-K＋-CI cotransporter inhibitor bumetanide. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was released from hypoxic astrocytes at a high level. It shifted the reverse potential of y-aminobutyric acid type A-gated currents leftward in normal neurons by enhancing the function of Na＋-K＋-CI- cotransporter, and caused y-aminobutyric acid to exert an excitatory effect by activating y-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.
